curso de electrónica básica desde cero | Basic electronics course (#4 circuito serie)

00:31:14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wxIGeFcbk0

Summary

TLDRThe video focuses on explaining Ohm's Law, a cornerstone in electronics, which relates to voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. It emphasizes the importance of this law and demonstrates its application using series circuits. The concept that increasing resistance increases voltage and current is explored, highlighting their proportional relationships. The video further explains the impact of resistor values and their arrangement in circuits. It also touches upon different types of voltage sources and the practicalities of using a protoboard for testing circuits. Ohm's Law is crucial for understanding complex circuit behaviors and is foundational for advancing in electronics. The tutorial includes a practical example of setting up a series circuit on a protoboard, measuring resistances, and understanding the distribution of voltage across resistors. The viewer is encouraged to remember and apply Ohm's Law equations for better circuit analysis and design.

Takeaways

  • 🔌 Understanding Ohm's Law is essential for electronics.
  • 📏 Voltage divides across components in a series circuit.
  • 💡 Burned-out bulbs in series interrupt the entire circuit.
  • 🔄 Current remains constant throughout a series circuit.
  • 🧮 Total resistance is the sum of individual resistors in series.
  • 📊 Practical measurements may differ due to resistor tolerances.
  • 🔧 Protoboards facilitate circuit prototyping and testing.
  • 🔋 Sources can be dependent or independent in nature.
  • 🔎 Proper labeling helps in circuit analysis and fault diagnosis.
  • 💡 Voltage cannot exceed the source voltage in components.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video begins with a discussion on Ohm's law, emphasizing its fundamental role in electronics. A simple explanation of Ohm's law using a triangle diagram is provided, highlighting the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. The explanation includes typical examples like Tesla coils and the concept that voltage without current or vice versa is impossible. Ohm's law is essential for understanding and designing electronic circuits.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The speaker continues explaining the types of electrical sources, distinguishing between dependent and independent sources. Examples provided include voltage regulators like the 7805 and common adapters. The speaker emphasizes the importance of these sources in circuit design and explains the role of these sources in maintaining consistent voltage levels despite changes in current.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    A practical example involving shower heaters is used to explain circuit behavior. The speaker discusses how resistances and currents interact, using home circuits to illustrate the concept. The importance of setting circuits and understanding their path is introduced, primarily using series circuit examples to demonstrate how electric current flows through components and affects voltage and resistance.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The discussion on circuits continues with the importance of polarization in analyzing circuits. The speaker explains that knowing the direction of current is crucial for calculation and analysis, highlighting the significance of nodes in circuits where components connect. The explanation includes a breakdown of series circuits, emphasizing current uniformity and total resistance as the sum of individual resistances.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The tutorial progresses to a discussion on total resistance, using home electrical consumption as an analogy to explain how circuits sum individual resistances. It explains how electrical companies measure total consumption and draws parallels to how a power source understands a circuit's resistance. The key takeaways are about calculating and understanding total resistance and current within series circuits.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:31:14

    In the final segment, the speaker demonstrates how to practically apply Ohm's law on a breadboard. The tutorial includes deciphering resistor color codes, understanding how to measure resistance, and correct resistor placement. The video ends with a promise to explore voltage and current measurement in circuits in the next part. This practical approach helps reinforce theoretical knowledge through hands-on demonstration.

Show more

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is Ohm's Law?

    Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electronics that states the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: Voltage = Current x Resistance.

  • How is the voltage divided in a series circuit?

    In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided across individual components based on their resistance values.

  • What happens if a bulb in a series circuit burns out?

    If a bulb in a series circuit burns out, the entire circuit becomes open, stopping the flow of current, and all other bulbs will go out.

  • How is total resistance calculated in a series circuit?

    The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of all individual resistances.

  • Why is understanding Ohm's Law important?

    Understanding Ohm's Law is crucial for designing and analyzing electronic circuits, as it determines how voltage, current, and resistance interact.

  • Can voltage exceed the supply voltage in a component?

    No, the voltage across a component in a series circuit cannot exceed the supply voltage.

