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[Music]
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hello and welcome back to
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the general chemistry course of the
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knowledge catalog
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hi this is a chemistry nine and we are
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now on learning competency number eight
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recognize the general classes and uses
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of organic compounds
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um this uh video is going to be
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uh you know a very thorough discussion
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of the following parts a discussion on
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properties of organic compounds
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activity 3 the harder carbons and then
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activity 5
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alcohol and their uses so if you want to
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follow through with some
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sort of reading material you can open
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your learner's module on unit 2
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module 3 pages 45-54
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let's begin so for the first part is a
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yeah it's a discussion about the
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properties of organic compounds and
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i would like you to look at this
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illustration at this ship
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okay so um it's obviously the fire that
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comes out of
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your stove the usual hunt and it
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is sourced from liquefied petroleum gas
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among the properties of organic
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compounds
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is outdoor odor or
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other yeah it is a smell of the compound
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eye so
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um liquefied petroleum gas is known to
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be other less so
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that like
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that's actually a trivia that most of us
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know already
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because as we know um liquefied
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petroleum gas is commonly used
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in how as household fuel for cooking and
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uh you know um it's also dangerous if we
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just leave it like
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uh open so usually
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necessary right after maduto per
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uh
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okay so next one is viscosity this is
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the measure of a liquid's resistance to
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flow all right so
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um there are no there are uh organic
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compounds that are
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liquid and one of their properties is
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viscosity
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um we may say that the
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uh that do liquids a high liquid slumber
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actually even gases that's why our
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collective term for
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uh for liquids and gases that have the
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ability to flow is
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fluid so yeah viscosity is also known as
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the measure
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of a fluid's resistance to flow so we
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can refer to liquid
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and gases the next property is
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volatility this is the measure of the
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earth of the tendency of a compound to
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evaporate
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if uh if um viscosity is the
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tendency of it is the tendency of a
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material to resist flow volatility in a
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minus a tendency of a material of a
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compound to evaporate to turn from
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uh liquid state to gaseous states and
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vowel
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ether either alcohol is uh
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at room temperature supposed to be
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liquid when kept inside the bottle
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burrow at room temperature it can also
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evaporate because it absorbs kinetic
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energy from the surroundings making it
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turn from
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uh liquid to gas and so some i know
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there are organic compounds that are
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more volatile than others
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so yeah some organical past tend to
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evaporate uh
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faster than others
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the next and last if i'm mistaken uh
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property of organic compound that we are
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going to talk about is flammability
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it is the ability of material to catch
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fire easily so most organic compounds
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are known to be flammable
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such as acid such as acetone um ether
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alcohol
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metal alcohol yeah
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so that's it for the properties of
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organic compounds simply in this
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question onion okay you just need to
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remember those
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um remember that this video is intended
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for grade nine
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students in the philippines and uh that
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is the reason why
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uh this is such a very simplified
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discussion about the properties of
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organic composite i know
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that there are more to that pero again
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the learning competency only requires
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these students greater than you gradient
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student to
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just remember those simple properties of
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organic compounds let us now move to
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activity number three
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the hydrocarbons so the objectives of
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this
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of this activity are the following first
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is to recognize common kinds of alkanes
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alkenes and alkynes and their uses
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second objective is to identify the
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types of bonds formed in energy alkanes
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alkenes and all kinds
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and then the third objective is to
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relate the structures of alkanes
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locates and alkynes to their properties
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you need
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you will need a paper and a pencil for
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this activity
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okay so i would like to observe the
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following alkanes from methane
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to octane so the phases
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it means what kind of phase do they have
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at room temperature or
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normally inside the bottle so methane's
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caches
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ethane propane and butane are all
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gaseous pentane to obtain our liquid
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this is also their condensed structural
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formula we are not showing here
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um you know we are not going to we are
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not
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really showing here the molecular and
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the empirical formula for them
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pineal giveaway but in addition to the
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one carbons and then these are their
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boiling points and if you notice we
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start from negative
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162 until it stands until it becomes
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a positive value 36 until 126.
