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In the Balkans, the whole river system
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is under attack.
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When we see beauty they see money.
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Rivers have the power to unite.
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Shouldn't there be something
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that we do not destroy?
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This whole community's journey in life
is tied to the river.
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There can be no life for me here,
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once the river turns to desert.
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When you imagine a river,
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it's basically the same as a tree.
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The main trunk is the river,
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but you have the branches,
all the tributaries.
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Everything is connected.
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It starts with the rain in the mountains.
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It's ferocious, it's flowing fast.
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It's hitting the rocks
and pushing the rocks.
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And then it's aging.
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It meanders.
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It takes its time.
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And then, in the end,
it flows very slowly into the sea.
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No other energy source destroys nature
on such a dimension as hydro power.
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If you build a dam, there's no water left.
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No water for people, no water for fish.
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Trees can't even reach
the groundwater anymore.
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In central Europe,
river after river after river
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has been killed
in the last 50 to 60 years.
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Young people have never seen
a living river.
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They think they've seen one,
but they are regulated channels.
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If there is a Europe,
you know, and we are connected,
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shouldn't there be something
that we do not destroy?
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I grew up in a little town in Germany
and we had a river.
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And my father
learned to swim in that river.
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And I learned to catch trouts
with my bare hand in that river.
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And years later, they built a dam upstream
and the river was gone.
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And that made me, you know... what I am.
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I'm a river person.
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When I first came to the Balkans,
I was completely shocked.
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I thought I know every river in Europe.
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There is nothing comparable
in Europe like this.
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I think Balkan rivers are special,
not just because of the wildlife alone.
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The rivers down here are special because
of the people that live around them.
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It's a combination
with nature and culture.
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People have lived down here
with rivers for millennias.
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They live with the river.
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When they talk,
the river talks through them.
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Since I can remember,
I was somehow connected with rivers.
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It started thanks to my dad,
because he was a fisherman.
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He still is.
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And when I was probably three, four years
old, he would take me fishing with him.
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But I always wanted a bit more than
just fishing there, so I started rowing.
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Somehow, I made it to Olympic Games
in four years,
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got into finals,
but then missed the medal.
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And my promise to myself was:
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I'm going to quit the sport
and really start living.
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In rivers, everything comes together.
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You have a flow of energy
which you can see.
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It's so rich with life.
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It's where water meets the land.
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The wind is different,
the smell is different,
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the feeling next to the river
is different.
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So, if you try and manipulate that,
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you are playing with something really big.
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The story about the Balkan rivers
is a positive story.
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It's something wonderful.
It's about beauty actually.
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But many people
don't see the beauty anymore.
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When we see beauty, they see money.
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We have evidence of about 3,000 hydropower
projects between Slovenia and Greece.
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Literally every single river
would be dammed or diverted.
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It's at the brink, I would say.
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But luckily, people stand up.
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Even in the remotest part of this country,
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people, locals, stand up
and try to stop the dam projects.
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In many places,
we've forgotten to stand up for nature,
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for something that we call home.
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The Vjosa in Albania is probably one of
the most remarkable rivers in the Balkans.
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And I think it's one of the most
remarkable rivers in Europe.
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It flows from the mountains in Greece
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into the Adriatic Sea in Albania
without any artificial obstacles.
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It's the biggest wild river that we have.
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The river is actually
the king of these valleys.
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So, wherever the river wants to go,
it goes.
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It's an enormous mosaic
of different and small habitats.
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The people from Kuta, they would lose
the basis of their existence.
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I am one of Kuta's sons,
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enjoying this wonderful place.
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All this was handed down from
our ancestors to our forefathers,
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to our grandparents, fathers and now us.
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You wish for hills.
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Kuta provides.
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You need arable land.
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Kuta provides.
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And you also wish for a river.
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Kuta is blessed with its river.
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My father considered the Vjosa River
and the hills as his own backyard.
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My father was always outdoors,
along the river or on the mountain.
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Nature was everything we had.
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A couple of years ago,
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I heard the state
was planning a dam in Poҫem.
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The community didn't
understand it at first.
