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good day everyone our lesson for the day
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is all about rudiments of music and its
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fundamentals
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in this unit you will learn technical
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aspect of music
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such as pitch annotation the use of
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grand staff
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and ledger line different claps
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intervals
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in major keys are also part of this unit
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at the end of this unit you're able to
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demonstrate understanding of musical
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element features
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in pitch notation in music
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identify the selected claps formation
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and its purposes
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memorize perceptibly the notes in bass
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clep
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and treble clef apply knowledge and
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skills
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in music notation
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create an appropriate improvised piano
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analyze the harmonious relationship of
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both sharpened flat notes
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to each other find out the definition of
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intervals and their correlation of
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intonation
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using both sharp and flat notes
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understand the value of half step and
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whole step
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using the key of c major
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[Music]
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music described as written worksheet
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about symbols
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specifying the pitch and precising the
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symbol
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into its factors each indicating
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such instructions about the sounds of
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music
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whether it's slow or maybe high symbols
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that indicate
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timing provide directions on how long to
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play
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or seeing a piece of music
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these symbols are truly combined to the
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ways for music notations
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when you dominate the rudiments of music
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and its fundamentals
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you will be able to read music notation
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and perform
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as musician or singer
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the notation is commonly known as
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western musical
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notation music pitches are designed
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by an alphabet letter as c
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d e f
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g a and b
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in other musical notation which is
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sulfate syllables
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are engaged to designated pitches as
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syllable formation letters
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as
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and it's more often to use by musicians
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than
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singers here is the equivalent of pitch
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name
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to solfege syllables
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c is though
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e is me f is
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so here's the figure of piano showing
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the repetition of notes according to the
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western
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musical notation
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[Music]
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now let us discuss the staff claps
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and ledger lines the staff is the
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foundation upon which
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notes are drawn the modern staff
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comprises five lines and four spaces
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[Music]
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every line or space on the staff
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represents
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a white key on the keyboard
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claps assign individual notes to certain
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lines or spaces
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[Music]
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two clips are normally used the treble
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clef
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and bass clap
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[Music]
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first we'll discuss the treble clef
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tribal clap is also called
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the g-clad
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the stuff line which the clap wraps
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around shown in red
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is known as g any note placed
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on this line becomes g
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[Music]
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the note on the space above g is
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a remember there is not
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an h note the note on the line above
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a is b this process
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continues we just run out of room to
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place notes
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what happens now ledger lines
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will solve our dilemma a ledger line
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is a small line that extends the staff
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when we run out of room
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with the ledger line drawn we can place
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the
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a
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next let's discuss the bass clip
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bass clap is also called the f
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clef the stop line in between the two
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dots
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of the clap is f
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[Music]
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we can now fill the rest of the stuff
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with notes
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finally we will discuss the grand staff
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a theoretical staff
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consisting of 11 lines
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watch what happens when we eliminate the
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middle line
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we end up with two regular steps
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by adding a treble clef to the top stop
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and a base clamp to the bottom stop we
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can see the relationship
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between the two steps
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[Music]
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notice how the two claps are joined
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by the c shown in red
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this c is commonly called middle
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c since it corresponds to the middle
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staff line
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on the grand staff
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so now let's have this treble clef or g
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clip
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face f a
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c e now
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how about in the line notes
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or g
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every good boy deserves fudge
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every good boy deserves fudge
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again space notes face
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line notes every good boy deserves
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fudge
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[Music]
