History of World Lit # 1

00:13:48
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXNB9ahh0CA

概要

TLDRIn this video, the instructor provides an overview of world literature from ancient times to the modern period, specifically from 1000 BC. Ancient Greek literature, which forms the basis of liberal arts education, includes writers like Aristotle, Plato, and Homer. It is the foundation from which much of Western literature stems. The development of the English language began around 450 AD in Britain, with Anglo-Saxon literature primarily oral until it became written around 1000 AD, producing works like Beowulf. Middle English transitioned these into a slightly more modern language, featuring works like The Canterbury Tales. The Renaissance marked a transformation with figures like Shakespeare and the introduction of Elizabethan literature. Neoclassicism followed, focusing on classical virtues like simplicity and order. Puritan literature in the US was plain and straightforward, reflecting their lifestyle. The Age of Reason shifted focus to rationality over religion, exemplified by figures like Benjamin Franklin during the American Revolution. Finally, Romanticism emerged as an artistic and intellectual movement across Western Europe and America, emphasizing emotions and nature, with authors like Edgar Allan Poe contributing to its themes.

収穫

  • 📜 The video introduces a history of world literature for AP literature students.
  • 🎓 Ancient Greek literature is foundational to Western literary education.
  • 🗣️ The English language evolved around 450 AD from Anglo-Saxon origins.
  • 📚 Middle English literature includes works like The Canterbury Tales.
  • 🌟 The Renaissance and Elizabethan literature introduced cultural transformations.
  • 📏 Neoclassicism looked back to classical virtues with a penchant for simplicity.
  • ⚖️ The Age of Reason emphasized rationality and logic over religious traditions.
  • 🇺🇸 Puritan literature in the US was marked by its straightforward nature.
  • 🌿 Romanticism emphasized emotionality and natural beauty.
  • 📖 The instructor shares slides for note-taking and lasting reference.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video emphasizes the historical context of literature from ancient Greek times to Middle English. The instructor highlights ancient Greek literature as foundational, mentioning philosophers like Aristotle and Plato, and literary works such as Antigone and The Odyssey. The transition to the English language and Anglo-Saxon literature is discussed, focusing on the oral traditions and beginnings of written English with works like Beowulf. The video also delves into Middle English literature, explaining its complexity and the necessity of reading translated versions of texts such as The Canterbury Tales.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:13:48

    The video transitions to discussing the Renaissance and its impact on English literature and art, emphasizing figures like Shakespeare and Marlowe. It describes the cultural and linguistic transformations during this period and introduces the neoclassical movement, which looked back to classical texts for inspiration. This artistic period valued simplicity and order, drawing upon ancient Greek virtues. The discussion moves to American Puritan literature, characterized by its plain style and lack of literary devices, reflecting the Puritan’s austere lifestyle. The Age of Reason is briefly touched upon, noting its emphasis on rationality and the beginnings of democracy, setting the stage for Romanticism, which celebrated emotions and nature, breaking traditional artistic norms, with references to authors like Edgar Allen Poe.

マインドマップ

Mind Map

よくある質問

  • When is the quiz scheduled?

    There will be a quiz next Wednesday covering the content of both videos.

  • Will slides be provided?

    Slides will be shared on Google Classroom to aid understanding of the complex material.

  • Should students take notes?

    Students are encouraged to take notes as the material will be referenced throughout the year.

  • Which time period does the course cover?

    The course covers from 1000 BC to the present.

  • When did the English language originate?

    The language first appeared in Britain around 450 AD through the influences of the Anglo-Saxons and the Jutes.

  • What characterized Puritan literature in the US?

    Puritan literature in the United States is known for its plain style without irony or hyperbole.

  • What was emphasized during the Age of Reason?

    Literature during the Age of Reason emphasized rationality, logical thinking, and intellectual pursuits over religious tradition.

