00:00:00
um this is the next genre in literature
00:00:03
that we will learn in our class so it's
00:00:05
pros
00:00:06
and i will tell you about the elements
00:00:08
of fiction
00:00:09
um is the part of that thing that you
00:00:12
will learn for today
00:00:14
yeah let's just start um
00:00:18
okay so what rose is pros comes from the
00:00:22
latin
00:00:23
prosa and oracio okay
00:00:26
which means um straightforward so it's
00:00:29
different from
00:00:31
poetry which means is symbolized into
00:00:35
something else
00:00:36
right pros is straightforward but it
00:00:38
doesn't also mean that it's
00:00:39
straightforward tell you something right
00:00:41
sometimes you have to analyze it as well
00:00:43
but maybe
00:00:44
it's more stressful than compared to the
00:00:46
poetry poem okay
00:00:48
so price is a form of language that has
00:00:51
no formal metrical structure
00:00:53
um yes another source
00:00:56
mentioned that anything that is not
00:00:58
poetry is prose
00:01:00
so that's that's how to differentiate
00:01:03
between these two
00:01:04
genres in literature because they are
00:01:06
two different okay
00:01:09
and let's see the difference so pros and
00:01:11
poetry income
00:01:12
in in comparison so pros it follows
00:01:16
natural patterns
00:01:18
of speech and communication and then it
00:01:21
has grammatical structure
00:01:22
because you have to write it's in
00:01:24
sentence so you have to pay attention
00:01:26
today
00:01:27
to the uh like uh subject verb tenses
00:01:31
capital letters punctuation etc okay
00:01:34
it uses everyday language sentences and
00:01:37
thoughts continues across lines
00:01:39
while poetry it's a traditional
00:01:43
poetry has deliberate patterns such as
00:01:46
rhythm and rhyme
00:01:47
hope is to remember this one so rhythm
00:01:49
is called the
00:01:50
i am big the actylic and
00:01:54
and also there's rhyme and poet in prose
00:01:57
you don't have to consider those things
00:02:00
when
00:02:00
when you write your story okay and then
00:02:04
many poems have formal metrical
00:02:05
structure
00:02:06
you
00:02:18
and then incorporate more figurative
00:02:20
language approach has
00:02:22
can have figurative language as well but
00:02:24
as not much
00:02:26
as is not as much as in
00:02:29
poem of course so poems visually stand
00:02:31
out on a page with narrow columns
00:02:33
varying line lengths
00:02:35
and more white space on a page than pros
00:02:38
and deliberate line breaks so in pros
00:02:40
you write
00:02:42
or you write your writing in the whole
00:02:46
page while in poetry you may
00:02:48
deliberately you may
00:02:50
intentionally cut your sentence and put
00:02:53
them into different lines
00:02:55
because you want to give some kind of
00:02:56
effect to the reader
00:02:58
but in prose you cannot do that okay
00:03:02
now common types of pros so there is
00:03:05
what we call non-fictional prose
00:03:07
uh non-fiction means it should be based
00:03:10
on data
00:03:11
factual account information and it's in
00:03:14
the form of textbooks
00:03:15
newspapers articles biography manuals
00:03:18
and etc
00:03:19
okay so it can be categorized as
00:03:21
non-fictional pros
00:03:22
well the second one is fictional process
00:03:25
this one is the most popular one of
00:03:27
course
00:03:27
you are very familiar with this one and
00:03:30
it has
00:03:32
uh elements like characters plot setting
00:03:35
and etc
00:03:35
and this type of process is our focus on
00:03:40
our subject okay and there is harry
00:03:42
potter's
00:03:43
which is in the form of legends or
00:03:45
fables we talk it talks about
00:03:47
hero of course and then there is prose
00:03:50
poetry actually this is poetry but that
00:03:52
instead of using verse
00:03:54
it is written like a prose okay but then
00:03:58
it maintaining poetic qualities
00:04:00
so that's pretty poetry let's just
00:04:04
see the elements of fiction because this
00:04:07
is what we will focus on our subject
00:04:10
here i will give you six elements the
00:04:12
first one is what we call
00:04:14
setting so setting is the place
00:04:18
and the time of a story
00:04:21
so it's not only about place but it's
00:04:23
also about time okay
00:04:24
and you can find out about the setting
00:04:28
not only because it is mentioned in the
00:04:31
in the story like in the afternoon
00:04:34
in may on monday for example no but you
00:04:37
can find the setting
00:04:40
throughout the story okay you can see
00:04:42
the setting from the furniture
00:04:44
from the scenery if it's uh sunset for
00:04:46
example then it means it's in the
00:04:48
