System Response Characteristics

00:07:34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Euly5rHtex4

摘要

TLDRIn this lecture, control systems are explored through the analysis of system response characteristics. The lecture distinguishes between the input (stimulus) to a control system and the output (response), explaining that the difference between actual and desired responses represents the error of the control system. Using an elevator as an example, it illustrates how input commands are instantaneous but outputs are gradual, leading to both transient and steady-state responses. Transient response occurs during the time the system adjusts to input, while steady-state response is reached when the system stabilizes. The lecturer emphasizes the importance of understanding input-output variations and introduces the concept of steady-state error, setting up future discussions on configuring control systems effectively.

心得

  • 📊 System response characteristics are crucial in control systems.
  • ⬆️ Transient response occurs before reaching steady-state.
  • 🔄 Steady-state response is when the system stabilizes.
  • ⚠️ Input changes instantaneously; output is gradual.
  • 🏢 Elevator example illustrates input-output differences.
  • ❓ Steady-state error is the difference in expected vs. actual output.
  • 🛠️ Configurations can help reduce steady-state errors.
  • 🔍 Two configurations: open-loop and closed-loop systems.
  • ⏳ Understanding response types aids in system design.
  • 📚 Upcoming lectures will delve deeper into system configurations.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:34

    In this lecture, we delve into system response characteristics within control systems. Building on the previous lecture's introduction, we explore the difference between input (desired response) and output (actual response), identifying the error in a control system. The lecture employs a practical example of an elevator moving from the ground to the fourth floor, illustrating the difference between instantaneous input and gradual output. The elevator's response is analyzed graphically, highlighting two phases: the transient response, where the system is in transition, and the steady-state response, where the system stabilizes at the final output. We also touch on steady-state error, using the elevator's floor leveling accuracy as an example. The summary concludes by setting the stage for the next lecture, which will cover open-loop and closed-loop system configurations.

思维导图

视频问答

  • What is the transient response?

    The transient response refers to the short interval of time during which a control system is actively working to generate an output after an input command.

  • What is the steady-state response?

    The steady-state response is the output of a control system once it has stabilized and reached its desired condition.

  • Why is there a difference between actual and desired response in a control system?

    The difference arises because inputs are instantaneous while outputs change gradually, leading to a response that may not match the input immediately.

  • What causes steady-state errors?

    Steady-state errors occur when the actual response deviates slightly from the desired response after the system has stabilized.

  • What are the two main types of system configurations?

    The two main types of system configurations are open-loop and closed-loop systems.

  • What will be discussed in the next lecture?

    The next lecture will cover system configurations, including open-loop and closed-loop systems.

  • Can steady-state errors be acceptable?

    Yes, in some cases steady-state errors are acceptable, while in others it is necessary to reduce them through system configurations.

  • How is system output graphically represented?

    System output is represented on a graph with time on the x-axis and the output or response on the y-axis.