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And nobody asked the community about it.
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We hear they plan to drown us.
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No river left,
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no land,
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no olive trees,
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no cemetery.
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It meant losing everything.
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To build one dam,
the future of all these locals is decided.
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It's not concern about climate change.
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It's not renewable energy.
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It's about money.
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These corrupted people come and tell
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the people of Kuta that they can drown us.
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Only in death
will we leave the Vjosa and Kuta.
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It turned into our motto.
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Instead of saying "Good Morning,"
we'd say "No Dam!
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No Dam!"
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Listen!
We don't want to see the Vjosa ruined.
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We don't want the power plant.
We don't want our lands destroyed.
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Empires have come and gone
from Albania over the centuries.
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But they never eradicated
our language, culture, song, or dress.
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Why should we waste such miracles
to satisfy the whims of some oligarchs?
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Whoever thinks they can suck up the river,
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our rivers will be free!
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Albania is probably
the worst country on the Balkans
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in relation to dam construction.
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They want to build more than 500 dams.
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Every little creek
is threated by hydropower plants.
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But luckily, we were able
to file a lawsuit,
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together with the locals from Kuta.
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They want the Vjosa Valley to be the first
wild river national park in Europe.
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We took the case to court.
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One said "It's like in the jungle...
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the antelope suing the lion."
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The laws are there. The enforcement
is the thing that is missing.
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We have to use those laws, actually.
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Public consultation turned out to be
a really fake one.
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Because none of the local
community affected, directly affected,
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as the law requires,
was consulted for the hydropower.
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When the judge asked whether there had
been any hearing with the community,
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"So, where did this happen?"
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"Do you know where Kuta is?"
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"No, we don't."
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"And who was there? Anyone from Kuta?"
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"Not from Kuta, no."
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All rules have been broken,
meaning this is corruption.
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The government decision is void.
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My colleague called me and said,
"Hey, you know, we won."
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And I said, "What did we won?"
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"We won. The court decided to cancel
the construction contract."
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It was, believe me,
the most emotional day of my life.
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We'll give our lives,
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but not the Vjosa.
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We'll give our lives,
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but not Kuta.
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A lot of people think that hydropower
is green, it's renewable.
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But in fact,
it's one of the worst energy resources
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in relation to nature and to people.
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So, large dams are basically
flooding the canyons.
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So, making lakes out of the rivers.
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And small hydropower plants are taking
the water out of the canyon.
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Ninety percent of all these
hydropower projects on the Balkans
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are so-called
small-scale hydropower plants.
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It's drying out the landscape.
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There's no water left.
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The people that are talking us
into the hydro issue is the old triangle.
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The hydro lobby,
then there's the construction lobby,
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and then there is the bank,
the financial market.
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And the reason why it's so interesting
for most of them is
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that it's very hard to oversee
what the actual price for such a dam is.
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Nobody really knows how many cubic meters
of concrete goes into one.
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So, it's really simple to get
some extra money out of it.
00:18:02
Then you take into account
what is necessary to build such a dam.
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The infrastructure.
You have to build a road, pipelines.
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You have to cut the forest
in order to build transmission lines.
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All these things.
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You know, they can calculate
a huge amount of money,
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and then the taxpayer or the consumer
has to pay that.
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And that opens the gates for corruption.
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It looks really complex, the whole story.
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But at the end of the day,
it's really simple.
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This is politically unstable region,
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where companies and money from abroad
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can make things that
they cannot do in European Union.
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The rest of the earth
is completely dammed.
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There is nowhere else
these lobbies can go to make more money.
00:19:25
The Mavrovo National Park in Macedonia
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is one of the oldest
national parks in Europe.
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It's a mountainous region,
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with a lot of forests and a lot of rivers.
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It's home to one unique species,
it's the Balkan Lynx.
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My name is Panajot Chorovski.
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I was born in Hungary in 1960.
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When I was 16 or 17 years old,
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I truly began to understand
and experience nature.
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My first outings were, so to say,
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a bit tricky.
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I was scared,
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because of beliefs
that were widely spread.
