Penicillin | Microorganisms | Biology | FuseSchool

00:04:16
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRl7iJqFGiw

Summary

TLDRPenicillin 1928 yilda Aleksandr Fleming tomonidan birinchi bo'lib kashf qilingan va bu kashfiyot bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashda inqilob qildi. Penicillin antibiotik bo'lib, faqat bakterial infeksiyalarni davolash uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu modda maxsus mog'or zamburug'lari tomonidan ishlab chiqariladi va fermenterlarda tijorat maqsadida o'stiriladi. Fermenterlar Ph, harorat va kislorod darajasini nazorat qilib, optimal sharoitni ta'minlaydi. Penicillin bakterial hujayra devorlarini buzish orqali ta'sir ko'rsatadi va millionlab odamlarning hayotini saqlab qolgan.

Takeaways

  • 🧫 Penicillin birinchi bo'lib Aleksandr Fleming tomonidan 1928 yilda kashf qilingan.
  • 🔬 Penicillin bakterial infeksiyalarni davolash uchun ishlatiladigan antibiotikdir.
  • 🧪 Bu antibiotik mog'or zamburug'i tomonidan ishlab chiqariladi.
  • ⚙️ Penicillin ishlab chiqarish jarayoni fermenterdan foydalaniladi.
  • 🌡️ Ideal harorat 23-28°C bo'lishi kerak.
  • 💨 Steril havo zamburug'larning to'g'ri o'sishini ta'minlaydi.
  • 🔄 Sharbat zichlagichi fermentor tarkibini aralashtiradi.
  • 📉 Penicillin bakterial hujayra devorlarini buzadi.
  • 💊 Penicillin farmatsevtik mahsulot sifatida tonnalarda ishlab chiqariladi.
  • 🌍 Antibiotiklar billionlab odamlarning hayotini saqlab qolgan.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:04:16

    Video mog'or qanday qilib millionlab odamlarning hayotini saqlab qolgani haqida hikoya qiladi. Penitsillin deb nomlangan antibiotik ishlab chiqarilishi bilan tanishib chiqamiz. Bu bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashda qo'llaniladi va 1928 yilda Aleksandr Fleming tomonidan kashf qilingan. U bakteriyalarning ma'lum bir mog'or turiga yaqinlashmaganini payqadi va natijada bakteriyalarni o'ldiruvchi modda - penitsillin ishlab chiqarilganini aniqladi. Ushbu dorilar insonlarda bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashda qo'llanilgan va millionlab hayotlarni saqlab qolgan.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Penicillin qanday kashf qilingan?

    Aleksandr Fleming 1928 yilda mog'or zamburug'ida bakteriyalarni o'ldiruvchi modda ishlab chiqarishini kuzatib, penicillin kashf qildi.

  • Penicillin qanday ishlab chiqariladi?

    Penicillin maxsus zamburug'lar yordamida fermenterlarda ishlab chiqariladi.

  • Penicillin nimani davolaydi?

    Bu antibiotik bakterial infeksiyalarni davolash uchun ishlatiladi.

  • Fermenter qanday sharoitlarni nazorat qiladi?

    Fermenter Ph darajasi, harorat, va kislorod darajasini nazorat qiladi.

  • Penicillin qanday ishlaydi?

    Penicillin bakterial hujayra devorlarini buzadi.

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  • 00:00:00
    [Music]
  • 00:00:08
    how has mold saved millions of lives
  • 00:00:12
    in this video we're going to learn about
  • 00:00:14
    the production of penicillin
  • 00:00:17
    before we start you should remember that
  • 00:00:19
    microorganisms are tiny living things
  • 00:00:22
    including bacteria viruses and fungi
  • 00:00:26
    penicillin is a type of antibiotic which
  • 00:00:29
    can be used to treat bacterial
  • 00:00:31
    infections
  • 00:00:32
    really important antibiotics can only be
  • 00:00:36
    used to treat bacterial infections
  • 00:00:41
    penicillin was first discovered in 1928
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    by a scientist called alexander fleming
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    he noticed that bacteria he was trying
  • 00:00:49
    to grow would not grow near a certain
  • 00:00:52
    type of mold fungus
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    after lots of experimentation he
  • 00:00:57
    discovered that the mould produced a
  • 00:00:58
    substance that killed the bacteria
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    he called this substance penicillin
  • 00:01:04
    which was purified ten years later and
  • 00:01:06
    used to treat bacterial infections in
  • 00:01:09
    people
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    the drug has gone to save millions of
  • 00:01:12
    lives
  • 00:01:13
    [Music]
  • 00:01:16
    penicillin is still used to treat
  • 00:01:18
    bacterial infections today but it's not
  • 00:01:21
    made using moldy food
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    penicillin is produced by a particular
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    species of fungus
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    the fungus can be grown commercially in
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    a fermenter like this one
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    the fermenter controls the following
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    conditions
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    one
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    ph
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    this is maintained at approximately ph
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    6.5 to allow the fungus the optimum ph
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    to grow
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    it's monitored by the ph probe
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    2 temperature
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    this is maintained between 23 degrees
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    celsius and 28 degrees celsius again to
  • 00:01:57
    provide the optimum conditions for
  • 00:02:00
    fungal growth
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    temperature is monitored by the
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    temperature probe and controlled by the
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    cooling jacket
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    the fungi naturally produce heat as they
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    respire so the cooling jacket prevents
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    the fermenter from getting too hot
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    three oxygen level
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    oxygen is needed for the fungi to
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    respire
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    the amount of oxygen available is
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    controlled by allowing the entrance of
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    sterile air
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    why do you think it's important the air
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    is sterile
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    pause the video to think about this
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    the air has to be sterile to prevent
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    other microorganisms entering the
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    fermenter and contaminating the fungus
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    unwanted microorganisms would then be
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    grown and the penicillin spoiled
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    the motor turns the stirrer to
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    thoroughly mix the contents of the
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    fermenter the pressure relief valve is
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    needed to remove excess gas and prevent
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    explosions
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    for example carbon dioxide is produced
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    when fungi respire
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    following the fermentation the products
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    are drained via the tap
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    these products are a mixture of
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    chemicals
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    the products can then be purified and
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    the drug penicillin is extracted for use
  • 00:03:23
    since the discovery of penicillin nearly
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    100 years ago
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    many other antibiotics have been
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    discovered and developed different
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    antibiotics work in different ways
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    to learn more about antibiotics watch
  • 00:03:37
    this video
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    penicillin breaks down bacterial cell
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    walls one type of antibiotic prevents
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    bacteria making new dna while another
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    halts protein synthesis
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    all these new drugs and millions of
  • 00:03:58
    lives saved are down to one person's
  • 00:04:01
    observations about bacteria in a petri
  • 00:04:03
    dish amazing
  • 00:04:06
    if you liked the video give it a thumbs
  • 00:04:07
    up and don't forget to subscribe comment
  • 00:04:10
    below if you have any questions why not
  • 00:04:12
    check out our fusco app as well until
  • 00:04:15
    next time
Tags
  • Penicillin
  • Fleming
  • mog'or
  • antibiotik
  • bakterial infeksiya
  • fermenter
  • zamburug'
  • hayotni saqlash
  • Ph nazorati
  • dori-darmonlar