00:00:00
this video is made possible by
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Microcenter get a free 128 gigabyte
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flash drive and 128 gigabyte micro SD
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card when you follow the link that's
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down in the description below the
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location of a country's capital city is
00:00:12
one of the most important choices for
00:00:13
any nation's leaders to make they
00:00:15
contain important government facilities
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offices and headquarters and usually
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contain the primary residence of the
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nation's leadership the capital city is
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basically the brain of a country and
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choosing the location of where you want
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to place your brain is of course a
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highly strategic Choice most often the
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best location for a capital city is
00:00:33
somewhere that can be easily defended
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and from where you can exert control and
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Project Unity over the rest of the
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country capitals need to be seen as
00:00:41
representative of the entire nation and
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be easily accessible to the largest
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number of people possible and for all
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those reasons capitals are most often
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built within the center of a country but
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sometimes the choice of an old location
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ends up eventually just not working out
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for example in 2005 Myanmar moved their
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Capital City away from old Yangon the
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largest city in the country and towards
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Napier da more than 300 kilometers to
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the north this was done because napia da
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is more centrally located within the
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country than Yangon was and it was also
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a Transportation Hub located right next
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to three chronically turbulent and
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rebellious States and so it was felt
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that the presence of the capital and the
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military so nearby would help to improve
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the Region's stability and further it
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was ruled that the old capital of Yangon
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was simply more vulnerable to climate
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disasters since it was located directly
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on the coast as was showcased in 2008
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when a cyclone smashed directly into it
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and destroyed three quarters of the
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city's infrastructure in a similar
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manner Brazil also moved their Capital
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City back in 1960 away from the
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historical but by then overcrowded Rio
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de Janeiro on the coast and towards a
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deeper and more centralized location
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within the Brazilian interior that they
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ended up calling Brasilia this decision
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was largely made in order to encourage
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Inland growth away from the coasts and
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to make the capital city more regionally
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neutral and then of course there was the
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great showdown in Australia back in 1927
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when neither Sydney nor Melbourne could
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agree on which city should become the
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nation's capital and thus they ended up
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compromising by building Canberra
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roughly in between them from scratch now
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in the year 2022 there are two very
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large modern countries who are actively
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in the process of relocating their
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capital cities for pretty familiar
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reasons Egypt is relocating their
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Capital away from Cairo towards a newer
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planned city still under construction a
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bit over to the east while Indonesia is
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relocating their Capital City away from
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Jakarta and moving its more than one
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thousand kilometers away to a completely