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you may pause this video if you need
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more time observing
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if you have decided to continue let's
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move to the next table
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the next table is a table of alkenes
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okay it starts from ethene
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to and it ends with one hexane all right
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so
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ethene has this condensed structural
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formula it has this
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this phase same for until one next thing
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hex scene i'm so sorry i wasn't able to
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change them
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and so we are actually you know we mean
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uh
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this is
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and so and the boiling point is in
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celsius so it starts from negative 104
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to 63. um you will understand later come
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back at xiao one betaine
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hi so we'll be talking about that
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uh later
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okay so next is a table of alkynes
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okay so ethane propine to butane
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and and then pentane
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and so the boiling points are also noted
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here
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you can pause this video if you need
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more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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answer the following questions our first
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question is what are the types of bonds
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present
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in the following alkanes alkenes and all
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kinds
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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answer question number two
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hi so using tables one two three what
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pattern do you observe in terms of the
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phase
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number of carbon atoms structure and
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boiling point of the alkanes
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alkenes and other kinds explain the
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patterns you observe
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pause this video if you need more time
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[Music]
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if you have decided to continue let us
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answer question number three
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what do you think will be the boiling
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point of the next alkane
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alkene and alkyne just give me an
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estimate
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so will the boiling point of each
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hydrocarbon be higher or lower
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explain your answer pause this video
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if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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now answer question number four
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what do you think why do you think some
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hydrocarbons are gases
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and others are liquids
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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now okay check your i know that's answer
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question number five
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i'm so sorry i'm quite excited so why do
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you think are there many hydrocarbon
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compounds
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bucket and damage
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let's
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answer question number six
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what hydrocarbon compounds or why what
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hydrocarbon
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carbon compounds are gases and liquids
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now what are the uses of gaseous
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hydrocarbon compounds
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and liquid hydrocarbon compounds
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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move on
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to checking your own work okay so the
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answer to question number one
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is compounds in alkanes uh group only
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have single bonds between carbon atoms
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whereas in alkenes
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double bonds between carbon atoms and
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then alkynes they have at least
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one triple bond between carbon atoms and
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the compounds
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so one one single i mean for alkanes
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single bonds
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four alkenes double bonds and for
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alkynes at least
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one triple bond let us now move to
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question number
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the answer to question number two the
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physical state of the alkanes from
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methane to butane
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is gas and from pentane to octane liquid
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the reason for this is related to the
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structure of the compounds
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if the molecule of the compound is small
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leaving a molecule
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it interacts less with each other just
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like methane it is likely to be gaseous
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compound to be a gaseous compound
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when the molecules become bigger in size
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or structure they can
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closely interact with each other and
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they will become more likely to be
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liquid
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just like in the case of octane since
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mass malignant
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molecules of hydrocarbons
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there is less interaction between the
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atoms so must negative
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lose select making them gaseous when
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uh say for instance obtained with
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eight carbon atoms they there's a
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high tendency for these carbon atoms to
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interact closely
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making them stay liquid octane molecules
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has a very
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has very long structure that makes it
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too heavy to become
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a gaseous compound the trend the trend
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in the face of compounds is also the
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same with alkenes and all kinds so not
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just in alkanes
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but also in alkenes and alkynes
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nakapagal in bahamas
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compound must not giving
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the phase of alkenes and alkynes is a
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gas where the molecules are small and
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becomes
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liquid as the molecules become bigger
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the trend is the structures of the
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compounds in arcanes alkenes and alkynes
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is the same
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the size of the structures of the
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compounds
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is increasing because the compounds
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become bigger
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or longer so i would like to keep that
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in mind if you want to
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to take note of it again you can just
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repeat what i said
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but now let us move on to question to
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the answer to question number
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three okay the trend in the boiling
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point of the compounds in alkanes
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alkenes and alkynes are also in
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increasing patterns so the positive
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neutex starts with an unsuper negative
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until
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super positive this is because of their
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structures
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as the structures of the compounds
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become bigger they also interact more
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with each other
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same reason bigger molecules can with
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that interact with each other
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more strongly require higher temperature
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parameter evaporates the lessons
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there is a closer interactions among a
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bigger
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that's why they have higher boiling
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points
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so eating a molecule
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there's also less interaction between
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carbon atoms they're
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more loose they will have lower boiling
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points
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good and share all right let's now move
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on to question number to the answer to
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question number four
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the reason why there are hydrocarbons
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that are gases and liquids