  • Why do series circuits involve equal current throughout?

    In a series circuit, the current is the same across all components because there is only one path for current flow.

  • What is a protoboard used for in electronics?

    A protoboard, or breadboard, is used for prototyping and testing electrical circuits without soldering.

  • How does the tolerance of resistors affect circuit calculations?

    Resistor tolerance can cause variations in actual resistance values, affecting the precision of circuit calculations.

  • What happens to current when resistance is reduced in a circuit?

    Reducing resistance in a circuit increases current flow, according to Ohm's Law.

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  • 00:00:03
    Hello, how are you, welcome to start the eby, you are Iberian,
  • 00:00:07
    continuing with the basic electronics course from scratch, we are going to start with the famous Ohm's law and with two circuits we resist,
  • 00:00:15
    let's look at what the d hondt law
  • 00:00:17
    consists of, it is a very fundamental law in the entire part electronics
  • 00:00:23
    without it nothing that we can be talking about can be fulfilled
  • 00:00:28
    here we can observe this little triangle this triangle is equivalent to the d hont law
  • 00:00:35
    if you learn this little triangle it is easy for you to solve it without being an expert in mathematics or anything like that
  • 00:00:41
    in In case you have a little difficulty
  • 00:00:45
    clearing voltage from current or resistance, let me explain. I have voltage,
  • 00:00:51
    voltage is equal, I plug voltage to cris equal and I will return,
  • 00:01:00
    that is, current times resistance,
  • 00:01:05
    a volt is equal to an ampere
  • 00:01:09
    x a UFO,
  • 00:01:11
    that is what This means that Ohm's law
  • 00:01:14
    continued to increase resistance,
  • 00:01:17
    I am increasing voltage because they are directly proportional
  • 00:01:21
    and in the same way that current increase I am going to increase the voltage,
  • 00:01:26
    there is one thing very clear and we must
  • 00:01:28
    be specific about something, there is no
  • 00:01:32
    current without existing voltage or voltage without existing. current, the two are
  • 00:01:37
    proportional, the two are linked. You cannot say that it is true that the circuit is generating a thousand volts
  • 00:01:43
    and zero amperes. No, no, it cannot be done.
  • 00:01:46
    Let's remember the drawing from the previous course in which we said that the electric current was here.
  • 00:01:53
    Obviously, if there are electrons, there will be. force at its output
  • 00:01:58
    if there are no electrons it is impossible for there to be force now there are projects in which a lot of voltage is generated, for example the tesla coil
  • 00:02:06
    side of nate is what it generates is a magnetic induction of a primary coil and a secondary one and that raises the super high voltage
  • 00:02:14
    generating sparks but this current is very low obviously depending on how it was designed
  • 00:02:20
    all the current is so low but the voltage is very very high but it has to exist they are linked together
  • 00:02:26
    suppose that now we are going to clear current to clear current
  • 00:02:30
    the ideal way is what is multiplying, it happens dividing or if we don't see it here in the little triangle we cover
  • 00:02:37
    and since it is equal b
  • 00:02:42
    About what is left here r
  • 00:02:46
    Let's solve for r
  • 00:02:50
    We cover r since it is equal to ab
  • 00:02:55
    About the intensity
  • 00:02:58
    and here we have the three situations of the same fundamental equation of Ohm's law,
  • 00:03:04
    please, you have to memorize these equations
  • 00:03:08
    very well because absolutely everything in electronics depends on this, regardless of whether it is basic electronics medium electronics advanced electronics
  • 00:03:17
    analog digital power microcontrollers whatever it is based on this law the famous law of o
  • 00:03:25
    you are going to see later videos in which we would be analyzing laws
  • 00:03:30
    kitshoff lv-ca the sk norton thevenin and everything is based on the famous law of ohm
  • 00:03:37
    ohm's law tells us the following in a practical example
  • 00:03:43
    Let's draw a battery
  • 00:03:46
