Stories from the Stone Age - 1of15

00:09:31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7bqi70B3tE

摘要

TLDRThe video explores the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities at the end of the last Ice Age, focusing on the Natufian culture in the Fertile Crescent. Around 15,000 years ago, as the climate improved and glaciers melted, these ancient peoples discovered an abundance of wild grains. They began to harvest and store this grain, which did not decay if kept dry, allowing them to settle in one location. This shift marked the beginning of agriculture, resulting in the building of permanent shelters and the establishment of communities, a significant turning point in human history that laid the groundwork for modern civilization.

心得

  • 🏔️ The last Ice Age ended 15,000 years ago.
  • 🌾 The Natufians discovered a vast supply of wild grains.
  • 🧑‍🌾 They were skilled hunter-gatherers but began to settle.
  • 🔍 Dorothea Garrard was a pioneering archaeologist of the Natufians.
  • ⚒️ The sickle found indicated advanced harvesting techniques.
  • 🌱 Grain’s long shelf-life allowed for food storage.
  • 🏡 This led to the first permanent shelters in the region.
  • 🌍 The beginning of agriculture changed human civilization forever.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:09:31

    The video describes the transition of human ancestors from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agricultural communities around 15,000 years ago, coinciding with the end of the last ice age. The changing climate led to the melting of glaciers and the blossoming of fertile regions in the Middle East, particularly the Fertile Crescent, where edible plants and animals thrived. This environmental change allowed groups to discover a new, abundant source of grain from grasses, laying the groundwork for future agriculture and civilization.

思维导图

视频问答

  • Who were the Natufians?

    The Natufians were an ancient people who lived around 12,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, known for their early harvesting of wild grains.

  • What did the Natufians discover?

    They discovered a vast supply of grain from wild grasses, which spurred human progress and the beginning of agriculture.

  • What impact did grain have on the Natufian lifestyle?

    Grain provided a reliable food source that allowed the Natufians to settle in one place and store food for long periods of time.

  • Who was Dorothea Garrard?

    Dorothea Garrard was the first great woman archaeologist who excavated the Natufian sites in the 1920s.

  • What is the significance of the sickle found by Garrard?

    The sickle was a tool designed for cutting grass and indicated that the Natufians were collecting wild grasses in large quantities.

  • How did the climate change affect human civilization?

    As the climate warmed and glaciers melted, it transformed the environment, making areas like the Fertile Crescent ideal for human habitation and agriculture.

  • What does grain's ability to last for decades mean for ancient humans?

    It allowed them to store food and rely on it during hard times, leading to a more stable and settled lifestyle.

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  • 00:00:02
    it's the end of the last ice age our
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    ancestors have survived this freezing
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    desolation for twenty five thousand
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    years they are hunter-gatherers
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    they travel light their children with
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    them one meal away from starvation
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    they are never able to settle down but
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    these nomads are about to change the
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    world their Stone Age revolution will
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    make our civilization possible they will
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    set humanity on the long journey to the
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    modern world
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    around 15,000 years ago the climate
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    began to change the glaciers melted and
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    with water the world came back to life
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    one of the best places for humans to
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    live now was an area of the Middle East
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    we call the Fertile Crescent from Israel
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    to Iraq the hills were dotted with trees
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    which spread quickly as the weather
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    improved the open woodlands were like a
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    garden
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    supporting a new range of edible plants
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    animals flourished on the uplands and
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    fertile plains it was a hunter-gatherers
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    paradise
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    it was here the traveling bands found
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    something completely new which would
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    change humanity forever
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    they discovered a huge family of plants
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    the grasses it was a vast supply of
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    grain
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    this was the spark which would make
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    human progress possible the evidence is
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    scattered in valleys across the Fertile
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    Crescent these people left no recorded
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    language or stories all the
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    archaeologists can do is dig in the
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    1920s the first great woman
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    archaeologist Dorothea Garrard carried
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    out excavations around Mount Carmel in
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    Israel
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    she was looking in caves she thought had
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    been used 50,000 years earlier
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    instead she unearthed the body of a man
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    buried around 12,000 years ago he was
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    curled up wearing a beautifully crafted
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    headband decorated with pipe like
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    seashell
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    it was so distinctive Garrett believed
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    she had discovered a new people she
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    named them the Natufian
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    [Music]
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    as she kept digging she found something
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    researchers had never seen before it was
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    a tool with a bone handle it held a line
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    of sharp flute blades
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    [Music]
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    they were coated with a shiny residue
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    traces of a wild grass an ancient form
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    of wheat
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    it was a sickle a tool designed
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    especially for cutting grass
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    [Music]
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    Siddartha Garrett knew the Natufian were
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    collecting the new grass firms in large
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    quantities
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    [Music]
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    at the same time each year these ancient
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    people would have found the ripening
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    grass in huge areas
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    many of them were not edible but they
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    managed to select all the useful species
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    now they had barley and wheat
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    [Music]
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    but that would travel us working
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    together in small family groups they
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    have to carry everything they harvested
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    [Music]
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    this burden would ultimately change
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    their way of life
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    [Music]
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    today the land of the Natufian is drier
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    and hotter the past is waiting to be
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    discovered just beneath a forbidding
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    surface
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    here at wadi hammer in northern Jordan
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    the Natufian left my new traces of their
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    lives archaeologist Philip Edwards has
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    found evidence that these nomads had
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    everything they needed in one place
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    they're well placed here they're on
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    water and they are positioned between
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    the lowlands of the Jordan Valley and
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    the uplands of the Mediterranean hills
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    behind fact the jordan valley when when
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    the two feein people were here was
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    filled by a lake lake luzern which
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    extended right up and right past the
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    scene here and looking over that we we
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    would see if it was a clear day Mount
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    Carmel peeping out on the coast the site
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    where the to fear was discovered
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    originally by Dorothy goad
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    [Music]
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    archaeologists estimate they were known
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    more than a thousand families living in
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    the whole of Israel and Jordan at the
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    time there was enough grain to feed them
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    well and it was all the growing wild now
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    archeologists have experimented in
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    harvesting wild cereals in their natural
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    area in the Middle East and what they
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    found is that one person harvesting for
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    a period of about three weeks can
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    produce enough food to feed a family of
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    four for a whole year
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    these ancient grasses are the
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    forerunners of modern crops the grains
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    discovered by the no two thien's still
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    feed more than half the world's
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    population today of all the things they
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    ate grain was unique in one vital way it
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    did not decay keep it dry and it lasts
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    for decades
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    I denied for the first time they had
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    food they could rely on for long periods
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    of time now they needed to store their
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    grain there was a reason to stay in one
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    place
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    [Music]
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    this was the first time in the Middle
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    East we know people built shelters to
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    last from year to year and they remained
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    here from generation to generation down
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    the centuries
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    [Music]
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    they chose their sites carefully many
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    had loathe stone mortars their remains
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    can be found
标签
  • Natufians
  • Fertile Crescent
  • agriculture
  • hunter-gatherers
  • archaeology
  • grains
  • climate change
  • settlement
  • Dorothea Garrard
  • ancient history