Present Perfect or Past Simple? - English Grammar lesson

00:08:32
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T09u75kiKGc

摘要

TLDRLa vidéo aborde la distinction entre le présent parfait et le passé simple en anglais à travers le prisme du temps et de l'expérience. Le passé simple est utilisé pour des événements précis, terminés et datés dans le passé, comme "I went out with Maria last night". En revanche, le présent parfait sert à exprimer des expériences sans spécifier de moment précis, par exemple "I've kissed Maria too", signifiant simplement qu'on a l'expérience. Le présent parfait est aussi utilisé pour indiquer des actions ayant commencé dans le passé et se prolongeant jusqu'à maintenant, illustré par "But we've been together for a month". La vidéo explique aussi que le temps n'a pas besoin d'être mentionné pour le passé simple si l'événement est complétement achevé. Enfin, un exemple poignant est donné pour souligner l'impact émotionnel entre les deux temps : "How long have you had a dog?" (avec le chien toujours vivant) contre "How long did you have a dog?" (le chien est décédé). L'importance de la nuance dans le choix du temps est également soulignée, précisant comment ils reflètent notre vision de la situation.

心得

  • 🕒 Le passé simple est utilisé pour des actions passées spécifiques.
  • ⏳ Le présent parfait exprime des expériences sans préciser le temps.
  • 📜 Utilisation du passé simple pour des détails temporels précis.
  • 🇬🇧 Conjuguer au présent parfait avec "have/has" + participe passé.
  • 🔄 Le présent parfait pour des actions du passé qui continuent maintenant.
  • ❌ "I've never" pour indiquer l'absence d'une expérience.
  • 🔍 Différence entre action répétée et action achevée dans le choix du temps.
  • 💬 Importance de la nuance en anglais dans le choix des temps.
  • 🐶 Exemple poignant avec un chien pour mémoriser la différence des temps.
  • ✍️ Pratique suggérée avec des questions dans les commentaires.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:08:32

    La différence entre le present perfect et le past simple est souvent source de confusion. La clé pour comprendre ces deux temps réside dans le temps et l'expérience. Lorsqu'on parle d'un événement passé avec un moment précis, on utilise le past simple (ex. : "I went out last night"). Cependant, lorsqu'il s'agit de partager une expérience sans détailler le moment, on utilise le present perfect (ex. : "I've kissed Maria"). En anglais, les contractions rendent le discours plus naturel. Une distinction importante est de parler de la fréquence des actions : si on prévoit de répéter l'action à l'avenir, on utilise le present perfect (ex. : "I've kissed Maria five times"), mais si c'est une expérience terminée, on peut utiliser le past simple même en parlant du nombre de fois (ex. : "I only kissed Maria once"). Enfin, pour exprimer la durée d'une action du passé au présent, le present perfect est utilisé (ex. : "We've been together for a month"), tandis que pour une période terminée dans le passé, le past simple est de mise (ex. : "I dated her for a week, last year").

思维导图

Mind Map

常见问题

  • Quelle est la principale différence entre le présent parfait et le passé simple en anglais ?

    La différence principale réside dans le temps et l'expérience. Le passé simple est utilisé pour des actions passées spécifiques et terminées, tandis que le présent parfait est utilisé pour exprimer des expériences sans spécifier le temps.

  • Quand doit-on utiliser le présent parfait ?

    On utilise le présent parfait pour exprimer que l'on a eu une expérience, sans donner de détails sur le moment.

  • Quel exemple est donné pour expliquer l'utilisation du passé simple ?

    "I went out with Maria last night" est donné comme exemple car il s'agit d'une action passée spécifique avec un temps précis.

  • Comment conjugue-t-on les verbes au présent parfait ?

    Au présent parfait, on utilise "have/has" suivi du participe passé du verbe.

  • Pourquoi utilise-t-on le passé simple pour exprimer une action répétée mais finie ?

    On utilise le passé simple lorsque l'action et le temps associé sont conclus et ne se reproduiront probablement pas dans le futur.

  • Quelle est la règle pour parler d'une durée de temps en utilisant le présent parfait ?

    Le présent parfait est utilisé pour une action qui a commencé dans le passé et continue jusqu'à maintenant.

  • Comment la vidéo illustre-t-elle l'utilisation du passé simple avec une durée de temps ?

    Elle donne l'exemple "I dated her for a week, but that was last year" pour illustrer une période finie.

  • Comment peut-on exprimer une expérience passée qu'on n'a jamais eu ?

    En utilisant "I've never" suivi du participe passé du verbe pour indiquer qu'on n'a jamais eu cette expérience.