    this symbol indicates a voltage source this voltage source
  • 00:03:53
    when you don't start reading to do a little more research there is a type of sources that are dependent sources and independent sources
  • 00:04:01
    dependent sources are those that depend on the current of the voltage
  • 00:04:05
    if lowers the voltage which increases the current or if the current increases the voltage
  • 00:04:10
    an example and others are independent sources
  • 00:04:14
    an example would be a regulator a voltage regulator
  • 00:04:17
    regardless of the current it is consuming the simple regulator its terminals will deliver a specific voltage an example Of course, it is a 7805 regulator
  • 00:04:26
    that is powered by, for example, 12 volts, its
  • 00:04:31
    regulators receive 5 volts and even though the load consumes 5000 before God, it always has 5 volts,
  • 00:04:37
    it can consume one ampere and it always has its 5 volts, that is, Its edge does not
  • 00:04:42
    differ in voltage or its voltage does not depend on the current.
  • 00:04:47
    An example of an independent source is an
  • 00:04:51
    inexpensive adapter that we find on the market.
  • 00:04:54
    It has 5 volts. We connect it to a circuit and it automatically drops to 4 or drops to 4. 3
  • 00:05:00
    then the voltage depends a lot on the current in this case we can look at types of sources dependent sources and independent sources
  • 00:05:08
    for this
  • 00:05:10
    course that we will be developing usually I like to draw this type of symbols
  • 00:05:15
    indicating that this is a source I can use this symbol or can I use
  • 00:05:23
    This symbol,
  • 00:05:25
    this symbol itself indicates a battery, the battery can be a charger battery, an adapter,
  • 00:05:34
    logically a battery, since it is a battery, for example, of a motorcycle, a
  • 00:05:37
    car, a 9-volt pyrite, an edu battery
  • 00:05:41
    , any type of batteries that you have, but I always use any of these two
  • 00:05:47
    symbols either this symbol I don't know if it will be reached on the camera will place it
  • 00:05:57
    These are the two symbols that I always use so you don't know to worry if you are a symbol or this symbol for me
  • 00:06:05
    indicates that it is a source voltage can be battery charger battery adapter or any element that enters
  • 00:06:12
    continuous energy
  • 00:06:13
    in this course for the moment we will not be working with alternating currents or voltages we will always be working with
  • 00:06:21
    direct currents or pure direct currents explaining Ohm's law a little more on a practical level As I had already mentioned,
  • 00:06:27
    a typical example is the following,
  • 00:06:30
    suppose that you
  • 00:06:33
    A heater or so-called shower that heats the water for daily cleaning, a bath,
  • 00:06:42
    this shower has an
  • 00:06:44
    internal resistance
  • 00:06:46
    . When this resistance you connect it to the alternating network, that is, It is already connected through the electrical wiring system.
  • 00:06:55
    When you turn it on, it is electrical fluid or the bulbs. The luminaires try to lower the brightness a little
  • 00:07:03
    because the lower the resistance,
  • 00:07:05
    the lower the voltage. This resistance is very low, so I tried to make it a short. Here they are seen at lower
  • 00:07:12
    resistance, the current increases and if we see it here at lower resistance, the voltage
  • 00:07:18
    also tries to decrease, it gives the impression that a short is being generated, that is, as if the voltage is trying to fall.
  • 00:07:25
    In these struggles, the two principles are presented. If I
  • 00:07:29
    decreased the resistance or the opposition
  • 00:07:32
    will generate
  • 00:07:34
    greater current flow,
  • 00:07:36
    typical example,
  • 00:07:38
    the shower was turned on and if the electrical system is miscalculated, suddenly the protection system of our home
  • 00:07:45
    called break is triggered, then you are taking a bath and suddenly it stops. The protection system was triggered because the current increased,
  • 00:07:53
    the resistance increased the current and the protection system was at its limit.
  • 00:07:58
    Suppose the showers were 40 amps and the break was 40 amps. By logic, they detected or 40 pesos and the
  • 00:08:05
