Towards the Development of Spatial Data Infrastructure - A Standardization Perspective

00:20:23
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4htCF-elPE

Summary

TLDRThis text delves into how human life is increasingly interconnected with technology, specifically Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which collect, manage, and analyze spatial and geographical data. With advancements in technology, accessing spatial information has become more convenient. GIS technology plays a critical role in day-to-day tasks such as navigation and planning, significantly enhancing the quality of life by providing accurate and timely data for optimal decision-making. It supports a multitude of applications by creating new information tailored to different needs. The text also highlights the challenges associated with the vast and rapidly growing volume of geospatial data, particularly the importance of standardization and sharing in effectively utilizing this data. Efforts to promote international standards, like those by ISO and OGC, have improved data compatibility across various platforms, enabling easier integration and application. National and regional frameworks like NSDI and SDI aim to enhance geospatial data sharing and application, bringing significant benefits despite challenges like data format diversity and technology integration.

Takeaways

  • 🌐 GIS enhances daily life by integrating spatial data in practical ways.
  • 🛰️ Technology advancements make accessing geographic data easier and faster.
  • 📊 GIS provides valuable insights for decision-making in various fields.
  • 🤝 Data sharing and standardization are crucial for effective GIS application.
  • 📈 The volume of geospatial data is rapidly increasing, posing new challenges.
  • ⏲️ Timely and accurate geospatial information is vital for many applications.
  • 🔧 Standardization simplifies data integration across different systems.
  • 🏢 SDI frameworks promote better utilization of geospatial resources.
  • 💡 Open data structures aid in inter-application communication and integration.
  • 🔍 Metadata and standardized recording enhance resource sharing and usage.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The advancement of technology, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS), has revolutionized how we access and utilize information. With devices such as computers and smartphones, obtaining information like weather updates, local amenities, or travel routes has become simple and integrated, thus enhancing the quality of life. GIS enables the collection, management, processing, analyzing, distribution, and application of spatial data, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of real-world scenarios for better decision-making.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The integration of GIS with various data fields enriches applications on mobile devices by combining different datasets, such as overlaying rainfall data on maps, to provide enhanced functionalities to users. As data volumes increase rapidly, sharing information becomes essential to avoid redundant efforts and leverage expert insights for informed decision-making, like choosing the best restaurant based on recommendations. Such integration enriches applications and meets specific user requirements, emphasizing the growing need for efficient data sharing systems.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) aims to facilitate the sharing and integration of geospatial data across various fields and regions, addressing challenges such as cost, data update needs, and professional skill requirements. SDI supports the amalgamation of spatial resources from multiple sources, allowing easy access and application by users. Standards are crucial for interoperability in SDI, promoting data accuracy, timeliness, and diversification to support decision-making in a dynamic environment.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:23

    Standardization is pivotal for the seamless sharing and utilization of geospatial data, breaking down barriers of software incompatibility. International standards, such as those from ISO and OGC, enable data from various sources to be easily integrated and used across different platforms, supporting the GIS market's growth. This ensures that users can accurately interpret and apply data regardless of its origin, fostering global collaboration in geospatial resource management. Establishing a neutral, widely applicable standard system is key for overcoming the technical challenges of SDI implementation.

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Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is GIS?

    GIS stands for Geographic Information System, a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing spatial and geographic data.

  • Why is GIS important in daily life?

    GIS helps in making informed decisions by providing spatial data analysis, which is essential for various applications like navigation, land use planning, and environmental management.

  • How has technology improved access to spatial information?

    Advancements in technology have enabled the integration of spatial data into convenient devices and applications, providing easy and quick access to comprehensive geographic information.

  • What challenges are faced in the sharing of geospatial data?

    Challenges include ensuring the accuracy, timeliness, and standardization of data due to diverse sources and formats, which can impede seamless data integration and utilization.

  • What is SDI?

    SDI stands for Spatial Data Infrastructure, a framework for linking data resources, processes, technologies, and organizations to act effectively together to use and manage spatial data.

  • How does standardization benefit GIS?

    Standardization in GIS, such as using common formats and specifications, facilitates easier data sharing, integration, and application across different platforms and systems.

  • What challenges does SDI face?

    SDI faces challenges related to integration, data sharing, and establishing effective partnerships across diverse organizations with different technologies and data formats.

  • What role do standards play in GIS?

    Standards ensure interoperability, quality, and reliability in GIS data sharing and integration, allowing different systems to work together seamlessly.

