Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally: Excerpt from Frans de Waal's TED Talk

00:02:44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meiU6TxysCg

摘要

TLDRThis video describes a well-known fairness study initially conducted with capuchin monkeys, which has since been replicated with various animals such as dogs, birds, and chimpanzees. In the experiment, two capuchin monkeys perform a simple task and receive food rewards. When both get cucumber as a reward, they are satisfied, but when one sees the other receiving a more desirable reward, grapes, it expresses dissatisfaction by throwing the cucumber. This behavior indicates an awareness of inequity. The researcher compares this reaction to a protest, suggesting a strong sense of fairness within these animals.

心得

  • 🐵 Capuchin monkeys understand fairness and react to inequity.
  • 🍇 Grapes are preferred over cucumbers by the monkeys.
  • 🪨 The task involved giving a rock for a reward.
  • 📹 The experiment was recorded for accurate observation.
  • 🐶 Similar tests were conducted on other animals.
  • 👫 Monkeys work side by side, observing each other's rewards.
  • 😡 Discontent is shown when unequal treatment occurs.
  • 🏦 The protest is likened to financial equity issues.
  • 🔍 New monkeys were tested to observe fresh reactions.
  • 🦧 This study shows animals' awareness of social justice.
  • 👀 The monkeys' reactions are visible and poignant.
  • 🔄 Repeated trials were done to confirm consistency.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:02:44

    A fairness experiment was conducted with capuchin monkeys to study their reactions to inequity. Monkeys were given tasks and rewards, with some receiving cucumbers and others grapes, which are preferred. The experiment showed that when a monkey receiving cucumbers observed another receiving grapes, it exhibited signs of protest due to the perceived unfairness. The experiment has been done with other animals like dogs and birds, validating the cross-species significance of fairness perception.

思维导图

Mind Map

常见问题

  • What animals were involved in the fairness experiment?

    The experiment involved capuchin monkeys, and has also been done with dogs, birds, and chimpanzees.

  • What was the task given to the capuchin monkeys?

    The monkeys had to give a rock to the experimenter to receive a food reward.

  • What foods were used in the experiment?

    Cucumbers and grapes were used, with grapes being the preferred reward.

  • Why is cucumber considered less valuable than grapes to the monkeys?

    Cucumbers are less tasty than grapes and are just considered like water by the speaker, whereas grapes are more desirable.

  • How did the monkeys react to receiving unequal rewards?

    The monkey that received cucumber threw it back in protest after seeing its partner receive grapes.

  • Why was the experiment videotaped with new monkeys?

    To see if monkeys unfamiliar with the task would have a stronger reaction to inequity.

  • What does the monkey's reaction symbolize according to the speaker?

    The reaction was likened to a Wall Street protest, indicating discontent with unequal treatment.

  • Was the cucumber accepted by the monkeys initially?

    Yes, the first piece of cucumber was accepted and eaten by the monkey.

  • How did the test conditions ensure the monkeys were aware of the unequal treatment?

    Monkeys were placed side by side and could see what reward their partner received.

  • What is the significance of this fairness study?

    It highlights how non-human animals can understand and react to fairness and inequity.

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  • 00:00:00
    so a final experiment that I want to
  • 00:00:02
    mention to you is our fairness study and
  • 00:00:05
    so this this became a very famous study
  • 00:00:08
    and there's now many more because after
  • 00:00:10
    we did this about 10 years ago uh it
  • 00:00:12
    became very well known and we did that
  • 00:00:14
    originally with capuchin monkeys and I'm
  • 00:00:16
    going to show you the first experiment
  • 00:00:18
    that we did it has now been done with
  • 00:00:20
    dogs and with birds and with chimpanzees
  • 00:00:24
    umizara Blossom we started out with
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    capuchin monkeys
  • 00:00:28
    so what we did is we put two capuchin
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    monkeys side by side again these animals
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    they live in a group they know each
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    other we take them out of the group put
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    them in a test chamber and there's a
  • 00:00:39
    very simple task that they need to do
  • 00:00:40
    and if you give both of them cucumber
  • 00:00:43
    for the task the two monkeys side by
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    side they're perfectly willing to do
  • 00:00:47
    this 25 times in a row so cucumber even
  • 00:00:49
    though it's really only water in my
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    opinion but cucumber is perfectly fine
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    for them now if you give the partner
  • 00:00:56
    grapes the food preferences of my
  • 00:00:59
    capuchin monkeys correspond exactly with
  • 00:01:01
    the prices in the supermarket and so if
  • 00:01:04
    you give them grapes it's a far better
  • 00:01:05
    food than you create inequity between
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    them
  • 00:01:09
    so that's the experiment we did recently
  • 00:01:11
    we videotaped it with new monkeys who
  • 00:01:13
    had never done the task is thinking that
  • 00:01:15
    maybe they would have a stronger
  • 00:01:16
    reaction and that turned out to be right
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    the one on the left is a monkey who gets
  • 00:01:20
    cucumber the one on the right is the one
  • 00:01:22
    who gets scrapes the one who gets
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    cucumber note that the first piece of
  • 00:01:26
    cucumber is perfectly fine the first
  • 00:01:28
    piece he eats
  • 00:01:29
    and then she sees the other one getting
  • 00:01:31
    grape and you will see what happens
  • 00:01:33
    so she gives a rock to us that's the
  • 00:01:35
    task and we give her a piece of cucumber
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    and she eats it the other one needs to
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    give a rock to us
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    and that's what she does
  • 00:01:45
    and she gets a grape
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    and she said the other one sees that
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    she gives a rock to verse now gets again
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    cucumber
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    she tests her Rock now against the wall
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    she needs to give it to us
  • 00:02:17
    and she gets cucumber again
  • 00:02:29
    so this is basically the Wall Street
  • 00:02:31
    protest that you see here
标签
  • Fairness Study
  • Capuchin Monkeys
  • Experiment
  • Inequity
  • Animal Behavior
  • Grapes vs Cucumber
  • Protest Reaction
  • Non-Human Animals
  • Task Reward
  • Social Behavior