    device was triggered in this case. We can clearly observe the law of or where example in real life.
  • 00:08:12
    Let's now look at what set circuits are and
  • 00:08:15
    look at how they are calculated, how they are added, how they are operated and how they are going to be measured. At the end of each video,
  • 00:08:22
    I will try to explain everything in a practical way. what we are going to place theoretically
  • 00:08:27
    here we have the first circuit called series circuit the series circuits as its name says is one component
  • 00:08:35
    behind another
  • 00:08:37
    we have the first symbol that we are going to be using this symbol indicates
  • 00:08:43
    resistance electrical resistance at the end of a resistor
  • 00:08:48
    I connect another resistance
  • 00:08:51
    to the end of another resistance I connect another resistance
  • 00:08:55
    as we can see
  • 00:08:58
    There is only one path of circulation of the free accord so here we have
  • 00:09:06
    A voltage source with three resistors connected to each other
  • 00:09:11
    at the end of one begins to the other and so on
  • 00:09:16
    and the electric current
  • 00:09:18
    tries to circulate from positive to negative.
  • 00:09:23
    That is the way in which the electric current is circulating according to international nomenclatures.
  • 00:09:30
    To analyze this circuit we need to do the following:
  • 00:09:33
    we are going to
  • 00:09:35
    polarize all abyssal means placing the way in which the current entered, use the plus 10 - in each component
  • 00:09:43
    this depends on the position of the battery
  • 00:09:46
    so I have more here placed more
  • 00:09:50
    more more more
  • 00:09:52
    less more less more meters
  • 00:09:57
    this means
  • 00:09:59
    that when the current enters like this
  • 00:10:02
    the current but the polarization is always like this
  • 00:10:07
    if the current enters the On the other hand, polarization is like this.
  • 00:10:13
    What is polarization for? To analyze the circuits later
  • 00:10:17
    to know where the current goes. I can have an xy circuit. If I don't know where the current goes, I can't
  • 00:10:24
    analyze it. I can't know if the current goes up. or downwards, I can't know if how I'm going to polarize it, I can't know
  • 00:10:30
    if I'm going to add it, I'm going to subtract it, so it's vitally important.
  • 00:10:33
    This is the polarization of the circuits,
  • 00:10:36
    the first law, as I already mentioned, has only one path. The first rule that the circuit tells us is
  • 00:10:44
    that I am going to
  • 00:10:47
    symbolize the current with a and the current is the same
  • 00:10:53
    in any part of the circuit,
  • 00:11:04
    that is, If I measure the current here
  • 00:11:07
    I am going to measure the same
  • 00:11:09
    the friend here I am going to measure the same I measure here I am going to measure the same that is if I disconnected
  • 00:11:16
    each of these connections
  • 00:11:18
    where two or more components are joined is known by the name node then here I have
  • 00:11:25
    a node
  • 00:11:27
    that's why in telecommunications it is said there we have a
  • 00:11:31
    telecommunications node not a point of intersection of several elements that radiate the signal as such in this case we have
  • 00:11:38
    1 2 3 4 knots
  • 00:11:42
    these
  • 00:11:44
    angles that I make here are simply by design This is a cable
  • 00:11:48
    This is a cable that connects the source with the resistance to the source with the resistance in the source with the assistance of the
  • 00:11:54
    source with the resistance Now that we look at it practically we are going to realize how this system works
  • 00:12:02
    . What we have here is a series circuit now what happens with the voltage
  • 00:12:08
    I have a voltage an example I am going to place three 10 kilo omnium resistors
  • 00:12:18
    All the same 10 kilos as I did in the analysis of the color code they are equivalent to the following color
  • 00:12:26
    for example it is brown
  • 00:12:29
    Black
  • 00:12:32
    Golden orange
  • 00:12:34
    that is the color code of 10k
  • 00:12:36
    brown one black 0 orange 3 1 2 3 years if I do not divide by a thousand
  • 00:12:44
    I have 10
  • 00:12:46
    kilos
  • 00:12:48