afternoon
00:04:49
if it's dark with stars and moon that
00:04:51
means it's at night okay
00:04:53
and then or maybe if you see big ben
00:04:56
that means it's in london okay it's in
00:04:58
england
00:05:00
that's how you find about setting
00:05:02
transportation
00:05:03
clothing so the way people dress
00:05:07
in victory and age of course will be
00:05:09
different with the way people a
00:05:11
people dress in middle age for example
00:05:16
so that's you can find what's happening
00:05:20
functions of setting so when you write a
00:05:22
story
00:05:23
you have to be carefully considered by
00:05:27
this happening because
00:05:28
setting is not just accidentally written
00:05:31
it
00:05:31
has purpose okay
00:05:34
it can create a mood or atmosphere so
00:05:37
for example
00:05:38
you want to create someone who is in
00:05:40
desperate
00:05:41
of course you will not put her in a like
00:05:44
in the market for example you will put
00:05:46
her in
00:05:47
in some kind of space
00:05:50
maybe for example dark wine silent one
00:05:53
with not many people because he needs to
00:05:55
like uh think of many things
00:05:59
that's okay that might happen okay of
00:06:01
course and also you may use
00:06:03
night middle middle of the night is the
00:06:06
time to create the atmosphere
00:06:10
you can use that okay and then to show
00:06:12
reader different way of life
00:06:14
okay you for example that person your
00:06:16
protagonist is someone
00:06:18
who has uh apaya
00:06:22
who has so many
00:06:26
uh let's say he's not rich okay let's
00:06:28
say he is not rich of course you will
00:06:30
give him a house which is not big okay
00:06:34
you will give him small house with with
00:06:37
less furniture
00:06:38
with uh maybe only two two room
00:06:42
bedrooms for example okay so that that's
00:06:44
because you want to
00:06:45
show the reader that he's not rich and
00:06:47
he is struggling with his life
00:06:49
okay or meet my action seems more real
00:06:52
to be source of conflict or struggle to
00:06:54
symbolize an idea
00:06:55
you choose okay when you write a story
00:06:57
for example
00:06:59
the next one is mood so mood is the
00:07:02
feeling that the author tries to convey
00:07:03
throughout the story and you can
00:07:05
find it through the setting okay you can
00:07:08
see the picture
00:07:09
on the uh on the slide okay so that's
00:07:13
someone who is walking along
00:07:15
alone hey is in the train station but
00:07:17
there is no one there
00:07:18
okay it's a train station but no one is
00:07:20
there
00:07:21
maybe perhaps all of them has been uh
00:07:24
has
00:07:25
boarded on the train but you're saying
00:07:28
because
00:07:29
the the author wants to tell you about
00:07:32
the mood that he's
00:07:33
alone that he might feel stressed for
00:07:35
example or maybe he
00:07:38
he is thinking something very heavy
00:07:41
like he's having a problem for example
00:07:43
that's why he
00:07:44
put it in that kind of setting to create
00:07:47
that mood
00:07:48
okay
00:07:51
next one is characters so yeah
00:07:53
characters are the person animals and
00:07:55
things participating in a story there
00:07:57
will be no story with no characters of
00:07:59
course
00:08:00
so there and there in the slide they are
00:08:03
the characters of
00:08:05
inola holmes you know enola holmes and
00:08:08
alums
00:08:09
movie i hope you have watched that movie
00:08:12
okay it's interesting movie um
00:08:15
so they are brother and sisters that
00:08:18
does that is sherlock holmes i
00:08:20
i believe all of you some of you have
00:08:23
uh have presented
00:08:26
about charlotte's sorry sir arthur conan
00:08:29
doyles
00:08:30
who is the writer of the creator of
00:08:33
sherlock holmes you have if you know
00:08:36
what the story about him then
00:08:38
you probably want to watch this one but
00:08:40
this is not a story
00:08:41
about him this is a story of his sister
00:08:44
okay
00:08:46
types of characters there are many types
00:08:48
of characters
00:08:49
um two of them that you already familiar
00:08:53
is protagonist
00:08:54
and antagonist of course you know that
00:08:55
protagonist is the good one antagonist
00:08:57
is the bad one
00:08:58
uh i'm sorry i do not put that in the
00:09:00
slide and and assume that of
00:09:03
that you already familiar with this too
00:09:05
okay
00:09:06
so here i give you some of the
00:09:08
unfamiliar one for example
00:09:10
i hope the first one is called dynamic
00:09:13
character
00:09:14
so this character changes over the
00:09:16
course of the story
00:09:18
and the second one is round character so