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  • 00:00:20
    the life of human beings
  • 00:00:22
    is closely bound up with their
  • 00:00:24
    circumstances
  • 00:00:25
    with science and technology advances we
  • 00:00:28
    have been well accustomed to using
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    computer system to obtain the latest
  • 00:00:32
    weather information
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    search for recommended restaurant
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    describe the current position
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    or even plain travel route prior to
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    selection of a destination
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    which we can reach smoothly by access to
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    spatial information
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    even it is unfamiliar to this nowadays
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    convenient portable devices and
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    ubiquitous internet can offer easy
  • 00:00:55
    access to all the contents
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    that were scattered in books magazines
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    and maps previously and display them in
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    an integrated way
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    thus improving the quality of our life
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    significance
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    we have to own such conveniences to
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    technological developments of geographic
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    information system
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    gis over the past 30 years
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    gis involved the theories and technology
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    to collect manage process analyze
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    distribute and apply digital special
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    data with computers
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    to build a simply phenomenal in a real
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    world are stored and
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    integrated into a computer system in the
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    format of digital special information
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    inconvenient tools are developed so that
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    users can
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    understand conditions of the real world
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    for optimal decision making
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    through the system interface
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    for users the richer gis contents are
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    the more services it will provide for
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    example
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    remote sensing images may display the
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    overall condition
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    of a local area by overlaying land-use
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    data onto remote sensing images
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    we can analyze the relationship between
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    land use and its corresponding
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    situations in real world
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    by filler and score data you can
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    evaluate a neighboring environments near
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    the schools
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    gis can be easily integrated with data
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    from different fields
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    it generates new information in response
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    to various needs and creates various
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    applications to enrich our life
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    in present days application software app
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    in our mobile phones often requires
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    different information
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    from others through connection and
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    develops value-added function
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    for instance a map overlaid of the
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    rainfall
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    data from the material logical bureau
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    will present the condition
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    of the rainfall in various areas as long
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    as related resources are available
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    apps can be developed in response to
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    specific requirements
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    and users may gain access to abundant
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    functions with several simple operations
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    therefore needs for spatial data are
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    also
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    increasing
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    due to the progress in digitalization
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    the volumes of data in various fields
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    are accumulating quickly at an
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    unprecedented speed
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    according to statistics the volume of
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    data doubles
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    every year and it is estimated that 80
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    percent of them are geographic related
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    how to take four advantages of the
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    available data for a better future
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    will be a challenge that confronts us
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    sharing is a common behavior in the
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    internet world
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    and we can obtain the shared information
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    from the others
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    and use it into our own apps the