    That would be the resisted value and the color code of this equipment that I am drawing on the board
  • 00:12:57
    the voltage at A series circuit is divided by each component.
  • 00:13:01
    For example, I have a 15-volt source.
  • 00:13:06
    What that 15-volt source does is that each resistor takes the voltage that corresponds to it depending on its resistivity.
  • 00:13:14
    In this case, there are three equal resistors by logic without applying There is no equation and without doing any analysis
  • 00:13:22
    I have 15 volts and internally it is being divided,
  • 00:13:26
    which means that each resistor corresponds to
  • 00:13:29
    55 and 5 volts.
  • 00:13:32
    This is a very simple way to analyze, for example.
  • 00:13:37
    In December seasons, sets of lights are purchased.
  • 00:13:44
    Quite a few, especially in Latin America.
  • 00:13:46
    We have
  • 00:13:47
    so-called Christmas series, that's why they are called that way and it turns out that if one light bulb burns out, about 20 or
  • 00:13:54
    40 light bulbs or 100 light bulbs go out, yes, because if I disconnect a single light bulb,
  • 00:14:02
    the circuit remains open, the current as it no longer passed through one light bulb. It will not go through the rest of the bulbs,
  • 00:14:09
    so the circuit is completely
  • 00:14:11
    disconnected. That is the reason
  • 00:14:13
    why in the series circuits, a bulb burns out. You have to take it out and start testing each one of them until you find that it
  • 00:14:19
    is burned out and when you He already tests it and installs a new one. The circuit completely works again.
  • 00:14:30
    Total resistance is measured in a different way.
  • 00:14:34
    I can place it. I know that here I have 10 k, 10 k, and 10 k.
  • 00:14:38
    So the total resistance of the sum
  • 00:14:41
    is completely bone.
  • 00:14:43
    We already had the second law. said that the voltage of the source is divided by each component
  • 00:14:52
    and the third thing that I just said is that the total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistances.
  • 00:15:04
    What does the total resistance mean
  • 00:15:07
    in our home? Electrical companies are not really interested. What we have in our home, because of
  • 00:15:16
    environmental policies,
  • 00:15:18
    they say consumption,
  • 00:15:20
    energy savers
  • 00:15:22
    , don't turn on the light for so long, etc., but those are simply company policies, but in reality, one of those companies is
  • 00:15:29
    interested in consumption because they live of consumption
  • 00:15:33
    , they are not really interested in what we have, each electronic component in our home consumes energy just like these resistors. Let
  • 00:15:41
    me explain that each component draws a different current, in this case due to its current, but we are going to see some circuits called
  • 00:15:49
    parallel and mixed that each component consumes current the sum of the currents is the total current of
  • 00:15:55
    our home in this case it would be the total current of the circuit
  • 00:15:59
    the energy meters or those that are in charge
  • 00:16:03
    outside our home of
  • 00:16:05
    count how much electrical or energy or power consumption we have in our home. What they are not interested in is that we have.
  • 00:16:13
    They are interested in the total resistance of our home. How much of that total resistance is consumed in electrical energy.
  • 00:16:20
    Here it does the same.
  • 00:16:22
    I have a source to The source is not interested in knowing
  • 00:16:25
    how many resistors I have. I can have 100 resistors. Here we are interested. It is she who is interested in this. The source, seen from here,
  • 00:16:32
    how much is the total resistance.
  • 00:16:35
    In this case, it is a very simple example. The total resistance that looks at the source is
  • 00:16:41
    30 k
  • 00:16:43
    , that is, that is what the source sees.
  • 00:16:47
    It is a resistance zone of
  • 00:16:50
    30 kilos.
  • 00:16:52
    That is what the source sees.
  • 00:16:55
    Having already got my total resistance, the next point is to find this one and
  • 00:17:01
    in any part of the circuit
  • 00:17:04
    I already have a simplification that it is a single resistor
  • 00:17:09
    the second step would be to find the total current