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  • 00:00:00
    What's the difference between present perfect and past simple?
  • 00:00:03
    This is the most common grammar question I get
  • 00:00:07
    So I want to make it very, very easy so you understand and never forget.
  • 00:00:19
    The easiest way to understand this is in terms of time and experience.
  • 00:00:24
    What do I mean by that?
  • 00:00:25
    For example, something happened in the past, like:
  • 00:00:32
    he's telling his friends about his date last night.
  • 00:00:36
    I went out with Maria last night.
  • 00:00:40
    When we use specific times, specific details, we'll use past simple
  • 00:00:45
    "I WENT out last night"
  • 00:00:48
    but what else happened on this date?
  • 00:00:53
    "We kissed"
  • 00:00:55
    Again, he's using past simple because we know we're talking about last night.
  • 00:00:59
    We don't need to say it again.
  • 00:01:01
    But we do know the specific time, right?
  • 00:01:04
    So past simple
  • 00:01:06
    but then
  • 00:01:11
    and his friends want to say, "Yeah, we have that experience too. You're not special!"
  • 00:01:17
    When you say "I have this experience" you use Present Perfect.
  • 00:01:22
    You're not mentioning details like time or anything.
  • 00:01:26
    You're just saying, "I have this experience."
  • 00:01:30
    That's it.
  • 00:01:31
    Use Present Perfect.
  • 00:01:33
    Yeah. I've kissed Maria, too.
  • 00:01:35
    Okay, just checking.
  • 00:01:36
    We all know the form, right?
  • 00:01:38
    With present perfect, you use "HAVE" with I/you/we/they
  • 00:01:45
    or "HAS" with he/she/it and then verb3, past participle.
  • 00:01:49
    In this case, this is a regular verb.
  • 00:01:51
    So "ED" - Kissed.
  • 00:01:54
    I have kissed Maria too.
  • 00:01:55
    I mean, just remember that contractions
  • 00:01:59
    are always more natural when speaking English.
  • 00:02:04
    Yeah, I've kissed Maria too.
  • 00:02:06
    She also wants to say, Yeah,
  • 00:02:08
    I have this experience, but she won't use Present Perfect. Why?
  • 00:02:13
    Because remember, with a specific time past simple.
  • 00:02:18
    Yeah, I kissed her this morning. You're not special.
  • 00:02:23
    Or if you want to
  • 00:02:24
    say I don't have that experience,
  • 00:02:27
    I've never kissed Maria or I haven't kissed Maria.
  • 00:02:31
    That's fine, too.
  • 00:02:32
    When you say never, it just means in my life.
  • 00:02:36
    So it's really easy.
  • 00:02:37
    You want to say, I have that experience or I don't have that experience Present Perfect.
  • 00:02:44
    I have done this. I haven't done this.
  • 00:02:47
    If you want to say,
  • 00:02:48
    Yeah, I have this experience and this is exactly when you've passed.
  • 00:02:53
    Simple.
  • 00:02:55
    It's really easy.
  • 00:02:56
    It's that easy.
  • 00:02:59
    Okay, I'm lying.
  • 00:03:00
    There's more you want to say how many times you did something until now?
  • 00:03:06
    Like maybe you want to do it again in the future.
  • 00:03:11
    I've kissed Maria five times again.
  • 00:03:14
    Maybe he wants to do it again in the future.
  • 00:03:17
    So he'll use Present Perfect.
  • 00:03:20
    "I've kissed..." (Number of times)
  • 00:03:23
    until now, maybe again in the future.
  • 00:03:27
    However,
  • 00:03:29
    she's also saying the number of times.
  • 00:03:32
    Once until now.
  • 00:03:34
    Yeah. I only kissed Maria once.
  • 00:03:37
    Never again. Yeah, it's not her cup of tea.
  • 00:03:40
    So she counts how many times
  • 00:03:43
    Once. And that's until now.
  • 00:03:46
    However, what's the difference?
  • 00:03:51
    Probably won't happen again.
  • 00:03:52
    So for her, this action and the amount of times is completely in the past.
  • 00:03:59
    That's a finished, finished period.
  • 00:04:01
    Yes, she could use present.
  • 00:04:03
    Perfect, because she's still alive.
  • 00:04:07
    It could happen again.
  • 00:04:09
    But again, like everything in English, we use grammar
  • 00:04:13
    to show how we feel about the situation.
  • 00:04:17
    For her, it's not going to happen again.
  • 00:04:19
    So it's past simple.
  • 00:04:20
    Also, before we continue, can you just press like on this video?