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    greatest advantage of
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    sharing is that we can fulfill our tasks
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    and decisions more quickly without
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    repeating the same work
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    the information from experts has higher
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    credibility and helps to make up for
  • 00:04:24
    users lack of perceptions
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    for example when there are many
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    restaurants in an area
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    but we want to find a better one we may
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    go to search websites and browse the
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    food and beverage service information
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    shared by the food expert so as to
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    reduce the possibility
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    of making mistakes in selections in the
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    future
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    we will be confronted not only with the
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    environment where data volumes increase
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    quickly
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    but also with the challenge of utilizing
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    the resources available properly
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    similar to sharing of food information
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    application of digital special
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    information also faces the same
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    challenge
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    when we need special data if
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    professional units can continuously
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    provide various kinds of special data
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    which
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    are credible enough it will be extremely
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    helpful to user's decision
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    the acquisition and the production of
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    geospatial data is not an easy task it
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    not only requires high professional
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    skills
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    but also demands a lot of investments if
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    the data must be updated continuously
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    the cost will be considerable
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    to realize such shared environments
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    careful planning and reliable mechanisms
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    are necessary to meet the needs of all
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    participants for application
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    the concept of special data
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    infrastructure
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    sdi is to promote sharing integration
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    and application of digital spatial
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    resources
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    among various producers from policy
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    standard
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    and technological perspectives
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    in the simple word different type of
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    spatial resources come from different
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    units but they may be integrated
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    effectively through
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    sdi development so that users can easily
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    obtain and apply the shared resources
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    through detailed analysis of the scop
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    estate
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    sdi assigns proper text to the concerned
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    participants
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    and settles the bridge between resource
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    providers and users
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    for mutual exchange and better sharing
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    sdi may be classified on the basis of
  • 00:06:42
    the scope for sharing
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    it is referred to as national special
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    data infrastructure
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    and sdi it is shared by a nation under
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    its scope
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    and will be known as regional special
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    data infrastructure
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    rsdi when is shared by a region
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    such as european unions inspire which is
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    a mechanism for spatial resource sharing
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    among the eu member states
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    if sdi is accessible to the group it
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    will be
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    referred to global spatial data
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    infrastructure
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    gsdi and currently the gsdi
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    association has been established to
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    promote
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    affairs related to geospatial
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    information sharing in the globe
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    similar to experiences in using gis
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    users certainly expect to use the
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    special resources that are scattered in
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    different places
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    in the sdi context the considerations