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different Island this is incredibly
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significant because Indonesia itself is
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an incredibly significant country she
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has the fourth highest population of any
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country in the world lagging only behind
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China India and the United States and
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boasts more than
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270 million people for such a large
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country however Indonesia is rather
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unique because while China India and the
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United States are all major and
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generally contiguous Continental Powers
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Indonesia is really about 17
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000 totally separate islands all
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scattered apart from each other and
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these islands are not equal there's five
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big land areas that Indonesia controls
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the entire islands of Sumatra Java and
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suluisi and half of the big islands of
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Borneo and New Guinea however four of
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these Island territories are fairly
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sparsely populated while the thousands
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of smaller Islands add little to the
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overall population as well by and large
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that leaves the island of java which
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alone is home to more than 60 percent of
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the entire Indonesian population
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145 million people this makes Java by
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far the world's most populated island
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with even more people than Russia a
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country that is 123 times larger and so
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oh it's pretty fair to say that this
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island is basically the center of
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Indonesia's population and culture and
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so naturally the capital of Indonesia
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has been located on Java for a very long
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time and it's located right here Jakarta
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Jakarta has been a pretty major city for
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centuries but with little Fanfare in the
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modern 21st century world the city's
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metropolitan population has skyrocketed
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to a population of around 35 million
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people which makes Jakarta the second
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largest urban area in the entire world
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after only Tokyo which as fateward habit
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is also located on another Island
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besides serving as the capital of
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Indonesia Jakarta is also the Diplomatic
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capital of acine or the association of
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Southeast Asian Nations which is
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effectively Southeast Asia's version of
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the European Union and so you can sort
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of think of jakarta's role here as being
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similar to Brussels in Europe Jakarta is
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an enormously important and significant
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Global City but it is not without
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problems that make it actually a not so
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favorable location for under Indonesia's
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capital city in the 21st century for one
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as I mentioned previously there is a lot
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of inequality within the country while
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Java is home to 60 of Indonesia's
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population the island only makes up
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seven percent of Indonesia's land
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ultimately that means that the remaining
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93 of the country's land mass over on
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the 17 000 other islands are pretty
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underrepresented both in terms of
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population and in economics while the
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economy in both Jakarta and Java has
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been growing tremendously over the past
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few decades the other Islands have been
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more or less economically left behind