  • 00:17:13
    I am going to delete the board to be able to do the entire exercise from this corner
  • 00:17:20
    Here as we can see I did the sum 10 beds 10 beds of 30 k sca a clarification
  • 00:17:27
    everything that you add it has to be in the same units you cannot add obvious
  • 00:17:31
    known ones because it will not give the same result in this case for simplicity everyone was 10 k
  • 00:17:37
    sorry everything was here so I increased them so the result was 10 kilos
  • 00:17:44
    As already I drew it
  • 00:17:57
    It is 30 kilos here I can calculate seconds of the little triangle we have
  • 00:18:08
    and for the then we want to solve and then it is b over r is equal to iu
  • 00:18:17
    that is, the voltage is equal
  • 00:18:19
    to the voltage of the source 12 volts divided by the total resistance
  • 00:18:26
    in this case in this example I am going to use
  • 00:18:29
    all of them to use it
  • 00:18:32
    like this
  • 00:18:33
    volts over years what they give me is amperes so I do the division 12 over 30,000
  • 00:18:42
    performing that division gives us a value of
  • 00:18:45
    0 point
  • 00:18:48
    4 amperes
  • 00:18:51
    According to the table of prefixes multiplying times 1000 or running 30 it would be 12
  • 00:18:59
    30
  • 00:19:01
    4000
  • 00:19:03
    Amperes by nomenclature the first lower case letter is used and the second
  • 00:19:08
    capital letter should always be used this way to carry out an order in the calculations
  • 00:19:13
    with this we have determined the total current that is, the current consumed by this circuit in series is 0.4
  • 00:19:21
    amperes
  • 00:19:22
    now let's look at how many volts each resistor consumes
  • 00:19:27
    in a practical way and without doing calculations we said that if the source
  • 00:19:33
    Sorry about sources of 15 here there is an error what it has done to 12
  • 00:19:45
    It is 15 divided by 30 thousand
  • 00:19:54
    From 0.05 amperes I Excuse me, I had taken 12 volts and I would have been around 15,
  • 00:20:01
    now we are going to actually calculate how much one, two and three is.
  • 00:20:05
    Theoretically, we had said that it is more or less five volts
  • 00:20:08
    because the voltage is divided according to the law that we had for a while, which said that they bounce in the source is equal to the sum of
  • 00:20:14
    the internal voltages,
  • 00:20:16
    another clarification,
  • 00:20:17
    none of the internal voltages can ever exceed the voltage of the source because it does not make sense,
  • 00:20:23
    that is to say, I have a voltage of 15 and an internal voltage of 30, no element is supplying its power to me. voltage
  • 00:20:29
    is being divided therefore you cannot give higher
  • 00:20:33
    as we calculate
  • 00:20:35
    b1
  • 00:20:36
    b1 is the voltage that falls here in the first resistance
  • 00:20:41
    according to Ohm's law is equal to and because
  • 00:20:46
    the total current is the same here here and here
  • 00:20:51
    therefore that current which I just calculated it, it is the one that I am going to use in my calculations, that is, it would be
  • 00:20:58
    0.00 5 x 10 thousand
  • 00:21:05
    12.
  • 00:21:10
    That is equal to
  • 00:21:14
    5.
  • 00:21:16
    Here they are multiplying omnium
  • 00:21:24
    Amperes by shoulders,
  • 00:21:26
    the result will be volts,
  • 00:21:28
    since the resistances are equal, it will always give us
  • 00:21:32
    5 volts. in b1 b2 and b3
  • 00:21:35
    with this we have just verified in a practical way that
  • 00:21:40
    the calculation is indeed the same as what we have said in the initial part
  • 00:21:45
    if we use different resistances obviously the voltage passed is different
  • 00:21:49
    the other conclusion that we can draw is the higher the resistance the higher the voltage The lower the resistance,
  • 00:21:57
    the lower the voltage. In this case, since they are the same, we could not
  • 00:22:00
    observe that effect
  • 00:22:02
    , but now on a practical level I am going to do it with different resistances than the one they propose here and you will notice.
  • 00:22:08
    This phenomenon follows the lower the resistance,
  • 00:22:12
    the higher the current and it is logical if there is something that means less, then more happens and the higher the resistance, the lower the current.