  • 00:04:26
    Thanks. You're a legend.
  • 00:04:27
    I knew I could trust you.
  • 00:04:29
    You just have a trustworthy face! :)
  • 00:04:33
    and finally, length of time.
  • 00:04:35
    This is where you understand everything about the difference.
  • 00:04:39
    Because it's the same rule.
  • 00:04:41
    Again, with this.
  • 00:04:42
    If you want to talk about how long something happens
  • 00:04:45
    from a time in the past until now, for example.
  • 00:04:50
    "But we've been together for a month!"
  • 00:04:53
    Present Perfect. Why?
  • 00:04:55
    Because it's a length of time from the past.
  • 00:04:59
    Until now.
  • 00:05:00
    A month ago, until now.
  • 00:05:03
    But if the time period is in the past,
  • 00:05:06
    it started in the past and finished in the past.
  • 00:05:10
    You want to talk about how long,
  • 00:05:12
    Which grammar form should you use? Exactly! Past Simple!
  • 00:05:16
    You're really good at this.
  • 00:05:20
    "I dated her for a week, but that was last year."
  • 00:05:23
    Past Simple - length of time. Why?
  • 00:05:27
    Because this all happened a year ago.
  • 00:05:29
    It started a year ago in the past and finished in the past.
  • 00:05:34
    That's why we use past simple
  • 00:05:38
    and in fact, we don't need to use this part.
  • 00:05:42
    You don't even need the time reference if you use past simple.
  • 00:05:47
    You're saying this is a past experience and it's completely finished.
  • 00:05:52
    But if you use present perfect,
  • 00:05:55
    you're suggesting at least that it still continues now
  • 00:06:02
    "We've been dating."
  • 00:06:04
    Probably you're still together
  • 00:06:06
    "Yeah, we dated."
  • 00:06:08
    Probably It's finished. Again, though.
  • 00:06:11
    Grammar is not an objective truth.
  • 00:06:14
    It's how we understand and view the world.
  • 00:06:18
    God, that sounds deep. It's not meant to be.
  • 00:06:20
    All right, so to understand everything, let's put this in the question form.
  • 00:06:26
    Okay, this final example, I showed this to my class once,
  • 00:06:30
    and it made everyone sad.
  • 00:06:32
    So sorry in advance.
  • 00:06:35
    But you know what?
  • 00:06:36
    They remembered it and now you will too. So...
  • 00:06:42
    Imagine you see a guy playing with his dog
  • 00:06:45
    and you want to know "How long have you had a dog?"
  • 00:06:49
    And he tells you, "I've had the dog for eight years."
  • 00:06:53
    "He's so cute. I love him. He's everything to me!"
  • 00:06:55
    So you start playing with the dog.
  • 00:06:57
    This is so cute.
  • 00:06:59
    How long have you had the dog?
  • 00:07:01
    From a past time until now.
  • 00:07:04
    Present Perfect.
  • 00:07:10
    The exact same question that we asked here.
  • 00:07:13
    But now in Past Simple.
  • 00:07:15
    "How long did you have a dog?"
  • 00:07:18
    Remember asking "How long...?"
  • 00:07:20
    With a Past Simple means the time is finished.
  • 00:07:25
    "How long...?" with Present Perfect = The dog is alive.
  • 00:07:29
    "How long...?" with Past Simple = The dog is dead.
  • 00:07:32
    Yes, it's sad but now you won't forget.
  • 00:07:35
    So to use everything that we've learned today, for example,
  • 00:07:38
    I have never had a dog, but I've had a cat before.
  • 00:07:44
    I had my cat for like 20 years before it died.
  • 00:07:47
    And again.
  • 00:07:48
    I know it's sad, but your turn to practice in the comments.
  • 00:07:52
    Let me know.
  • 00:07:53
    Have you ever been to London?
  • 00:07:55
    Have you ever had a dog or a cat?
  • 00:07:57
    How long have you worked at your company?
  • 00:08:00
    and have you ever kissed anyone called Maria?
  • 00:08:04
    How many times have you kissed someone called Maria?
  • 00:08:07
    Practice this in the comments or you can practice this in my e-book.
  • 00:08:10
    There's a lesson on this.
  • 00:08:11
    You can get it right now on my Patreon Patreon.com/papateachme
  • 00:08:17
    It's also available on my website papateachme.com
  • 00:08:21
    and I'll see you in the next class! Bye!
标签
  • grammaire anglaise
  • présent parfait
  • passé simple
  • temps
  • expérience
  • conjugaison
  • anglais
  • exemples
  • didactique
  • apprentissage