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and have remained fairly stagnant to
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illustrate this point ever since 1971
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Java has gained 75 million people while
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Sumatra has only gained 38 million
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kalimantan with the Indonesian side of
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Borneo is called only 11 million so that
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we see only about 10 million while
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Western New Guinea only gained 4 million
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and while these other Islands may look
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close by on a map like this they really
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aren't if you place the islands of
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Indonesia over Europe where the Java
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placed roughly over Northern Italy you'd
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quickly see that is as far away as
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Northern Germany and Poland suluisi is
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over in Belarus and Ukraine while
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Western New Guinea is way over in
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Kazakhstan a lot of these places are
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very far away from Jakarta and are
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therefore isolated and remote from the
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center of power often across thousands
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of kilometers of ocean based exclusively
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on the centralization of power factor it
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would make the most sense from a
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geographic perspective to place
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Indonesia's Capital within either
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kalimontan and Borneo or on suluisi but
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of course centralization alone is not
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usually a good enough reason to go
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through all of these moving pains the
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larger motivations are that Jakarta
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itself has a lot of issues to start the
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city has experienced a tremendous amount
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of urban growth in the past few decades
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back in 1945 at the beginning of the
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second world war the City's population
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was only 600 000 people 25 years later
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by 1970 the City's population had
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increased by six-fold to more than 4
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million and then 50 years later from
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then by 2020 it had more than doubled
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again 10 to more than ten and a half
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million within the boundaries of the
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city proper largely owing to Massive
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Internal migration from the rest of
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Indonesia as a result of all this growth
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the city has been experiencing a
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substantial ecological breakdown
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accompanied by intensely gridlocked
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traffic and congestion nearly four and a
00:07:09
half million cars and more than 13
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million motorcycles are used on the
00:07:13
city's streets while public
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transportation only accounts for a third
00:07:17
of the city's commuters to exacerbate
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the pollutants from all these vehicles
00:07:20
there are seven existing coal-fired
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power plants and five more planned
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plants all within a 100 kilometer radius
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of the city the emissions from those
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five planned plants alone will
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eventually be equal to adding 10 million
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additional cars to jakarta's already
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crowded streets given this air pollution
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and smog within the city is a serious
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issue and it generally ranks alongside
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cities like New Delhi and Beijing the
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air quality can get so bad here that
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just last year in 2021
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172 days these were considered too
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unhealthy to be outside which was more
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than half of the entire year and then of
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course there's the traffic itself
00:07:59
Jakarta has often been named the world's
00:08:02
worst city for traffic on multiple
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occasions by multiple Publications but
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here are some ways to put it all in a
00:08:09