00:09:21
it's
00:09:22
actually these two are similar the
00:09:24
difference is
00:09:25
round character shows capacity for
00:09:29
change from the moment we meet them
00:09:31
while dynamic character um he
00:09:34
changes but not from the beginning
00:09:38
so he may stay same until
00:09:41
let's say what the climax and then
00:09:44
something happened and then he changed
00:09:45
it so that's dynamic character okay so
00:09:48
it's different from
00:09:49
round character and there is static
00:09:52
character
00:09:53
static stuckman okay so it's flattened
00:09:56
one
00:09:57
so yesterday he was a feeling today he
00:10:00
is feeling
00:10:01
tomorrow he's still a feeling so that's
00:10:03
steady character so it doesn't change
00:10:06
the second the fourth one is confident
00:10:08
character so confident character
00:10:10
is the best friend or the sidekick of
00:10:13
the protagonist so he knows about the
00:10:15
protagonist very well
00:10:16
so it's like hermione in harry potter
00:10:19
okay
00:10:20
there is also deuteronomists
00:10:22
deuterogenes
00:10:23
deuterogenist is a character is similar
00:10:26
to
00:10:26
confidence but the difference is
00:10:31
history is not corresponding directly to
00:10:34
the main plot uh so hermione story is
00:10:38
of course is corresponding directly to
00:10:41
the main plot
00:10:42
but uh for deuterogenes for example same
00:10:45
ways
00:10:46
same wise genji in the lord of the ring
00:10:50
history is not related directly to the
00:10:52
plot so
00:10:54
he is categorized as one example of
00:10:56
deuteronomy
00:10:57
in literature okay you know
00:11:00
samus gamja right he is
00:11:04
someone who accompanied frodo
00:11:07
and the story of the lord of the ring
00:11:11
of course you have watched the movie
00:11:14
i hope okay the next one the last one is
00:11:18
foil character
00:11:19
so foil is someone who brings the
00:11:22
protagonist
00:11:23
qualities he's not exactly a villain he
00:11:25
can be someone bad but not exactly the
00:11:28
main villain of the story
00:11:29
so for example in harry potter is draco
00:11:33
malfoy
00:11:34
okay so uh the existence of draco's
00:11:38
show that harry has some kind of traits
00:11:42
appear every time he con
00:11:45
confronted with uh dragon morpho okay so
00:11:48
that's
00:11:48
foil character the next one
00:11:52
is blood okay
00:11:56
plot is the organized pattern or
00:11:58
sequence of events that make up a story
00:12:00
this is a very important one if the plot
00:12:02
is not interesting then
00:12:04
people will start reading okay so make
00:12:06
sure you plot
00:12:07
if you want to write a story you make
00:12:09
sure you write
00:12:11
a different one an interesting one for
00:12:14
example if you can make the original one
00:12:16
then what that would be better
00:12:19
so there are parts of a plot the first
00:12:22
one is
00:12:23
the exposition is a kind of introduction
00:12:26
in this
00:12:27
part of the plot the author
00:12:30
introducing the character
00:12:34
the setting and also the the problem the
00:12:37
conflict
00:12:38
of the story so for example in in
00:12:41
a harry potter harry potter and
00:12:45
the sorcerer's stone rolling introducing
00:12:49
introduced harry baby hurry and
00:12:52
the very first chapter so he was brought
00:12:55
by heart rate and a big motorcycle
00:12:58
and then you were introduced
00:13:02
with the villain someone who killed
00:13:04
harry's parents
00:13:05
his name is not maybe mentioned directly
00:13:08
voldemort but he we know that
00:13:10
his name is you know who someone who
00:13:13
must not be named
00:13:14
someone who people is scared of
00:13:17
so that's uh that's the introduction
00:13:21
and also there are settings i think
00:13:22
there is
00:13:24
harry's uncle's house okay so that's the
00:13:27
setting and also the problem that is
00:13:29
introduced to us and okay we are
00:13:31
introduced that the villain the
00:13:33
voldemort
00:13:34
killed harry's parents but then when he
00:13:36
tried when he
00:13:37
attempted to kill harry he couldn't
00:13:40
the curse back the curse attacked
00:13:44
him and make him lost
00:13:48
his body so that's the kind of
00:13:50
introduction so we know that
00:13:52
harry one day will encounter
00:13:55
voldemort and then fight one to one
00:13:59
with him that's one day but we already
00:14:02
got a brave
00:14:03
introduction about the main plot okay
00:14:06
next after exposition is the rising
00:14:09
action
00:14:09
so there is there are some actions of
00:14:12
course there are some events of course
00:14:13
that lead the protagonist unto the