查看更多视频摘要

即时访问由人工智能支持的免费 YouTube 视频摘要！
字幕
en
自动滚动:
  • 00:00:05
    hello everyone and welcome to the next
  • 00:00:08
    lecture of control systems in this
  • 00:00:10
    lecture we will discuss the system
  • 00:00:11
    response characteristics in the previous
  • 00:00:14
    lecture we discussed the introduction to
  • 00:00:16
    control systems and we also had
  • 00:00:18
    discussion on the block diagram of
  • 00:00:20
    control system and we know that if this
  • 00:00:22
    is the block diagram of any control
  • 00:00:24
    system then on this side we have the
  • 00:00:27
    input or the stimulus to the system and
  • 00:00:29
    this is the desired response that we
  • 00:00:31
    born from the system on this side we
  • 00:00:34
    have the output or the response of the
  • 00:00:36
    system to this particular input and this
  • 00:00:38
    is the actual response that we get from
  • 00:00:41
    the system after the process is done and
  • 00:00:43
    we also know that the difference between
  • 00:00:46
    the actual response and the desired
  • 00:00:48
    response is the error of control system
  • 00:00:51
    now in this lecture we will discuss the
  • 00:00:53
    variation of output with respect to the
  • 00:00:55
    input in a graphical manner and we call
  • 00:00:58
    it as the system response
  • 00:00:59
    characteristics and we also discuss the
  • 00:01:02
    factors due to which an output vary with
  • 00:01:04
    respect to the input and we will also
  • 00:01:07
    have the discussion on the procedure
  • 00:01:08
    that a control system undergoes in order
  • 00:01:11
    to generate an output so let's start
  • 00:01:13
    with the help of an example suppose we
  • 00:01:16
    are at the ground floor of a building
  • 00:01:18
    and we wish to move to the fourth floor
  • 00:01:20
    of that building then in that case we
  • 00:01:22
    will enter to an elevator and we will
  • 00:01:24
    push the fourth floor button inside it
  • 00:01:27
    and in response to that the elevator
  • 00:01:29
    will start moving upwards gradually and
  • 00:01:31
    after some time it will reach to the
  • 00:01:34
    fourth floor now we can represent this
  • 00:01:37
    phenomena with the help of this
  • 00:01:39
    particular graph in which the y-axis
  • 00:01:41
    represents the elevator location and the
  • 00:01:44
    x-axis represents the time taken by the
  • 00:01:47
    elevator in order to reach to the fourth
  • 00:01:49
    floor the push to the fourth floor
  • 00:01:51
    button is the input which is represented
  • 00:01:54
    as a step command and in response to
  • 00:01:56
    that the movement of elevator from the
  • 00:01:59
    ground floor to the fourth floor is the
  • 00:02:01
    elevator response now we can observe
  • 00:02:04
    that the elevator response is quite
  • 00:02:06
    different than the input command and
  • 00:02:08
    this is due to two factors that make the
  • 00:02:11
    output different from the input and the
  • 00:02:13
    first factor is
  • 00:02:14
    input changes instantaneously but the
  • 00:02:17
    output changes gradually when we enter
  • 00:02:21
    inside the elevator and we pushed the
  • 00:02:23
    fourth-floor button then the input
  • 00:02:25
    changes in an instant but in response to
  • 00:02:28
    that the movement of elevator takes some
  • 00:02:31
    time in order to reach to the fourth
  • 00:02:33
    floor we all know that the elevator
  • 00:02:35
    can't directly jump from the ground
  • 00:02:37
    floor to the fourth floor it has to
  • 00:02:39
    cross the first floor in the second
  • 00:02:41
    floor the third floor and then after
  • 00:02:43
    that finally it reaches to the fourth
  • 00:02:45
    floor and that's why it takes some time
  • 00:02:48
    and due to this the output response or
  • 00:02:51
    the elevator response is quite gradual
  • 00:02:53
    in nature the similar thing happens with
  • 00:02:57
    any control system whenever we apply any
  • 00:02:59
    input command the input is instantaneous
  • 00:03:02
    in nature that is the desired response
  • 00:03:04
    is instantaneous in nature but the
  • 00:03:08
    output of any control system is gradual
  • 00:03:10
    in nature because the control system has
  • 00:03:13
    to do some work in order to generate
  • 00:03:15
    that output and that's why the output
  • 00:03:18
    response or the actual response of
  • 00:03:20
    control system is quite different than
  • 00:03:22
    the input now we can observe one more
  • 00:03:25
    thing in this elevator response that it
  • 00:03:28
    is having two different versions the
  • 00:03:30
    first version starts from the ground
  • 00:03:32
    floor that is the origin to this
  • 00:03:34
    particular point up to which the
  • 00:03:36
    elevator has not finally reached to the
  • 00:03:38
    4th floor that is it is continuously
  • 00:03:40
    moving upwards and in the second version
  • 00:03:43
    it is finally reached to the 4th floor
  • 00:03:45
    and it has stopped we can say in this
  • 00:03:48
    particular version of the graph the
  • 00:03:50
    control system is doing some work in
  • 00:03:51
    order to generate an output but in this
  • 00:03:54
