00:00:00
this is one of the most fortified border
00:00:02
walls anywhere in the world in Gaza
00:00:04
here's a thing though it's not a border
00:00:05
wall with Israel in fact it's gaza's
00:00:08
border wall with Egypt which they're
00:00:10
spending even more money on expanding
00:00:12
and fortifying but why does Egypt a
00:00:14
largely Muslim country needs such a
00:00:17
heavily fortified border with Gaza well
00:00:19
on top of the conflict on the other side
00:00:21
of the Border Egypt and countries like
00:00:23
Jordan have a rather Hardline stand
00:00:26
against accepting Palestinian refugees
00:00:28
the issues of refugees coming to Jordan
00:00:31
and I think I can quite strongly speak
00:00:32
on behalf not only of um um um Jordan as
00:00:36
a nation but of our friends in Egypt
00:00:38
that is a red line no refugees in Jordan
00:00:41
no refugees in Egypt and this stems from
00:00:44
rather severe lessons learned in the
00:00:46
past few decades where previous influxes
00:00:49
of Palestinian refugees and
00:00:50
organizations POS considerable
00:00:52
challenges to their stability and in
00:00:54
some cases Civil Wars from which they
00:00:57
still have not recovered today many
00:00:59
around the World often asks why
00:01:01
countries in the Middle East don't do
00:01:02
more to take in Palestinians in their
00:01:04
own countries well in this video we're
00:01:06
going to be looking at some countries
00:01:08
who did just that and experienc severe
00:01:10
consequences as a result perhaps one of
00:01:13
the most well-known examples of this was
00:01:15
in Kuwait around the time Israel was
00:01:17
established in 1948 Kuwait struck oil
00:01:20
leading to a massive economic boom that
00:01:22
had Grand plans for development and
00:01:24
needed a skilled Workforce to make it
00:01:26
happen Palestinians many of whom were
00:01:28
well educated and skill fit this need
00:01:31
perfectly and move to Kuwait in large
00:01:33
numbers thanks to their significant
00:01:35
contributions to Kuwait's development
00:01:37
Palestinians enjoyed unprecedented
00:01:39
Privileges and rights compared to other
00:01:41
Arab countries at the time the kued
00:01:43
government welcomed them providing
00:01:45
support in various areas the Palestinian
00:01:47
community thrived in qu contributing
00:01:50
significantly to the country's
00:01:51
development while preserving their own
00:01:53
cultural identity however this all
00:01:56
changed in the
00:01:57
1990s good evening it is a prescription
00:02:00
for war this Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
00:02:03
the tiny country that is a primary
00:02:04
source of oil for much of the western
00:02:07
world but tonight the United States the
00:02:09
Soviet Union Israel and other powers are
00:02:12
concentrating on diplomatic and economic
00:02:14
solutions to the surprising and
00:02:16
dangerous development on the 2nd of
00:02:18
August in 1990 Saddam Hussein ordered
00:02:21
the invasion of Kuwait the Iraqi
00:02:23
military swiftly advanc into Kuwait
00:02:26
overpowering the small Kuwaiti Defense
00:02:28
Forces within this two days Iraqi forces
00:02:31
had seized control of Kuwait City and
00:02:33
many of the country the rapid and brutal
00:02:35
Invasion involved widespread looting
00:02:37
there were numerous reports of Human
00:02:39
Rights abusers including summary
00:02:41
executions and mass detentions the
00:02:43
International Community reacted with
00:02:45
immediate and strong condemnation there
00:02:47
is no justification whatsoever for this
00:02:51
outrageous and brutal Act of aggression
00:02:53
the United Nations security Council
00:02:55
swiftly passed resolution 660 demanding
00:02:58
Iraq's immediate betr Ro from Kuwait
00:03:00
despite this Saddam Hussein remained
00:03:03
defined claiming Kuwait as Iraq's 19th
00:03:05
Province so how does Palestine play into
00:03:08
this well the Palestinian Liberation
00:03:10
Organization or the PLO led by yaso
00:03:13
Arafat controversially decided to
00:03:15
support Saddam Hussein's Invasion just
00:03:17
another terrible decision to add to a
00:03:19
long list of terrible decisions made by
00:03:21
Palestinian leaders I guess well the
00:03:24
stance was driven by several factors
00:03:26
including political alliances and the
00:03:28
hope that aligning with irq would
00:03:30
strengthen the Palestinian position
00:03:32
against Israel meanwhile in response to
00:03:34
the Invasion the United States led the
00:03:36
formation of a broad International
00:03:38