00:14:15
climax of the story
00:14:17
if we talk about noble then the rising
00:14:19
action part will be longer
00:14:21
because noble has many pages novel has
00:14:25
hundreds of pages okay so these
00:14:28
rising actions help will not help but
00:14:31
lead the protagonist to the climax
00:14:35
um saying harry potter for example
00:14:38
so it started with harry knew that he
00:14:41
was a wizard and then he went to
00:14:42
hogwarts
00:14:43
he met ron hermione he fought with
00:14:46
trolls he
00:14:48
was uh punished in uh
00:14:51
forbidden forest he made heart rate and
00:14:53
etc
00:14:54
until then it is the climax when he
00:14:58
uh faced professor quirrell
00:15:01
uh with voldemort okay so that's the
00:15:04
climax one because it's
00:15:05
professor quirrell is the one who uh
00:15:08
caused many incidents in rising action
00:15:11
okay
00:15:13
so that's the climax the tony the
00:15:15
turning point of the story so the
00:15:16
position is
00:15:17
at the top of the diagram okay
00:15:21
and then there is falling action so poly
00:15:23
action is one
00:15:24
that leads to resolution so um
00:15:27
the falling action for example when aft
00:15:29
after harry defeated
00:15:31
voldemort once again and then he was
00:15:34
treated
00:15:35
in the hospital and then dumbledore came
00:15:37
to see
00:15:38
him and told him about the mirror
00:15:42
about his parents for the first time and
00:15:45
yeah so for the first time he knew about
00:15:48
his parents okay
00:15:49
so that's the lead to the resolution and
00:15:51
the resolution one is
00:15:53
we know that harry will go back to his
00:15:56
uncle's house
00:15:58
that's the resolution so everything is
00:16:00
calming down
00:16:02
everything is not um
00:16:06
yeah everything is cold now so there is
00:16:07
no more conflict
00:16:09
in the resolution okay so that parts of
00:16:12
a plot so in the resolution you know how
00:16:13
the story ends whether it's
00:16:15
and whether it ends happily or or it
00:16:18
has open ending so that's the resolution
00:16:21
part
00:16:24
um oh yeah for the parts of the plot
00:16:26
actually
00:16:27
if you have a novel in your house right
00:16:29
now you can go and check
00:16:31
uh for the first introduction the first
00:16:33
chapter
00:16:35
how the author the author introduced
00:16:38
the exposition part how how the in the
00:16:41
the author of the novel
00:16:42
what kind of information that is given
00:16:44
to you in the introduction part
00:16:47
um and you think of yourself is it
00:16:50
interesting enough to make you keep
00:16:51
reading the story until the end because
00:16:54
for me the the first time
00:16:55
i read i read the harry potter and the
00:16:58
sorcerer's stone
00:16:59
i kept i i was
00:17:02
hooked okay right the first time right
00:17:05
at the first time
00:17:06
it's because i am interested oh who is
00:17:08
who and who
00:17:09
you know who who is we don't know i mean
00:17:12
why people
00:17:13
really scared of scared to say his name
00:17:16
for example
00:17:16
and then what kind of live is harry
00:17:19
will have in in in his uncle's house
00:17:23
because
00:17:23
in the introduction i remember that
00:17:26
hagrid
00:17:27
asked minerva minerva one of the teacher
00:17:30
in hogwarts that are you sure to put
00:17:33
harry
00:17:34
in this house okay sorry minerva asked
00:17:37
dumbledore if i'm a mistake he's she
00:17:40
asked that
00:17:41
are you sure to let this family raised
00:17:44
harry the one who had bring who had
00:17:48
brought
00:17:48
down voldemort so that kind of
00:17:51
information made me chris what kind of
00:17:53
family is
00:17:54
uncle vernon what kind of family uncle
00:17:56
vernon is
00:17:57
and what kind of history that harry's
00:17:59
parents have
00:18:01
that make voldemort
00:18:05
haunted his family and then kill them
00:18:09
so that kind of introduction really
00:18:11
makes me curious to start the story you
00:18:13
know what about
00:18:14
the novel that you have in your house
00:18:16
did you
00:18:18
did it make you interesting and
00:18:21
interested to continue reading the story
00:18:24
check it by yourself okay
00:18:26
the next one is conflict yes so there is
00:18:29
a conflict
00:18:29
of course in the plot which is between
00:18:32
protagonists antagonists and this
00:18:34
conflict has to be solved
00:18:36
um the conflict can be external can be
00:18:39
internal
00:18:40
the external means the conflict is
00:18:43
between the protagonist with someone
00:18:45
else
00:18:45
individually or maybe in a group or
00:18:48
maybe
00:18:48
you know between him and the
00:18:51