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now we have bass clep or f clap
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so paramas madalina notes
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a space and lines the f clap
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let's have this mini
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in space notes a bass clef or f
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clip i know it's na a
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c e g
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[Music]
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all cows eat grass
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all cows eat grass
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next line notes among notes
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bears don't fly airplanes
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grizzly bears don't fly airplanes
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so again space notes
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all cows eat grass lying notes
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grizzly bears don't fly
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[Music]
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airplanes
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the length of time that a note is played
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is called
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its note duration which is determined by
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the type of note
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the whole note has the longest note
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duration
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in modern music the half note
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has half the duration of a whole note
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two half notes occupy the same amount of
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time
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as one whole note
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[Music]
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the quarter note is a fourth or a
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quarter
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of a whole note
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four quarter notes occupy the same
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amount of time
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as one whole note two
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quarter notes equal the duration of a
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half note
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notes is smaller in duration then a
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quarter note
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have flags each flag
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have the value of a note
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[Music]
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an eighth note has one flag
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therefore 2 8 notes occupy the same
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amount of time
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as one quarter note
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a 16th note has two flags
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having the value again
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two sixteenth notes equal the duration
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of an eighth note
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four sixteenth notes occupy the same
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amount of time
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as one quarter note
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although it is possible to have notes
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with three or more
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flags they are seldom used
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this chart displays the relationship of
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all five note types
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discussed in this lesson
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[Music]
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rests represent periods of silence
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in a measure
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each type of rest shares a duration with
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a certain type of
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note for example
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both the quarter rest and a quarter note
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occupy the same amount of time
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while the note would make a sound the
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rest
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is silent to demonstrate this
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let's fill a measure of word for time
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with quarter notes
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when played all four notes sound
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[Music]
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next we will replace the second quarter
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note with the quarter
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rest when played the second beat
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is now silent
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next let's discuss the other types of
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rest
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a whole rest occupies the same amount of
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time
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as a whole note it is drawn
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as a box descending from the fourth
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staff
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line a half press occupies
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the same amount of time as a half note
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it is drawn as a box ascending from the
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middle staff
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line like notes
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rests can have flags
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with one flag an eight rest has
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the same duration as an eighth note
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with two flags a sixteenth rest has the
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same duration
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as a sixteenth note
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although raider rests can have
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three or more flags
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[Music]
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use this chart for reference to rest
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duration
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[Music]
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peach sharp flats and natural notes
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so before we start the topic please
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create an improvised piano
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like this picture above
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[Music]
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what is pitch and natural note
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the pitch means that the note identifies
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on how the lowness or highness of it
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sounds
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which depends on the frequency but
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musicians
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or singers usually not concerned to
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discuss the wavelengths of the
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frequencies instead
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they give the different pitch name which
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are
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c d e f g
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a and b this pitch name
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can be found on the white piece of
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keyboard
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which called natural notes
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what is sharp note and flat note
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a sharp sign means the note
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that is half step higher than the
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natural note
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a flat sign means the note that is half
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step
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lower than the natural note both flat
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and sharp can be found on the black keys
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of a keyboard
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a half step or semitone is the distance
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from one key on the keyboard
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to the next adjacent key key one
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to key two is a half step
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since they are next to each other
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a half step is not always from a white
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key
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to a black key
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in this example t1 and t2
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are still next to each other
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[Music]
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a whole step or whole tone
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or simply tone is the same distance
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as two half steps
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key one to key three is a whole step