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is because of the structure or the size
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of the molecules of the compounds that
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as it was said in the previous answers
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when the molecules are small they tend
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to interact
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less with each among each other as it
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was said also
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smaller molecules are all usually gases
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and when molecules have bigger
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structures
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they interact more with each other thus
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bigger molecules tend to settle
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in liquid state so i hope that there is
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no
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need for further iteration
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okay so that's not proceeded question
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the answer to question number five
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the reason for so many hydrocarbon
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compounds is the carbon atom
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carbon has carbon atoms have four
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valence electrons
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this atomic structure of the carbon
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makes it possible to form many types of
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bonds
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with other elements and with other
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carbon atoms the formation of these
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bonds results in
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many different hydrocarbons
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major reason it is the number of valence
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electrons in carbon which is four
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it allows it to have different kinds of
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bonds with
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other carbon or with other elements to
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form hydrocarbons
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okay so that the answer to the last
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question
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common examples of gaseous hydrocarbons
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are methane
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butane protein and ethene or ethylene or
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acetylene
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methane gas is the most common
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hydrocarbon it is used as a fuel for
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cigarette lighters
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and lpg it is also mixed with other
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fuels for
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vehicles but i think cigarette lighters
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are mostly fueled by butane
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butane is a gas used as a fuel planted
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with other
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hydrocarbons again to produce lpg
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a thin gas or commonly known as
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acetylene is
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used commonly in flame torch that is
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used in welding of iron
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and it is also used in hastening
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hastening
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the ripening of fruits so those are
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common hydrocarbons and their uses
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we're now through with activity number
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three the hydrocarbons let us now move
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to
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high alcohols and they're used as
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activity number five
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the objectives for this um for this
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activity are the following the first one
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is to recognize the uses of common
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alcohols
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and then identify the similarities in
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the structures
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of different kinds of alcohols and then
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relate the similarities to the common
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properties they have
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and so the materials you will be needing
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are the following paper and pencil
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because i will be providing the
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illustrations for some common i know
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some common alcohols
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and so um we have the first one as
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family rubbing alcohol it's a 70
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solution it's uh for externally external
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use only
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and this is one of my personal favorites
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because it has moisturizer
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it's casino fam it's else it's an ether
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alcohol
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and it's 70 solution the next one is
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pyogenic this is a very fragrant one i
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personally
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use this it's an isopropyl alcohol
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70 solution it says it goes 99.9 percent
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of
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uh germs and this one is uh
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israelia isopropyl alcohol it's a 70
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solution alcohol it's antiseptic and
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disinfectant so
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you just have to know the name of the
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products the name of alcohol alcohols
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present in the product
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the percentage or the amount of alcohol
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in the product and then the uses
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remember that 70 solution refers to 70
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70 parts alcohol per 30 parts of water
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so i'll give you more time i'll give you
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time to
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finish this table you can write this on
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your activity paper or on your notebooks
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if you need more time you can pause this
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video
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if you have decided to continue let us
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now move
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to the following questions all right so
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the common products what are the common
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products that contain
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alcohol so i think you can answer this
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question
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easily with the use of your table
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next question is why are alcohols
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important
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you can pause this video if you need
00:17:06
more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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move to question
00:17:12
number three what types of bonds are
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present in either alcohol
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methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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now move to
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question number four what accounts for
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the similar physical properties of
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alcohols
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pause this video if you need more time
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if you have decided to continue let us
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move to
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the the answers to the question so again
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family rubbing alcohol
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and then the percentages until real
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alcohol
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so take note of these their uses they
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have a common use disinfection
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and then they are also antiseptic so for
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the answer to question numbers one to
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two just uh look at these
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okay the answers are already here for
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question number three the answer is the
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structure of the alcohols in this
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activity only have
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single bonds so take note of that
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they all have single bonds
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the answer to question number four is
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alcohols have the same hydroxyl or that
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oh
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group as their functional group that is
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why they have
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some similar properties or
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characteristics
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and so that's for question number four
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they have the same hydroxyl group
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the next one question all right so
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that's for question number four demo but
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that's the last question
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yeah so that's the last question so
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we're done with activity number five
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users of common alcohols and so
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um in this session you were able to do
00:18:55
the following engage in the discussion
00:18:57
about the properties of organic
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compounds
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second is activity number three the
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hydrocarbons and lastly activity number
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five alcohol
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and their uses again this is a degrading
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chemistry and we're still trying to
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master this learning competency this is
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sir carlos and i hope that i'll be
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seeing you
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in the next video have a good day