Coalition to oppose Iraq's aggression
00:03:40
this Coalition aimed to enforce the un's
00:03:42
resolutions through both diplomatic and
00:03:45
Military means if necessary in a 9,000
00:03:48
IQ strategic move to fracture the
00:03:50
Coalition Iraq fired Scot missiles into
00:03:53
Israel hoping to provoke an Israeli
00:03:55
retaliation Saddam Hussein believed that
00:03:57
if Israel enter the conflict Arab
00:04:00
countries would be forced to withdraw
00:04:02
their support for the Coalition however
00:04:04
Israel under significant pressure from
00:04:06
the United States chose not to retaliate
00:04:09
this restraint maintained the unity of
00:04:11
the Coalition and thwarted saddam's
00:04:13
attempt to destabilize their allines
00:04:15
after months of diplomatic efforts
00:04:17
failed to persuade Iraq to withdraw the
00:04:20
Coalition launched Operation Desert
00:04:21
Storm on January 17 1991 by February
00:04:26
28th just 100 hours after the grand War
00:04:29
began Kuwait was liberated and a seize
00:04:32
fire was declared and as president I can
00:04:35
report to the nation aggression is
00:04:37
defeated the war is
00:04:41
over so what happened to the
00:04:44
Palestinians living in Kuwait who SED
00:04:46
with Saddam well the pl's support for
00:04:48
Iraq led to a severe backlash against
00:04:51
them Kuwaiti saw this as a serious
00:04:53
betrayal and honestly could you blame
00:04:55
them as a result between 200,000 to
00:04:58
250,000
00:04:59
iians were expelled from Kuwait the
00:05:01
expulsion was both direct and indirect
00:05:04
the Kuwaiti authorities implemented
00:05:06
policy that made life increasingly
00:05:08
difficult for Palestinians these
00:05:10
included revoking residency permits
00:05:12
closing Palestinian schools and
00:05:14
terminating employment for Palestinians
00:05:17
many Palestinians were forced to leave
00:05:18
voluntarily due to the hostile
00:05:20
environment and the lack of means to
00:05:22
sustain themselves most of the expelled
00:05:24
Palestinians found themselves displaced
00:05:26
once again seeking refuge in countries
00:05:29
like Jordan and other neighboring
00:05:30
countries Jordan is another country that
00:05:33
experienced a rather dark history with
00:05:34
Palestinians but before we head to
00:05:36
Jordan I need your help to get to my
00:05:38
goal of 10,000 subscribers by the end of
00:05:40
the year so if you're enjoying this
00:05:42
video so far please hit that subscribe
00:05:45
button and give it a thumbs up Hing back
00:05:47
to Jordan after the 1948 Arab Israeli
00:05:50
War a significant number of Palestinian
00:05:52
refugees fled to Jordan the Jordanian
00:05:54
government under King Abdullah initially
00:05:56
welcomed them Jordan granted citizenship
00:05:59
to many Palestinians allowing them to
00:06:01
integrate more fully into Jordanian
00:06:03
Society this move was partly driven by
00:06:05
the geopolitical aim of consolidating
00:06:08
control over the West Bank which Jordan
00:06:10
annexed in 1950 following the 19676 rule
00:06:14
the PLO began to establish a significant
00:06:16
presence in Jordan the PLO under yasa
00:06:19
Arafat operated with considerable
00:06:21
autonomy within Jordan establishing its
00:06:23
own military and political
00:06:25
infrastructure they found Jordan to be a
00:06:27
strategic location due to its prox Pro
00:06:29
imity to Israel and the large
00:06:31
Palestinian refugee population already
00:06:33
present there the PLO had effectively
00:06:35
created a state within a state in Jordan
00:06:37
they also used Jordan as a launching pad
00:06:39
for Guerilla attacks against Israel
00:06:41
these operations included crossb raids
00:06:44
ambushes and acts of sabotage which
00:06:46
brought Israeli retaliatory attacks into
00:06:49
Jordanian territory naturally this
00:06:51
increased pressure on the Jordanian
00:06:53
government and put kin Hussein in a
00:06:55
rather difficult position the situation
00:06:57
escalated as a PLO grew more assertive
00:07:00
challenging Jordanian sovereignty in
00:07:03
fact it reached a point where they were
00:07:05
openly calling to overthrow the
00:07:07
Jordanian monarchy tensions reached a
00:07:09
peak in September 1970 when the Poo
00:07:12
hijacked several planes and diverted
00:07:14
them to Jordan demanding the release of
00:07:17
Palestinian prisoners this act of
00:07:19
defiance was a final straw for King
00:07:21
Hussein the Jordanian Army launched a
00:07:23
full scale assault on the PLO resulting
00:07:25
in a conflict known as Black September