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[Music]
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key one to key2 is the first half step
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key to k3 is the second half step
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an accidental is a sign used to raise or
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lower
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the pitch of a note
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the first accidentals that we will
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discuss are the flat
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and the sharp the flat
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lowers a note by a half step while the
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sharp
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rises a note by a half step
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when typing or writing you can use
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a number sign to represent a sharp
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and a b to represent
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a flat
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let's examine the black key in between
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c and d so much better
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you know improvised keyboard
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the natural notes with sharps and flat
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parama
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discussion let's examine the black key
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in between c and d
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this key could be called c sharp
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since it is a half step above
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c
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it could also be called d flat
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since it is half step below
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d another example
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would be e and f
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e could also be called f flat
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since it is half step below f
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likewise f could be called
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e sharp whenever a certain pitch
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has multiple names it is called
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an enharmonic spelling
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next let's discuss the double flat
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and the double sharp
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while flats and sharps alter a note by a
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half step
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the double flat and double sharp
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alter a note by a whole step
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when typing you can use
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a x to represent a double sharp
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and a b b to represent
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a double flat for example
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both d and e double flat
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have the same pitch since
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you can reach d by going a whole step
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or two half steps down from e
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d also sounds the same as
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c double sharp since
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it is a whole step above c
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finally a natural cancels out
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any accidental and return a note to its
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original white key
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[Music]
00:19:22
major keys and scale
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a scale is a variety of certain notes
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within an octave it's made up of seven
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notes
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at the eighth note duplicates the first
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note which in
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higher octave the first scale that we
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will discuss
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is the major scale the major scale
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is constructed with this formula
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w's represent full steps
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and h represent half step
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again much better improves
00:20:09
let's build a c major scale our starting
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note
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will be c from the c
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we will take a whole step to d
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from the d we will take another whole
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step
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to e next we will go
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up a half step to f
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from f the whole step will take
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us to g next
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is another whole step to a
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the last two step takes us to b
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finally the half step returns us
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to c c major
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is c d
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e f g
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a b c
00:21:20
next we will build the a flat major
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scale
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our starting note will be e flat
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the first full step takes us to f
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the second whole step takes us to g
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notice that the half step from g
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takes us to a flat not
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a the whole step
00:21:48
from a flat takes us to bitcla
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the next whole step takes us to c
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the next whole step takes us
00:22:01
to d finally
00:22:04
the half step from d returns us
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to e flat e flat major
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is e flat f
00:22:15
g a flat b flat
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c d e flat
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[Music]
00:22:39
notice the e flat major has three flats
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both e-flats only count once
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[Music]
00:22:50
for our final scale we will build the
00:22:54
d major scale
00:22:57
the first full step takes us to e
00:23:01
from the e the second whole step takes
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us to f sharp
00:23:08
the half step takes us to g
00:23:12
the whole step takes us to a
00:23:16
from a the whole step takes
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us to b from the b
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the whole step takes us to c sharp
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[Music]
00:23:29
finally the half step returns us
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to d d major
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is d e
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f sharp g a
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b c sharp and d
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notice that the d major has two sharps
00:23:53
it is possible to build any major scale
00:23:57
just start on the first note and follow
00:24:00
the formula
00:24:02
pull
00:24:07
[Music]
00:24:10
while there's only one major scale
00:24:13
three different variations of the minor
00:24:15
scale
00:24:16
exists the minor scale that we will
00:24:20
discuss
00:24:21
is a natural minor it's constructed with
00:24:24
this formula
00:24:26
wool hat wool
00:24:30
whole half whole
00:24:33
pool let's build
00:24:36
an a natural minor scale our starting
00:24:40
note
00:24:40
will be a
00:24:44
from a we take a whole step to b
00:24:48
next we take a half step to c
00:24:53
from c a whole step takes us
00:24:57
to d another whole step
00:25:00
takes us to e from
00:25:03
e we go up a half step
00:25:06
to f from f a whole step
00:25:10
takes us to g finally
00:25:14
the last full step returns us to a
00:25:18
a natural minor is
00:25:21
a b c
00:25:24
d e f
00:25:28
g and a
00:25:40
notice that the a natural minor scale
00:25:44
has no notes with accidentals
00:25:48
let's build an g-sharp natural minor
00:25:51
scale
00:25:53
our starting note will be g sharp
00:25:57
from g sharp we take a whole step
00:26:00
to a sharp next
00:26:03
we take a half step to b
00:26:06
from b a whole step takes
00:26:10
us to c sharp another whole step
00:26:14
takes us to d shot
00:26:17
from d sharp we go up a half step
00:26:20
to e from e a whole step
00:26:25
takes us to f sharp finally
00:26:29
the last two step returns us to g
00:26:32
sharp
00:26:35
g sharp natural minor is
00:26:39
g sharp a sharp b
00:26:43
c sharp d sharp e
00:26:47
f sharp and g sharp
00:26:53
[Music]
00:26:59
notice that the g-sharp natural minor
00:27:02
scale
00:27:02
has five sharps
00:27:06
next we will construct the c natural
00:27:09
minor scale
00:27:11
our starting note will be c
00:27:16
the whole step takes us to d
00:27:21
from d a half step takes us
00:27:24
to e flat the following
00:27:27
whole step takes us to f
00:27:31
from f a whole step takes
00:27:34
us to g the half step
00:27:37
from g takes us to a flat
00:27:41
from a flat we take a whole step
00:27:44
to b flat the final full step
00:27:48
returns us to c
00:27:51
c natural minor is c
00:27:55
d e flat f
00:27:59
g a flat b
00:28:02
flat
00:28:04
[Music]
00:28:14
not is that the c natural minor scale
00:28:18
has three flats
00:28:19
[Music]
00:28:21
i hope that you learned a lot from our
00:28:23
lesson
00:28:24
see on our next unit