perspective it's been estimated before
00:08:10
that the average Jakarta resident will
00:08:12
spend 10 years of their lifetime there
00:08:15
in traffic the largest satellite city of
00:08:18
Jakarta where many downtown office
00:08:19
workers live is bogor 25 miles away from
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the Jakarta core under normal Jakarta
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traffic conditions it usually takes two
00:08:27
hours to drive across those 25 miles and
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when the conditions are considered bad
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it can take more like three hours it's
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gotten so bad that high-ranking
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government officials have to regularly
00:08:38
be escorted by police convoys through
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the city just to arrive at their
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meetings on time and to make matters
00:08:44
even worse jakarta's population is still
00:08:47
growing by 2030 it's projected that
00:08:49
there will be more than 40 million
00:08:51
people living within the metropolitan
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area more than the entire population of
00:08:55
Canada and causing it to surpass even
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Tokyo to become the world's newest
00:08:59
largest city but out of all of jakarta's
00:09:02
many problems it's water that is the
00:09:05
most severe as with many coastal cities
00:09:07
across the world Jakarta is not unique
00:09:09
in dealing with the threat of rising sea
00:09:11
levels but jakarta's specific situation
00:09:13
is rather unique because on top of
00:09:15
dealing with sea levels Rising the city
00:09:18
is simultaneously sinking jakarta's
00:09:20
sinking problem is very similar to both
00:09:22
Mexico City and Venice both of which I
00:09:25
made videos about in the past but this
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is the gist just like both of those
00:09:28
cities Jakarta was established within a
00:09:30
swampy environment many centuries ago
00:09:32
before the needs of modern cities were
00:09:34
at all understood 13 rivers flow through
00:09:37
the city which used to provide ample
00:09:39
fresh water but now they're all wildly
00:09:41
polluted and currently unusable for
00:09:43
drinking water Jakarta does have a
00:09:45
series of water pipes but they only
00:09:46
reach about 60 percent of the population
00:09:48
and they're all highly concentrated in
00:09:50
the more wealthy areas of South in
00:09:52
central Jakarta as for the millions of
00:09:54
other people who don't have any access
00:09:55
ground pumping is basically the only
00:09:57
means of obtaining any fresh water for
00:09:59
themselves but of course as this water
00:10:01
beneath the surface is removed the soil
00:10:03
above will continue to Compact and sink
00:10:06
and it doesn't help that nowadays there
00:10:08
are dozens of massive and heavy concrete
00:10:10
and steel skyscrapers across the city's
00:10:13
surface adding even more weight and
00:10:15
pressure pushing down onto the fragile
00:10:17
soil below as a result of all these
00:10:19
contributing factors the entirety of
00:10:22
Jakarta is now sinking into the ground
00:10:23
by about one centimeter a year but there
00:10:26
are some areas seeing as much as 25
00:10:28
centimeters of sinkage a year when you
00:10:30
take rising sea levels into
00:10:32
consideration it's easy to see why most
00:10:35
of the city will very shortly be in
00:10:37
grave danger and while floods are
00:10:39
already a chronic problem that the city
00:10:41
faces it's nothing compared to what
00:10:43
might happen in the future the entire
00:10:45
city rests within a flat Basin and
00:10:48
according to some estimates 40 percent
00:10:50
of Jakarta is already sitting beneath
00:10:52
sea level while many others predict that
00:10:54
by 2050 only 28 short years from now the
00:10:58
entire city proper of more than 10.6
00:11:01
million people will be buried Beneath
00:11:03
the Sea like a modern day Atlantis
00:11:05
assuming that nothing is actually done
00:11:08
about it but of course there is a plan
00:11:10
to do something about it and it's insane
00:11:13
in 2014 the Indonesian government
00:11:16
revealed the plans for what they called
00:11:18
giant sea wall Jakarta expected to be
00:11:20
completed by 2025. the plan will
00:11:23
eventually construct a titanically sized
00:11:26
sea wall across the entirety of Jakarta
00:11:28
Bay to protect the city from the ocean
00:11:30
Beyond the Wall is planned to be
00:11:31
constructed in the form of a Garuda a
00:11:34
giant legendary bird from the Hindu and
00:11:36
Buddhist faiths that is also the
00:11:38
national symbol of Indonesia the whole
00:11:40
structure is intended to be iconic and
00:11:42
boost tourism and it draws heavy
00:11:44
inspiration from nearby Singapore
00:11:45
Sentosa island project after the massive
00:11:48
bird Guardian is constructed Jakarta Bay
00:11:50
itself is intended to become a water
00:11:52
reservoir enclosed inside that will
00:11:55
eventually become a vast new source for
00:11:57
fresh clean water in the city jakarta's
00:12:00
13 rivers that all flow into the bay
00:12:02
today are all planned to be cleaned up
00:12:03
and cleared of pollution in order to
00:12:05
keep their currently polluted outflows
00:12:07
from transforming the bay into a
00:12:09
stagnant Cesspool meanwhile the giant
00:12:12
sea wall itself is intended to become a
00:12:14
new center of jakarta's Urban
00:12:15
Development complete with housing roads
00:12:17
and Railways that connect back to the
00:12:19
mainland that should all be capable of
00:12:21
hosting a new population of 2 million
00:12:24
people the whole project is expected to
00:12:26
carry a steep price tag of about 40
00:12:28
billion dollars and it hasn't come
00:12:31
without controversies for one thing it
00:12:33
would require the eviction of many
00:12:34
nearby residents in the seizing of
00:12:36
private lands along the coast something
00:12:38
that many locals depend upon for their
00:12:39
livelihoods further there are fears that
00:12:41
if the wall were to ever fail because of
00:12:43
something like a terrorist attack or
00:12:45
some unforeseen Black Swan event that
00:12:47
the subsequent flooding would be
00:12:48
catastrophic and probably end up
00:12:50
destroying the city anyway in the future
00:12:52