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"The wolves will eat you."
"The bears will eat you."
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"You will get swallowed by the forest."
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And I knew that there was
something called a "lynx".
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That it acts like a tiger, a lion,
but with supernatural traits.
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I managed to overcome those fears.
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I went into the wild
and it relaxed my mind.
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So, with a full heart and soul,
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I've dedicated myself to nature.
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I started going into the mountains
alone in Western Macedonia.
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And I started hunting.
Small game, big game.
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But the honest hunt,
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it's a primordial,
thousand year-old tradition
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built into the bone marrow of humans.
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I've had encounters with bears,
encounters with wolves.
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I've seen fish spawning,
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butterflies swarming.
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Walking the mountains,
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I encountered two lynx cubs.
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The lynx is a very rare, secretive animal.
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Very hard to spot.
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Rarely will people brag
that they've even seen a lynx trail,
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not to mention the animal itself!
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We were informed that a hunter from Kicevo
photographed the Balkan Lynx.
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I saw these photos,
and, actually, were the first time
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I've ever seen small Balkan Lynx cubs.
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Most people have never seen even traces.
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There are probably less than
50 specimens left in the world.
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And we could now prove
that the Balkan Lynx
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is not only living in the national park,
but is reproducing.
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These photos that I took, of the cubs,
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since then, a wheel of fortune
started revolving, so to speak.
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In Macedonia, some people who I respect,
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they went on to protect the lynx.
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We had a chance to catch several for
scientific purposes and put GPS on them.
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The biggest threats of the survival
of the Balkan Lynx
00:25:07
is its habitat destruction
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and habitat fragmentation.
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So the lynx depends on prey.
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That prey, for example, deer,
depends on the rivers.
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So, if you dam the river,
you destroy the habitat for their prey.
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That means you're endangering
that species.
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This cat actually relies on these rivers.
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And they want to build 19 dams
inside the national park.
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Why on Earth
do you establish a national park
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when you build dams in there?
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It's either-or.
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If you have the dams,
you won't have the cat.
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So, we filed a complaint
to the Berne Convention,
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that is a convention
of natural habitats and biodiversity,
00:26:02
saying Macedonia is breaking
these conventions that they've signed.
00:26:27
The important thing is that the future
is not all rosy, it is a bit thorny,
00:26:33
but I believe the lynx
will manage to survive.
00:27:24
If you talk about the Balkans, you think
basically about the war in the '90s,
00:27:29
ethnic problems, maybe refugees.
00:27:41
The region is famous for conflict.
00:27:46
People here went through
really difficult things.
00:27:52
But all I know about the conflict
is from hearing other stories.
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The Balkan rivers survived, miraculously,
over the decades of destruction.
00:28:30
Bosnia Herzegovina is one of the most
beautiful countries within the Balkans.
00:28:44
They have mountains,
they have pristine forests,
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and crystal clear rivers.
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We have 244 rivers in Bosnia Herzegovina,
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and we have plan
for 300 new hydropower plants to be built.
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And that basically means
that almost on all rivers,
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hydropower plants are planned,
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and on some of them, dozens.
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I was born on 14 April 1962 in Fojnica.
00:29:43
My mother was a housewife
and my father worked.
00:29:51
They had eleven children.
I have 5 brothers and 5 sisters.
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We grew everything ourselves.
00:30:00
We grew vegetables, we had our own fields
and grew potatoes and corn.
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That's what we had.
00:30:11
But when it comes to
our politicians and our government,
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it's a catastrophe.
00:30:22
My name is Amela, and we are standing
next to the Kruščica River.
00:30:27
This river is drinking water.
00:30:29
We supply more than
100,000 people in Zenica,
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over 50,000 people in Vitez,
and more to surrounding areas.
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You know that drinking water
is the source of life.
00:31:09
A friend called me and told me
that the machine had arrived.
00:31:18
All of us arrived, we did not let them
destroy our river, our treasure.
00:31:29
The first machines came to the mountains
00:31:34
to construct the hydroelectric plants.
00:31:39
The residents of Kruščica stood in front
of those machines and stopped them,
00:31:43
made them return.