    version the control system has done its
  • 00:03:57
    work and it has generated the output so
  • 00:03:59
    we can see that this particular response
  • 00:04:01
    lasts for a short interval of time in
  • 00:04:04
    which any control system do some work in
  • 00:04:07
    order to generate the output and this
  • 00:04:09
    particular response that lasts for a
  • 00:04:11
    short interval of time is called as the
  • 00:04:13
    transient response in the language of
  • 00:04:16
    control systems whereas this particular
  • 00:04:20
    response in which the control system is
  • 00:04:22
    finally stopped or we can say the system
  • 00:04:24
    has reached to the steady state is
  • 00:04:26
    called as the
  • 00:04:28
    a state response of control system this
  • 00:04:31
    is the response when the control system
  • 00:04:33
    has finally reached to the steady state
  • 00:04:35
    or we can say the final output has been
  • 00:04:38
    generated by the control system in this
  • 00:04:41
    case the output is the movement of
  • 00:04:43
    elevator or the position of elevator in
  • 00:04:45
    front of the fourth floor level of the
  • 00:04:47
    building so now we have understood that
  • 00:04:50
    this particular response lasts for a
  • 00:04:52
    short interval of time and we call this
  • 00:04:54
    response as the transient response and
  • 00:04:56
    this response is a permanent response of
  • 00:04:59
    system and we call this response as the
  • 00:05:01
    steady-state response because the system
  • 00:05:04
    has reached to the steady state but
  • 00:05:06
    there is one more factor that can differ
  • 00:05:08
    the output from the input in the steady
  • 00:05:11
    state of the system and this is the
  • 00:05:13
    accuracy of the system at steady state
  • 00:05:15
    in our example this corresponds to the
  • 00:05:18
    floor leveling accuracy of the elevator
  • 00:05:20
    when we push the fourth floor button of
  • 00:05:23
    the building we desired the elevator to
  • 00:05:25
    be in front of the fourth floor level of
  • 00:05:27
    the building but in response to that the
  • 00:05:29
    elevator is slightly below the fourth
  • 00:05:32
    floor level of the building so we can
  • 00:05:34
    say this is the desired response of the
  • 00:05:36
    system and this is the actual response
  • 00:05:38
    of the system which is slightly
  • 00:05:40
    different from the desired response so
  • 00:05:42
    we all know that the difference between
  • 00:05:44
    the actual response and the desired
  • 00:05:46
    response of any control system is the
  • 00:05:48
    error of that control system and we can
  • 00:05:51
    say that this system is now in the
  • 00:05:53
    steady state so the error occurred in
  • 00:05:55
    the steady state can be called as the
  • 00:05:57
    steady-state error in some cases the
  • 00:06:00
    steady-state errors are acceptable but
  • 00:06:02
    in many cases the errors are to be
  • 00:06:04
    reduced and we use certain system
  • 00:06:06
    configurations in order to reduce the
  • 00:06:08
    steady-state error of any control system
  • 00:06:11
    we will discuss the system
  • 00:06:12
    configurations in the next lecture so up
  • 00:06:15
    to now we have discussed that the
  • 00:06:17
    response of any control system will be
  • 00:06:19
    slightly different from the input and
  • 00:06:21
    this is due to two different reasons the
  • 00:06:24
    first factor is the instantaneous nature
  • 00:06:26
    of the input but the gradual nature of
  • 00:06:28
    the output we also discussed that the
  • 00:06:31
    output has two different versions the
  • 00:06:33
    first version is from this point to this
  • 00:06:36
    particular point that we call as the
  • 00:06:38
    transient response because this response
  • 00:06:40
    lasts for a short interval of
  • 00:06:42
    and in the second version we discussed
  • 00:06:44
    that the system is finally reached to
  • 00:06:46
    the steady-state and we call this
  • 00:06:48
    response as the steady-state response so
  • 00:06:51
    in this lecture we have discussed the
  • 00:06:53
    variation of output with respect to the
  • 00:06:55
    input in a graphical manner and now we
  • 00:06:57
    are done with this lecture in the next
  • 00:06:59
    lecture we will discuss the system
  • 00:07:01
    configurations we will have two system
  • 00:07:03
    configurations one will be the open-loop
  • 00:07:05
    configuration and the other will be the
  • 00:07:07
    closed-loop configuration and on the
  • 00:07:09
    basis of system configuration we will
  • 00:07:11
    have two different types of system one
  • 00:07:14
    will be the open-loop system and the
  • 00:07:16
    other will be the closed-loop system
  • 00:07:18
    thank you for watching this lecture I'll
  • 00:07:20
    end this lecture here see you in the
  • 00:07:21
    next one
  • 00:07:23
    [Applause]
  • 00:07:26
    [Music]
标签
  • control systems
  • system response
  • transient response
  • steady-state response
  • input-output variations
  • steady-state error
  • elevator example
  • system configurations
  • open-loop system
  • closed-loop system