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    include first diversification of data to
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    meet the needs of users from different
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    fields second
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    accuracy of data since inaccurate data
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    will lead to wrong decisions
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    and result in irrevocable effects
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    third timeliness of data as many
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    applications must respond to quick
  • 00:08:07
    changes and inability to get the
  • 00:08:09
    information on the real world in a
  • 00:08:11
    timely manner
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    will have a negative impact on decision
  • 00:08:15
    making
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    diversification accuracy and tampons
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    are important considerations for sdi
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    in promoting resource sharing among
  • 00:08:26
    different fields
  • 00:08:35
    since data comes from different
  • 00:08:36
    providers in different formats
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    and designs proper and integrative
  • 00:08:41
    application
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    possess a big challenge and we must rely
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    on development
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    of standards and technology to remove
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    the barriers against data distribution
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    for example when we want to replace a
  • 00:08:55
    battery in an electric device
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    no matter who manufactures the battery
  • 00:09:00
    it can be installed for sure
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    as long as it is of the same model even
  • 00:09:05
    if the maker of the electric device has
  • 00:09:07
    nothing to do with the battery
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    manufacturer
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    installation is never a problem chiefly
  • 00:09:13
    because design and production of the
  • 00:09:16
    electric device and battery must comply
  • 00:09:18
    with the battery size
  • 00:09:20
    standards if there is no standard
  • 00:09:23
    we may have to spend a lot of time in
  • 00:09:25
    looking for a battery of proper
  • 00:09:27
    specifications
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    obviously formulation of standards makes
  • 00:09:33
    technological developments in all
  • 00:09:35
    relevant fields become
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    purer and simpler
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    international travel is often
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    accompanied by photographing and
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    shopping
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    we all know that we must first inquire
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    about the specifications of the socket
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    by the country to which we will travel
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    in case we cannot recharge camera
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    batteries
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    this is because socket specifications
  • 00:10:01
    are not standardized in different
  • 00:10:03
    countries and we must get different
  • 00:10:05
    plugs to correspond to different socket
  • 00:10:07
    specifications
  • 00:10:10
    compared to it we are not worried about
  • 00:10:12
    using credit cards in foreign swipe
  • 00:10:14
    machines
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    because our credit cards are met
  • 00:10:17
    according to the same international
  • 00:10:18
    standard
  • 00:10:22
    as long as shops are willing to accept
  • 00:10:24
    credit cards
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    nowhere may we have any problem in
  • 00:10:27
    swiping credit cards
  • 00:10:28
    standards allows overall development to
  • 00:10:31
    be promoted
  • 00:10:32
    towards a uniform structure and avoid
  • 00:10:34
    the cases where everyone acts in his own
  • 00:10:37
    way without mutual communication
  • 00:10:44
    application of standards is seen
  • 00:10:46
    everywhere in information field
  • 00:10:49
    for example we can use the browser of
  • 00:10:52
    any company to open
  • 00:10:53
    html best web pages developed by
  • 00:10:56
    different units
  • 00:11:00
    even though there's no substantial
  • 00:11:01
    relation between the web page designer
  • 00:11:04
    with publishing software developer
  • 00:11:06
    browser software developer and users
  • 00:11:11
    this is because html is a commonly
  • 00:11:14
    accepted technical standard
  • 00:11:16
    and operations can be fulfilled
  • 00:11:18
    successfully as long as different
  • 00:11:20
    role-playing members complete their work
  • 00:11:22
    according to their assignments in the
  • 00:11:24
    application
  • 00:11:27
    formulation of html standards allows
  • 00:11:30
    members to communicate with each other
  • 00:11:32
    without contact
  • 00:11:36
    instead the structures that do not
  • 00:11:38
    comply with standards often require
  • 00:11:40
    users to adopt specific software
  • 00:11:43
    thus creating barriers against sharing
  • 00:11:45
    an application inevitably
  • 00:11:51
    the rapid growth of gis market is
  • 00:11:54
    supported by various data formats and
  • 00:11:56
    software technology from different gis
  • 00:11:59
    vendors though the use of single gis
  • 00:12:03
    software is often easy
  • 00:12:05
    problems may occur when heterogeneous
  • 00:12:07
    data from different
  • 00:12:08
    resources are integrated in users
  • 00:12:11
    applications
  • 00:12:13
    for example data cannot be opened
  • 00:12:16
    contents cannot be rate or data requires
  • 00:12:19
    special processing
  • 00:12:20
    etc all present an obstacle to promotion
  • 00:12:25
    of sdi
  • 00:12:28
    iso tc211 and opengl special consortium
  • 00:12:33
    began to work on technical formulation
  • 00:12:35
    and development of geographic
  • 00:12:37
    information
  • 00:12:38
    standards since 1994.
  • 00:12:42
    isil established its iso 19100 series of
  • 00:12:47
    geographic
  • 00:12:47
    information standards which are widely
  • 00:12:50
    accepted by countries in the world as a
  • 00:12:53
    common standard for
  • 00:12:54
    nsdi a specific organization supported
  • 00:12:58
    by industry
  • 00:12:59
    organizations and academic units ogc
  • 00:13:02
    focuses on development of software
  • 00:13:05
    technology
  • 00:13:06
    and standard documents and devotes
  • 00:13:08
    itself to practical applications and
  • 00:13:10
    technical specifications
  • 00:13:14
    the key to gis technologies developed by
  • 00:13:17
    iso tc211 and lgc is openness
  • 00:13:22
    unlike past software development that
  • 00:13:24
    highlights self-formulated formats with