00:31:48
We made a shed.
00:31:52
We put a furnace inside,
so that we could survive there.
00:31:58
So we were on guard duty here,
day and night.
00:32:05
Since the second of August,
24 hours a day,
00:32:07
rain or shine, whether it's hot or windy,
00:32:12
the residents of Kruščica
have been on the bridge.
00:32:18
We are keeping watch,
00:32:21
not letting any trucks through that
would construct the hydroelectric plants.
00:32:28
You can see where we are staying,
where we live.
00:32:32
We are freezing 24 hours a day.
00:32:38
The tycoons have nothing left to exploit,
apart from the natural resources,
00:32:45
apart from the forest,
apart from the water,
00:32:48
the untouched resources that still remain.
00:32:53
We were here for 325 days,
00:32:56
but we were always joined by friends from
other places, so the shed was always full.
00:33:05
Maybe I will end up in prison,
it doesn't matter,
00:33:07
but at least I will
tell them what I think.
00:33:10
No water would be left in this river.
00:33:14
We will fight until the last man standing.
00:33:43
"BRIDGE OF THE BRAVE WOMEN FROM KRUŠČICA"
00:33:52
On August 24th, 2017, we got the
information that special units would come,
00:33:58
and 55 women sat down on the bridge
to defend it, to not let any machine pass.
00:34:11
They stopped far from us,
maybe 50 meters away,
00:34:15
got out of their vehicles
and started discussing amongst themselves.
00:34:26
They approached us and told us
00:34:30
that we have only 3 minutes
to clear the bridge.
00:34:47
Of course, we wouldn't
get up from the bridge,
00:34:50
because we thought they wouldn't touch us,
00:34:52
and after three minutes, one of the main
guys leading the special unit,
00:34:58
he only said "Go",
00:35:02
and they went for us.
00:35:05
They started beating us.
00:35:23
They beat us, stomped us with their feet,
00:35:27
hit us with their elbows, cursed our God.
00:35:30
There were women who fell unconscious.
00:35:34
They hit me personally twice
with their fists in the back of my head,
00:35:37
that is when I fainted.
00:35:39
Show them what they're fighting!
00:35:47
The entire Lasva Valley
could hear our screams, our cries.
00:36:20
To answer everyone's question--
00:36:22
why were our men behind us,
why didn't they stand before us?
00:36:25
Because we wouldn't let them.
00:36:29
The police could do anything
they wanted to the men,
00:36:32
but we never thought
that they would beat women.
00:36:55
One day, a friend of mine and I
were keeping watch and the police came,
00:36:58
and they asked me
if I could get out of the car.
00:37:06
He said,
00:37:07
"A flatbed should come by today
to take away the machine."
00:37:15
When it was all over,
I felt like a huge weight had been lifted.
00:37:29
We fight together,
because only together can we survive.
00:37:35
We all want to defend our beauty,
00:37:41
our water,
00:37:43
God willing, we will not
allow it to be destroyed.
00:37:51
We will not let them have the river,
and that is all. That is all.
00:38:03
We are stronger together. And if anyone
tries this again, we will unite again.
00:38:09
Do you have any daughters?
00:38:11
I do.
00:38:12
They came here as well.
00:38:14
They came here as well.
00:38:16
And what did they think of their moms?
00:38:18
That we are heroes.
00:39:17
Rivers have the power to unite people.
00:39:21
No matter what nation they are,
no matter what religion,
00:39:25
river is the same for everybody.
00:39:27
In the end, it's David against Goliath,
and it always will be, you know?
00:39:31
But it's important for David
00:39:33
to kick Goliath's ass
as hard as you can.
00:39:37
"FREEDOM FOR RIVERS!"
00:39:42
The people inside the Balkans,
they would be helpless on their own.
00:39:46
But all together, we have a chance.
00:39:48
No dams! No dams! No dams!
00:39:56
The whole community is waking up.
00:40:02
You don't need to be
a biologist or a scientist
00:40:05
if you want to be
a nature conservationist.
00:40:09
You just need to be a human with a voice.