00:07:28
the fighting lasted for for about 10
00:07:30
months causing significant casualties
00:07:32
the aftermath of Black September left a
00:07:34
profound impact on Jordan the conflict
00:07:37
severely strained the country's
00:07:38
resources and tested the Loyalty of its
00:07:41
military and citizens King Hussein's
00:07:43
decisive action to expel the PLO was
00:07:45
aimed at restoring Jordanian sovereignty
00:07:47
and stability but it also deepened
00:07:50
internal divisions the heavy casualties
00:07:52
and destruction from the conflict left
00:07:54
scars on Jordanian Society fostering a
00:07:56
lingering mistrust between a Jordanian
00:07:59
government and the Palestinian
00:08:00
population within the country the Arab
00:08:03
world on the other hand was also deeply
00:08:04
divided over the conflict some countries
00:08:07
like Egypt and Syria were sympathetic to
00:08:09
the PLO and condemned Jordan's actions
00:08:12
others like Saudi Arabia and Morocco
00:08:14
supported King Hussein's efforts to
00:08:16
maintain stability Israel wased the
00:08:18
conflict closely as it had significant
00:08:20
implications for its own security the
00:08:23
expulsion of the PLO from Jordan was
00:08:25
seen as a positive development reducing
00:08:27
the immediate threat of crossb attacks
00:08:29
the United States under President
00:08:31
Richard Nixon supported King Hussein's
00:08:33
efforts to call the PLO Uprising the US
00:08:36
saw the stability of Jordan as crucial
00:08:39
to its interests in the Middle East and
00:08:41
provided military and economic aid to
00:08:43
support the Jordanian government so what
00:08:45
happened to the PLO well the expulsion
00:08:48
from Jordan was a significant setback
00:08:50
for them it lost a major base of
00:08:52
operations and many of its Fighters were
00:08:54
either killed or displaced the
00:08:56
leadership including yasa Arafat were
00:08:58
forced to relocate to Lebanon and that's
00:09:00
where we turn our attention to next
00:09:03
Lebanon perhaps may have been the worst
00:09:05
case of Palestinian influence
00:09:06
destabilizing a country in fact they've
00:09:08
still not recovered today after being
00:09:11
expelled from Jordan the PLO established
00:09:13
a strong military presence in southern
00:09:15
Lebanon using it as a base to launch
00:09:17
Guerilla attacks and Rocket strikes
00:09:18
against Israel lebanon's delicate
00:09:20
sectarian balance was already strained
00:09:23
before the arrival of the PLO the
00:09:25
country's population was divided amongst
00:09:27
various religious and ethnic groups
00:09:29
including marinite Christians Sunni
00:09:31
Muslims Shia Muslims and others the PLO
00:09:34
formed their alliances with several
00:09:35
Lebanese factions predominantly leus no
00:09:38
surprises there and Muslim groups who
00:09:40
oppose the marinite dominated government
00:09:43
if you want to check out another video I
00:09:44
made on the Unholy alliance between
00:09:46
Islam and the left you can check it out
00:09:48
right here pivoting back the PLO support
00:09:51
for these factions provided them with
00:09:53
additional military strength and
00:09:54
resources further emboldening their
00:09:56
demands and actions against the marinite
00:09:58
Le govern and Christian militias and
00:10:01
finally came the Civil War the Poo's
00:10:04
involvement in the conflict with its
00:10:05
military capabilities and alliances
00:10:07
significantly escalated the violence
00:10:10
Palestinian factions alongside their
00:10:12
Lebanese allies fought against the
00:10:13
marinite militias and the Lebanese Army
00:10:16
the war quickly spread across the
00:10:18
country drawing in various militias
00:10:20
foreign armies and international actors
00:10:22
as the Civil War progressed the pl's
00:10:25
continued attacks on Israel from
00:10:26
Lebanese territory provoked even more
00:10:29
via Israeli retaliations the IDF
00:10:31
launched major operations including
00:10:33
operation ly in 1978 and the invasion of
00:10:36
Lebanon in 1982 aimed at rooting out the
00:10:39
PLO and destroying its infrastructure
00:10:42
these operations caused extensive damage
00:10:44
further destabilizing Lebanon and
00:10:47
exacerbating the humanitarian crisis the
00:10:50
Lebanese Civil War devastated Lebanon in
00:10:52
ways that the country has struggled to
00:10:54
recover from even decades later conflict
00:10:56
destroyed much of the country's
00:10:58
infrastructure including roads buildings
00:11:00
and essential Services entire
00:11:02