when sea levels are higher this all
00:12:54
means that the wall will end up being a
00:12:56
critical security weak point that
00:12:58
Indonesia would have to defend at all
00:13:01
costs and then there are many many
00:13:03
environmental concerns about building
00:13:04
the wall to just Heap on top of
00:13:06
everything else so with all of these
00:13:07
negative factors going against Jakarta
00:13:10
and the obvious need to alleviate the
00:13:12
growing population pressure and weight
00:13:13
on the sinking City the current leader
00:13:15
of Indonesia president Joko Widodo made
00:13:18
a bold announcement in 2019 to move the
00:13:21
capital city away from Jakarta for the
00:13:23
first time and while the specifics of
00:13:25
the exact location and plan are still in
00:13:27
the stages of being figured out things
00:13:29
are moving pretty quickly for one we
00:13:32
know that the general area of the new
00:13:34
capital will be nearly 1 000 kilometers
00:13:36
away from the current day Jakarta over
00:13:38
on the island of Borneo which happens to
00:13:40
be the third largest island in the world
00:13:42
and it means that Indonesia's Capital
00:13:43
will be on an island shared with two
00:13:46
other countries in the north Malaysia
00:13:48
and Brunei Borneo is largely covered by
00:13:50
rainforest in a sparse populated but it
00:13:53
possesses several advantageous features
00:13:55
for Indonesia's New Capital City first
00:13:58
the Indonesian government itself already
00:14:00
owns a large part of the land over on
00:14:02
their side of the Border making it easy
00:14:04
to build a brand new planned Capital
00:14:06
City compared with Jakarta the risk of
00:14:08
disasters here are rather minimal
00:14:10
whether it be from floods earthquakes
00:14:12
tsunamis or especially from volcanoes
00:14:14
Indonesia's geography is dominated by
00:14:17
volcanoes and many of their eruptions in
00:14:19
the past across the archipelago have
00:14:21
been some of the most destructive
00:14:23
disasters in all of human history the
00:14:25
top two most powerful volcanic eruptions
00:14:28
ever in recorded human history both took
00:14:30
place in Indonesia at Krakatoa in 1883
00:14:33
and in Mount Tambora in 1815 both of
00:14:37
which caused enormous destruction 74 000
00:14:40
years ago the Toba super volcano erupted
00:14:42
on Sumatra and was so destructive that
00:14:45
it caused a six-year long Global
00:14:47
volcanic winner and may have almost led
00:14:50
to the early extinct function of the
00:14:52
entire human species today there are at
00:14:55
least 127 active volcanoes across the
00:14:58
country and more than 5 million
00:14:59
Indonesians live within their danger
00:15:01
zones but if you notice on this map
00:15:04
there aren't any major active volcanoes
00:15:06
on Borneo which from a risk perspective
00:15:08
makes it far safer for the country's
00:15:11
brain to be located there than on either
00:15:13
Java or Sumatra and finally Borneo is
00:15:16
geographically located nearly precisely
00:15:18
in the center of the entire Indonesian
00:15:20
archipelago and there are several
00:15:22
developing City areas nearby the
00:15:24
proposed location that stand to grow
00:15:26
immensely over time in total Indonesia
00:15:29
hopes to create a new capital territory
00:15:31
on Borneo that will cover nearly 700
00:15:33
square miles slightly larger than the
00:15:36
city of London's area and more than
00:15:37
twice the size of present-day Jakarta it
00:15:40
is also president widodo's hope that
00:15:42
eventually this new capital will be home
00:15:44
until 1.4 million government employees
00:15:47
and their families potentially reaching
00:15:49
upwards of a population of 7 million
00:15:51
people all in all with several
00:15:53
futuristic designs already picked out
00:15:55
for the more important government
00:15:56
buildings like the presidential Palace
00:15:57
and more all that's left is to fund the
00:16:00
effort and begin construction the total
00:16:02
estimated price tag for building the new
00:16:04
capital here is around 34 billion
00:16:06
dollars but with extensive delays in the
00:16:09
project stemming from the kova 19
00:16:10
pandemic budget cuts and other mounting
00:16:13
pressures president Widodo certainly has
00:16:15
his work cut out for him over the next
00:16:17
several years as he oversees the
00:16:19
remainder of his second term as
00:16:20
president since he hopes to begin moving
00:16:22
at least some government offices over to
00:16:24
Borneo in 2024. he only has two short
00:16:27
years remaining to accomplish it while
00:16:30
he's still in office and as for Jakarta
00:16:32
even though the city is definitely
00:16:34
facing some pretty serious hurdles over
00:16:36
the coming decades widodo's hope is that
00:16:38
encouraging millions of people to leave
00:16:40
the city for the new capital over on
00:16:42
Borneo will be enough to relieve at
00:16:44
least some of the pressure and allow
00:16:46
Jakarta precious time to recover and
00:16:48
Thrive once again so a lot of people
00:16:51
have asked me for years now how I make
00:16:53
videos on YouTube like this one and how
00:16:55
I got started honestly it all began with
00:16:57
just saving up enough money for my side
00:16:59
job while I was in college to build my
00:17:01
own beefy editing computer that could
00:17:03
handle all of the animations and the
00:17:04
footage that I wanted to create and
00:17:06
splice together and probably unlike the
00:17:08
middle of the rainforest in Borneo Micro
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of your nearest Micro Center and can
00:17:47
arrange same-day pickup and for a fee
00:17:49
you can check the box marked same day
00:17:51
Pro assembly to have Micro Center
00:17:53
themselves build your creation all for
00:17:55
you but best of all Microcenter is
00:17:57
offering up a ridiculous deal when you
00:18:00
follow the link that's down in the
00:18:01
description or click the button that's
00:18:02
on screen right now new customers will
00:18:05
receive a completely free 128 gigabyte
00:18:08
flash drive and a 128 gigabyte micro SD
00:18:11
card you don't even need to purchase
00:18:13
anything it's totally 100 free with no
00:18:17
catch and you just have to go to one of
00:18:19
microcenter's 25 stores in the country
00:18:21
to claim it and as always thank you so
00:18:24
much for watching
00:18:25
[Music]
![KEISTIMEWAAN RAMADHAN ][ OLEH : DODI TARMIZI, M.Pd.I](https://ruhnrawpgxrzdrgaohnf.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/images/video/VMuSe2lQwFA/thumbnail.jpg)