  • 00:13:26
    difficulty in interpretation by other
  • 00:13:28
    software
  • 00:13:30
    open structures record data in an open
  • 00:13:33
    structure
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    like xml and meets the needs for
  • 00:13:36
    communication among different
  • 00:13:38
    application systems through services
  • 00:13:41
    these two developments make it
  • 00:13:43
    unnecessary to use specific commercial
  • 00:13:45
    software as a channel of distribution
  • 00:13:48
    between providers and users anymore
  • 00:13:52
    a removal of the threshold for using
  • 00:13:54
    specific software
  • 00:13:56
    helps promote distribution and
  • 00:13:58
    application of different data
  • 00:14:02
    suppose that the provider and user
  • 00:14:04
    utilizes software a and software b
  • 00:14:07
    respectively
  • 00:14:08
    the user has to evaluate if software b
  • 00:14:11
    can read the format of software a
  • 00:14:14
    correctly
  • 00:14:16
    if not software b cannot utilize the
  • 00:14:18
    data of software a
  • 00:14:20
    in urgent cases there are conversions
  • 00:14:23
    required and we must ensure
  • 00:14:25
    that all contents can be converted
  • 00:14:27
    correctly
  • 00:14:28
    for the open approach data must be
  • 00:14:30
    converted to open data formats according
  • 00:14:32
    to the selected standards
  • 00:14:35
    software b can read data correctly as
  • 00:14:38
    long as
  • 00:14:39
    it supports the selected standard if
  • 00:14:41
    there are other software c and
  • 00:14:44
    d it is not necessary for data providers
  • 00:14:46
    to conduct
  • 00:14:47
    any additional operations as long as the
  • 00:14:50
    software all supports select is standard
  • 00:14:53
    the distributed data can be easily
  • 00:14:55
    distributed and used
  • 00:14:57
    a new structure of data distribution and
  • 00:15:00
    integrated application is built on the
  • 00:15:02
    basis of this standardization concept
  • 00:15:12
    to transfer of wave contents via html
  • 00:15:16
    the strategy of sdi is resource
  • 00:15:19
    providers distribute data and service in
  • 00:15:21
    standardized ways
  • 00:15:23
    and users assess desired geospatial
  • 00:15:25
    resources also in standardized way
  • 00:15:29
    as technical standards have been issued
  • 00:15:31
    by iso tc211 and ogc
  • 00:15:37
    these standards may be followed in data
  • 00:15:39
    production and software development to
  • 00:15:41
    build an easier model of distribution
  • 00:15:44
    and application wms
  • 00:15:48
    wfs gml and kml are all technical
  • 00:15:52
    standards develop on the basis of this
  • 00:15:55
    concept
  • 00:15:58
    after your special data are distributed
  • 00:16:01
    with standard techniques
  • 00:16:03
    whether users can interpret the acquired
  • 00:16:05
    data correctly is certainly an
  • 00:16:07
    important consideration the open
  • 00:16:10
    structure and contents of distributed
  • 00:16:12
    data following data standards
  • 00:16:14
    or specifications suffers a bridge of
  • 00:16:17
    communication between providers and
  • 00:16:20
    users
  • 00:16:23
    for similar data even though they come
  • 00:16:25
    from different providers
  • 00:16:28
    users still can interpret them only by
  • 00:16:31
    following the above data standards
  • 00:16:33
    and users can integrate and apply all
  • 00:16:36
    data correctly as long as they
  • 00:16:38
    understand data standards in all fields
  • 00:16:44
    a big challenge in promoting sdi is to
  • 00:16:47
    gain access to your special resources
  • 00:16:49
    together in human resource market it's
  • 00:16:52
    like
  • 00:16:52
    roles of job seekers and firms in human
  • 00:16:55
    resource markets
  • 00:16:56
    job seekers must provide resumes of
  • 00:16:59
    their own
  • 00:16:59
    where firms can go over and check
  • 00:17:02
    resumes of
  • 00:17:03
    all job seekers to select the most
  • 00:17:05
    appropriate candidates
  • 00:17:08
    similarly audio special resources are
  • 00:17:11
    required to give metadata the surface
  • 00:17:14
    resumes of the geospatial resources to
  • 00:17:16
    describe their features under
  • 00:17:18
    standardized items
  • 00:17:21
    in this way sdi resources can be
  • 00:17:24
    completely controlled and supplied to
  • 00:17:26
    users for inquiry and check
  • 00:17:30
    in taiwan the government supported nsdi
  • 00:17:33
    national geographic information system
  • 00:17:36
    began to establish its standardization
  • 00:17:38
    framework
  • 00:17:39
    based on iso tc211 and lgc standards in
  • 00:17:43
    2004.
  • 00:17:44
    as of 2012 20 data standards have been
  • 00:17:48
    approved to facilitate the sharing of
  • 00:17:50
    your special resources among different
  • 00:17:52
    units using opengis technology users can
  • 00:18:00
    thus enjoy the convenience for easily
  • 00:18:03
    assessing and integrating desired your
  • 00:18:05
    special data for their demand specific
  • 00:18:07
    applications to help users to search and
  • 00:18:11
    understand
  • 00:18:12
    available geo resources in ngis
  • 00:18:15
    a nation-level metadata profile taiwan
  • 00:18:18
    spatial metadata profilers also
  • 00:18:20
    developed
  • 00:18:22
    combined with the iso 19115 metadata
  • 00:18:26
    standard
  • 00:18:27
    twsmb provides a standardized way for
  • 00:18:30
    recording and encoding metadata
  • 00:18:33
    metadata established by various domains
  • 00:18:36
    are then collected
  • 00:18:37
    and managed by common gateway system
  • 00:18:42
    a nation level your special data sharing
  • 00:18:45
    mechanism
  • 00:18:46
    tavern your special portal t goes is
  • 00:18:49
    developed to enable users to easily
  • 00:18:51
    specify
  • 00:18:52
    constraints and search for dual
  • 00:18:54
    resources that meets their particular
  • 00:18:56
    application demand
  • 00:19:10
    sdi is an important step towards sharing
  • 00:19:13
    an integrated application of geospatial
  • 00:19:15
    data in different fields
  • 00:19:17
    its successful operations are challenged
  • 00:19:20
    by many obstacles
  • 00:19:22
    for example different commercial
  • 00:19:24
    software formats
  • 00:19:26
    different software technologies
  • 00:19:28
    partnership among various organizations
  • 00:19:31
    etc challenges at an administrative
  • 00:19:35
    technical and data labels require a new
  • 00:19:38
    thinking on the roles and
  • 00:19:39
    responsibilities of
  • 00:19:40
    all participating members from an sdi
  • 00:19:43
    perspective
  • 00:19:44
    standard techniques establish a
  • 00:19:46
    mechanism that is neutral to commercial
  • 00:19:48
    software and widely applicable to
  • 00:19:51
    various kinds of members
  • 00:19:52
    and this advantage can be utilized
  • 00:19:55
    properly to promote distribution and
  • 00:19:57
    integrate the application of different
  • 00:19:59
    data
  • 00:20:01
    however all members must work together
  • 00:20:04
    and give a buyers to give full play to
  • 00:20:06
    the gis benefits
  • 00:20:08
    and achieve objectives for sdi
  • 00:20:22
    you
Tags
  • GIS
  • Spatial Data
  • Geospatial Technology
  • Technology Advancement
  • Data Sharing
  • Standardization
  • GIS Applications
  • Spatial Data Infrastructure
  • Digitalization
  • International Standards