Intrarenal acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) - causes, symptoms & pathology
الملخص
TLDRThe video provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI), focusing specifically on intrarenal AKI, which occurs due to direct damage within the kidneys. AKI is characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function and can be categorized into prerenal, postrenal, and intrarenal types. Intrarenal AKI includes conditions such as acute tubular necrosis, often caused by ischemia or nephrotoxins; glomerulonephritis, which involves inflammation of the glomerulus due to immune complex deposition; and acute interstitial nephritis, typically triggered by hypersensitivity reactions to various medications. Each condition affects the kidney's ability to filter blood and maintain electrolyte balance, leading to symptoms such as oliguria, azotemia, potassium build-up, metabolic acidosis, and sometimes the excretion of blood and proteins in urine. Treatments focus on addressing the underlying cause and allowing kidney cells to regenerate when possible.
الوجبات الجاهزة
- 🩺 AKI affects the kidney's ability to function properly.
- 🔍 AKI is categorized into prerenal, postrenal, and intrarenal types.
- 💀 Intrarenal AKI can be caused by tubular damage, glomerular inflammation, or interstitial problems.
- 🧪 Acute tubular necrosis often results from ischemia or exposure to nephrotoxins.
- 🛡️ Glomerulonephritis involves immune-related damage to the glomerulus.
- 💊 Acute interstitial nephritis can be a hypersensitivity reaction to drugs.
- 🔬 Chemical imbalances in the blood indicate kidney function issues.
- 🚱 Oliguria is a common symptom due to reduced urine production.
- ⚗️ Azotemia occurs when nitrogen waste accumulates in the blood.
- ⚖️ Treatments focus on resolving the underlying cause and supporting recovery.
الجدول الزمني
- 00:00:00 - 00:09:33
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a rapid decline in kidney function, characterized by a reduction in the ability of the kidneys to regulate blood content. AKI is classified into prerenal, postrenal, and intrarenal types. Intrarenal AKI often results from acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, or acute interstitial nephritis and impairs the kidney's filtration capacity. Acute tubular necrosis, the most common cause of intrarenal AKI, involves ischemia-induced or nephrotoxin-induced death of tubular epithelial cells. Glomerulonephritis involves immune-mediated damage to the glomeruli, resulting in proteinuria and hematuria, while acute interstitial nephritis results from immune cell infiltration due to drug hypersensitivity. Consequently, the kidney’s capacities for reabsorption and secretion are diminished, affecting key metabolic processes and potentially causing elevated blood nitrogen levels and imbalances in electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Recovery from some intrarenal AKI causes is possible if underlying issues are addressed.
الخريطة الذهنية
فيديو أسئلة وأجوبة
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
AKI is a condition where the kidney's function decreases rapidly, usually over a few days.
What are the types of AKI?
AKI can be classified into prerenal, postrenal, and intrarenal types.
What causes intrarenal AKI?
Intrarenal AKI can be caused by damage to the tubules, the glomerulus, or the interstitium.
What is acute tubular necrosis?
It is a common cause of intrarenal AKI where epithelial cells in the tubules die due to ischemia or nephrotoxins.
What is glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomerulus often caused by antigen-antibody complexes.
What causes acute interstitial nephritis?
It is caused by inflammation in the interstitium often due to hypersensitivity reactions to medications.
What are nephrotoxins?
Nephrotoxins are substances that damage tubular epithelial cells, such as certain antibiotics, heavy metals, and contrast dyes.
How does ischemia cause acute tubular necrosis?
Ischemia restricts blood flow, depriving cells of oxygen necessary for energy-intensive functions.
What are the symptoms of acute interstitial nephritis?
Early symptoms include oliguria, eosinophiluria, fever, and rash.
What happens during glomerulonephritis?
The inflammation causes damage to podocytes, resulting in proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased GFR.
عرض المزيد من ملخصات الفيديو
Sidekick Stories - Missen en herinneren - Lies Scaut
build your own cloud
Electrical Diagnostic Thinking
Developments in EAST ASIA [AP World Review Unit 1 Topic 1]
Bitcoin: The Beauty of Mathematics (Part 52)
The Dutch Golden Age EP05 - The East India Company (VOC) and its legacy in Asia (English subtitles)
- AKI
- Intrarenal AKI
- Acute Tubular Necrosis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Ischemia
- Nephrotoxins
- Kidney Damage
- Oliguria
- Azotemia