  • 00:22:21
    Now we will see in a practical way how the law works. Today
  • 00:22:25
    we are going to look at how current is measured and we are going to look at how. It is measured in resistance and voltage in a
  • 00:22:31
    series circuit like the one we propose on the board.
  • 00:22:35
    In this first part we are going to look at how the proto board works before making the connection to it. A protoboard
  • 00:22:43
    is practically our test board, it is the one on which we carry out all our measurements
  • 00:22:48
    we make our assemblies a test is nothing more than a sheet
  • 00:22:55
    that is full of online
  • 00:22:58
    conversations
  • 00:23:00
    so
  • 00:23:02
    from the middle down there is no this connection
  • 00:23:05
    and at the top we have
  • 00:23:07
    sheets that go from start to finish which are usually two and There are students who use it as more and as less.
  • 00:23:16
    Here I have one that is
  • 00:23:19
    assembled from the back and we can see that it is the tics.
  • 00:23:25
    So if you connect a resistor, for example, in this same column here, that is a short, that is not It must be done
  • 00:23:33
    here we have a look at the connection completely of
  • 00:23:36
    our breadboard on the back and we have a sheet that crosses from right to left
  • 00:23:44
    from right to left
  • 00:23:47
    and they are disconnected one because it is positive and negative but you as a user define that it does not bring us
  • 00:23:54
    In this case, for example, this one has colors, they say red and blue, so
  • 00:23:59
    let's respect that polarity and always use red as positive and black as negative,
  • 00:24:05
    which should be done and what can't be done. In these protocols, for example, I have a resistor,
  • 00:24:12
    the correct thing is use the resistors like this towards there
  • 00:24:16
    yes or
  • 00:24:17
    use it downwards
  • 00:24:20
    like this but never use the
  • 00:24:24
    In the same column
  • 00:24:26
    that is a short because remember that underneath some can then it is as if I
  • 00:24:32
    took a bare wire and joined like this
  • 00:24:35
    then how old am I zero because a cable has zero thousand and I am shorting the circuit so that should not be done
  • 00:24:43
    this is the correct way when we use integrated ones
  • 00:24:48
    let's not use them all up here
  • 00:24:51
    that is a short because the pin here with the caste pin and not short In the same column,
  • 00:24:56
    the ideal is that the integrated ones always go in the middle, the half separates from the upper part and the lower part
  • 00:25:04
    always makes that separation,
  • 00:25:06
    as we have a breadboard that has
  • 00:25:09
    negative to the river and positive, so what I have done is unite
  • 00:25:12
    more with the plus and the minus with the minus through two cables in one of its corners
  • 00:25:19
    there is a breadboard that here in the middle has no continuity
  • 00:25:23
    continuity means that it asks for the current to pass or that is,
  • 00:25:27
    there is no way to be a little bridge from here here from here here for example is the protocol here look at it
  • 00:25:35
    w2 in this we have to make a little bridge because there are people who make the connection and forget to make the bridges and it does not
  • 00:25:42
    transport the current from this side to this side because it is w isolates it
  • 00:25:47
    and has based In this criterion and with the experience that little by little we are going to develop, now we can
  • 00:25:53
    know how it is going to be connected.
  • 00:25:55
    Remember these are columns,
  • 00:25:58
    they are pure columns, yes, and these are files. In real conveyors, they work at the end of
  • 00:26:04
    columns, the only ones that work in rows. They are the top part
  • 00:26:08
    so we are going to choose
  • 00:26:10
    Three resistors here I have a black coffee
  • 00:26:15
    tomato resistor which in a few words is 10 k it does not matter where you place it
  • 00:26:20
    there are people who say I have to place it at the beginning I have to place it here no it does not matter
  • 00:26:24
    you do not know about In the rest of the photo, when I am using it
  • 00:26:28