neighborhoods were reduced to rubble and
00:11:04
the economy was shattered the social
00:11:06
fabric of Lebanon was torn apart with
00:11:08
deep sectarian divides and mistrust
00:11:10
lingering long after the fighting
00:11:12
stopped the Civil War resulted in
00:11:14
approximately 120,000 deaths and it
00:11:17
spaced hundreds of thousands of people
00:11:19
and of course new groups also came into
00:11:21
being like Hezbollah and Iranian proxy
00:11:24
that to this day continues providing
00:11:26
military support for Palestine while
00:11:28
attacking Israel at the time of riding
00:11:30
the script Israel was gearing up to in
00:11:32
made Southern Lebanon to wage a
00:11:34
fullscale war against Hezbollah guess
00:11:36
history does repeat itself this terrible
00:11:39
history many Arab countries have
00:11:40
experienced with the PLO or Palestinian
00:11:42
refugees definitely show us why many are
00:11:44
quite reluctant to taking a large influx
00:11:47
of people in the modern day in fact many
00:11:49
countries decided to move away from the
00:11:51
politics of the 20th century that had
00:11:53
led to so much political tension war and
00:11:56
instability in the region and perhaps
00:11:58
rightfully so vot the Perpetual war
00:12:00
against Israel and its allies certainly
00:12:03
doesn't bode well for many of these
00:12:04
countries especially the ones trying to
00:12:07
impose themselves as popular tourist
00:12:09
destinations as they move away from
00:12:11
oilbased economies and this is where I
00:12:13
want to introduce you to the Abraham
00:12:14
Accords it represented a landmark shift
00:12:17
in Middle Eastern geopolitics marking
00:12:19
the normalization of the relations
00:12:21
between Israel and several Arab Nations
00:12:23
initiated in 2020 these agreements were
00:12:26
brokered by the United States and
00:12:27
involved key signatories like the UAE
00:12:30
Bahrain Sudan and Morocco for decades
00:12:33
the Arab Israeli conflict defined the
00:12:35
Region's political landscape with most
00:12:37
Arab countries refusing to recognize
00:12:39
Israel these eords signaled a shift from
00:12:42
pan arabism to a more Nationalist and
00:12:44
strategic approach focusing on economic
00:12:47
growth and Regional stability the
00:12:49
participating Arab countries prioritize
00:12:50
their national interests and development
00:12:53
of the long-standing ideological
00:12:55
opposition to Israel but perhaps the
00:12:57
biggest part of this was progress to
00:12:59
including Saudi Arabia in these eords it
00:13:02
would have signaled significant change
00:13:03
in the Middle East the Saudis wanted
00:13:05
military assurances nuclear technology
00:13:08
and more from the United States in
00:13:10
exchange for normalizing relations with
00:13:12
Israel unfortunately this was seen as a
00:13:15
threat to Iran who would have suddenly
00:13:16
found themselves align against countries
00:13:18
that normalize relations with Israel and
00:13:21
this obviously was unacceptable to them
00:13:23
as negotiations were ongoing in 2023
00:13:26
with Saudi Arabia Iran's proxy Hamas
00:13:29
carried out the October 7 attacks and
00:13:32
you know the aftermath a huge regression
00:13:34
in a path that could have led to a more
00:13:36
peaceful future for all of these
00:13:37
countries and perhaps a better future
00:13:39
for the Palestinians as well away from
00:13:42
traditional violent ideologies held by
00:13:44
their leaders looking forward the path
00:13:47
to peace in the Middle East remains
00:13:48
fraud with challenges potential
00:13:50
inclusion of Saudi Arabia in the
00:13:51
abrahamic cords could still represent a
00:13:54
significant step towards a more stable
00:13:55
and prosperous region however achieving
00:13:58
this will require navigating the complex
00:14:00
interplay of regional rivalries internal
00:14:02
political Dynamics and the broader
00:14:04
geopolitical landscape and perhaps more
00:14:07
importantly a change in the psyche of
00:14:09
people across the region and honestly
00:14:11
the growth of secularism or even moving
00:14:13
away from Hardline Islamic ideology may
00:14:16
also help the petrol War doesn't benefit
00:14:19
anybody so what do you think leave your
00:14:21
thoughts in the comment section below
00:14:23
and as always please remember to
00:14:25
subscribe and hit that like button I've
00:14:27
got plenty more content just like like
00:14:29
this on my channel so go check them out
00:14:31
thanks for watching and I'll see you in
00:14:32
the next one