organization or even between him and the
00:18:53
nature
00:18:54
or animals okay uh while internal means
00:18:58
the character uh the protagonist has
00:19:01
some kind of inner conflict between him
00:19:04
and his own mind okay so that's the
00:19:08
example of internal conflict
00:19:11
the next one is point of view so there
00:19:14
are two point of view
00:19:15
the first one is um
00:19:18
first point of view and then third part
00:19:21
percent point of view there is actually
00:19:24
second person point of view but i don't
00:19:26
write it here because it we
00:19:27
rarely find a story written in
00:19:31
second person point of view because in
00:19:33
which means uh the narrator the author
00:19:35
will
00:19:36
talk directly to the to the reader when
00:19:38
they use that
00:19:40
kind of point of view because it you
00:19:42
will they will use
00:19:43
you in the story and there is no story i
00:19:46
don't think
00:19:47
like that okay and the first person
00:19:50
point of view which means
00:19:52
the author the narrator will use
00:19:55
pronouns
00:19:56
i me we in the story
00:19:59
so it make the reader feels like he or
00:20:02
she
00:20:03
is a part of the story okay while third
00:20:06
person point of view
00:20:08
uh make the narrator the reader
00:20:12
uh make the narrator of the author an
00:20:14
outside person okay so
00:20:16
just imagine that the story happened in
00:20:19
some kind of
00:20:20
box and the narrator observed
00:20:23
what happening what is happening from
00:20:25
outside the box
00:20:26
okay so that third person point of view
00:20:29
and it is
00:20:29
kind of its characteristic as using he
00:20:32
she
00:20:36
third-person point of view itself has
00:20:38
three types the first one is called the
00:20:40
objective third person
00:20:42
uh in this objective third percent the
00:20:45
author
00:20:46
the narrator know nothing knows nothing
00:20:48
about
00:20:49
what the characters feels or what the
00:20:51
character is thinking
00:20:53
okay we just know for example like this
00:20:56
we just know that the person is
00:20:57
sad because we see him crying
00:21:00
we see her crying we see her
00:21:04
cornering herself in her room
00:21:07
we see her put her we see her let's say
00:21:11
we see her settle on in the middle of
00:21:15
the night
00:21:16
with uh swollen eyes for example
00:21:19
so we conclude that she is sad she is
00:21:22
having a bad day
00:21:23
from what we see outside not from what
00:21:27
her inner thought so that's the
00:21:29
objective third person
00:21:31
while third person limited means we know
00:21:34
what
00:21:34
that what the person is feeling we know
00:21:36
what the person is thinking but only
00:21:38
from one character
00:21:40
so for example we know that she is sad
00:21:42
not only from
00:21:44
her outer how her external appearance
00:21:48
but we also
00:21:49
hear what she is thinking okay for
00:21:53
example
00:21:53
when we we know that she is
00:21:56
blaming herself in her head we know
00:21:59
something like that
00:22:00
but it's only her thought that we know
00:22:03
we don't know what
00:22:06
her around people people around her
00:22:09
thinking we don't know so that the third
00:22:11
person limited
00:22:12
third person omniscient we mean it means
00:22:15
we all the narrator know
00:22:17
all characters minds all characters
00:22:21
feelings so that third percent
00:22:23
omniscient
00:22:24
uh here is some uh
00:22:28
exercise i give you i will ask you about
00:22:31
this letter
00:22:31
you can check read it again in the file
00:22:34
that i sent in the group
00:22:35
the last one is them so theme is a
00:22:37
central general message of the main idea
00:22:40
controlling topic of about life and
00:22:44
it can also be the practical lessons or
00:22:46
the moral that we learn from the story
00:22:48
that we read
00:22:49
for example in the harry potter and the
00:22:51
sorcerer's stone
00:22:52
so the theme is about humility about
00:22:55
rebellion or maybe the dangers of desire
00:22:58
yes the theme is not only one well it's
00:23:01
a novel
00:23:01
it's not a five six pages story so it's
00:23:05
hundred pages of story
00:23:07
um so the theme can be more than one
00:23:10
okay you can find
00:23:11
you can find more than one theme in one
00:23:13
uh one story of a novel
00:23:15
it can happen okay so well i guess
00:23:19
that's
00:23:19
all what i can say what i can tell you
00:23:22
about pros and
00:23:23
the elements of fiction today i really
00:23:25
hope you understand what i said if you
00:23:27
have a question you can ask
00:23:29
in the group thank you