    I can place it here and here here here here here there is no problem.
  • 00:26:33
    We place it there
  • 00:26:35
    here I have another resistance of
  • 00:26:38
    1200 so
  • 00:26:40
    the idea is that this fence
  • 00:26:42
    is interconnected with the next one, the next one, that is, They are joined together, it is as if in the air I welded them
  • 00:26:47
    or joined them, then the protagonist that is what makes them join together
  • 00:26:52
    using the sheet that is at the bottom, there is no problem if you place it here, for example, it will be a zoom.
  • 00:27:05
    There is no problem. problem if you place him here in this little space or in this little space in this good is what
  • 00:27:11
    The important thing is that they are in the same column. In this case, I am going to place it down
  • 00:27:16
    here.
  • 00:27:24
    Ready and I am going to place my last resistance.
  • 00:27:29
    From another hole, for example, up here, and it does not have to be in the same row over here. I cannot use it down here.
  • 00:27:38
    There is no problem there I already have three resistors
  • 00:27:43
    interconnected with each other this is the simplest way how it can be done and today I have 10 k 1200
  • 00:27:51
    and
  • 00:27:53
    6000 6.5 here we are going to check if those values ​​are real then we take our multimeter
  • 00:28:01
    ready here we have our multimeter it we are going to place the first one is black coffee tomato according to the color code it
  • 00:28:09
    is equivalent to 10,000 òmnium or 10 kilos
  • 00:28:12
    so we placed it on the 20 k scale black tip in the black red in
  • 00:28:18
    sorry black tip in the com and red says b so we take We can measure these resistances
  • 00:28:23
    outside or in this case I am going to measure them here in a series circuit, there is no problem.
  • 00:28:30
    As we can look at the resistance, it is measuring
  • 00:28:33
    9.83 kilo omnium,
  • 00:28:36
    approximately 10 k. The second one is brown, red, red, gold, that is,
  • 00:28:42
    1200 omnium,
  • 00:28:45
    we place it here
  • 00:28:47
    and Look at
  • 00:28:51
    1.19 here or approximately 1.2 and we are going to measure the other one which is
  • 00:28:58
    green blue red
  • 00:29:01
    5.6 here we put
  • 00:29:06
    5.52
  • 00:29:07
    kilovolts here
  • 00:29:08
    so now we are going to do the
  • 00:29:11
    theoretical calculation to see how much the value it should give us
  • 00:29:16
    then we have For example, a resistance of 10 kilos
  • 00:29:21
    plus a residence of
  • 00:29:23
    1.2 kilos
  • 00:29:25
    plus a resistance of
  • 00:29:27
    5.6 kilos, men, we are going to do the operation, we pay for our multimeter,
  • 00:29:33
    that gives us a resistance of
  • 00:29:37
    16.8 kilos, obviously
  • 00:29:41
    everything adds up, so therefore the result is here where It says that it is
  • 00:29:46
    16.8, let's check if this result is actually true,
  • 00:29:52
    then we turn on our multimeter.
  • 00:29:58
    It says that it gives 16, which means that on the 20 k scale I can perfectly measure it.
  • 00:30:05
    Theoretically, they give me
  • 00:30:07
    16.8, practically, it gives me
  • 00:30:10
    16.5.
  • 00:30:11
    This, this change, this value that differs is because The tolerance of each of the resistors,
  • 00:30:18
    if each resistor has a tolerance, is added with the other tolerance or against the other difference of the other resistors
  • 00:30:24
    and therefore the final result will never be the same.
  • 00:30:28
    One way to check if it is the same would be
  • 00:30:31
    to write down all of them. the practical values ​​add the practical values ​​and there it will be equal to what our multimeter shows.
  • 00:30:40
    Now let's look at how we can power our circuit and check
  • 00:30:46
    the voltage and current rating of each of these circuits.
  • 00:30:50
    So far we have done what is the part theory of
  • 00:30:54
    checking total resistance
  • 00:30:57
    in a next video, so as not to lengthen this one, we are going to look at how to measure the voltages and currents of this circuit.
  • 00:31:05
    See you in a next tutorial.
Tags
  • Ohm's Law
  • Series Circuit
  • Voltage
  • Current
  • Resistance
  • Electronics
  • Protoboard
  • Circuit Analysis
  • Voltage Source
  • Resistor Tolerance