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  • 00:00:00
    okay class at the beginning of ap
  • 00:00:02
    Literature I always go for this history
  • 00:00:04
    of world literature I do this so that
  • 00:00:07
    you understand the various literary time
  • 00:00:09
    periods as well as you understand the
  • 00:00:12
    idea of the basic history of literature
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    and how it fits into what we're gonna
  • 00:00:16
    discuss throughout the year there will
  • 00:00:18
    be a quiz on Wednesday of next week that
  • 00:00:21
    covers these two videos because this
  • 00:00:24
    will be two nights worth of videos I
  • 00:00:26
    don't normally share my slides but
  • 00:00:29
    because of the complexity and vastness
  • 00:00:32
    of the information I will be sharing the
  • 00:00:35
    slides on Google classroom as well if
  • 00:00:39
    you want to print them out if you want
  • 00:00:41
    to take notes on them it's your call on
  • 00:00:43
    how you handle it but I do suggest
  • 00:00:46
    taking notes because this is something
  • 00:00:48
    that's going to much like how to read
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    literature like a professor this is
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    going to be something that we cover and
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    use all year long so we're gonna look
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    specifically from a thousand BC to
  • 00:01:01
    present so looking at this idea of very
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    ancient to very modern okay so the first
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    thing we're gonna look at is ancient
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    Greek literature now a lot of the things
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    you've already read in high school and
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    in middle school fit into these various
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    genres and literary movements that
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    you've already looked at and discussed
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    but you just didn't necessarily realize
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    that this was all really a build-up to
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    AP literature now ancient Greek
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    literature is the form it's the basis of
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    liberal arts education and has been
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    taught since organized education began
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    so these are the very first pieces of
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    literature it includes philosophical
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    treatises it includes epic poetry and
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    includes myths and plays noticing the
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    authors here Aristotle Plato Sophocles
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    Homer they're all very ancient but yet
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    very influential in the idea of what
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    they teach and what they go over okay so
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    keeping this in mind you've read
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    Antigone you've read The Odyssey so you
  • 00:02:07
    have a background in ancient Greek
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    literature we will not do stuff from
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    Aristotle and Plato I will
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    for two at at times and we might bring
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    some stuff up but we will definitely
  • 00:02:17
    refer back to the Odyssey and Antigone
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    in some fashion throughout the year now
  • 00:02:25
    English language first started to come
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    around in 450 ad now the first place the
  • 00:02:32
    English language came about is in
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    Britain when the anglo-saxons and the
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    Jutes Caesar tribes nomadic tribes that
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    came from from Germany and came from
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    Scandinavia and they invaded the Celts
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    in Britain they brought in the various
  • 00:02:51
    aspects of their language and they
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    melded them all together and formed
  • 00:02:56
    English now traditionally anglo-saxon
  • 00:03:01
    literature was orally produced it wasn't
  • 00:03:04
    written down and usually it wasn't
  • 00:03:07
    written down till about 500 years later
  • 00:03:09
    so 450 ad is when the language started
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    to circulate and around a thousand ad is
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    when it actually started to become
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    written down now this very much is an
  • 00:03:21
    oral form it is the bulk of the prose
  • 00:03:25
    literature its historical or its
  • 00:03:27
    religious and nature the idea is that
  • 00:03:29
    you're using it to teach morals to your
  • 00:03:32
    society you're using its teaching values
  • 00:03:35
    Beowulf is an example here of the idea
  • 00:03:38
    of an epic historical aspects that
  • 00:03:43
    teaches the society about warrior values
  • 00:03:46
    and how to be a good warrior and how to
  • 00:03:48
    be that perfect moral aspect within
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    society and how to be larger than life
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    and that tradition falls down for about
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    500 years and it is the first beginning
  • 00:04:01
    of literature in English we have then
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    middle English this is the transition
  • 00:04:08
    from the English accents into a more
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    modern English literature this time
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    period saw a flowering of secular
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    literature it includes ballads and
  • 00:04:18
    poetry we will go over sonnets we will
  • 00:04:22
    discuss aspects of the Divine Comedy and
  • 00:04:25
    we will read a the opening section or
  • 00:04:27
    direction or prologue of The Canterbury
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    Tales this year the idea here of middle
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    English literature if you read olds
  • 00:04:34
    English like Beowulf or you read Middle
  • 00:04:37
    English like these you will notice that
  • 00:04:40
    they're very difficult to read and
  • 00:04:42
    understand we will look at them in
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    translation as in translated into
  • 00:04:46
    modern-day English because the old-style
  • 00:04:49
    English is so difficult to understand
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    and read because they didn't have
  • 00:04:54
    specialized spelling laws they didn't
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    have grammar rules that we apply today
  • 00:04:58
    and their words meant different things
  • 00:05:01
    so we very much have translated it into
  • 00:05:04
    a modern English so it is the idea that
  • 00:05:07
    we are reading it in translation
  • 00:05:09
    Shakespeare fits into this in
  • 00:05:11
    translation aspect as well sometimes if
  • 00:05:14
    you read the more modern aspects of it
  • 00:05:17
    but we are definitely going to cover all
  • 00:05:19
    of these in some fashion from Middle
  • 00:05:21
    English literature this will be where we
  • 00:05:23
    spend the bulk of time with our our
  • 00:05:28
    beginning historical poetry and when
  • 00:05:31
    we're looking at the Canterbury Tales
  • 00:05:33
    itself which is an epic poem in essence
  • 00:05:35
    the Renaissance
  • 00:05:37
    now the Renaissance is this
  • 00:05:40
    transformation its artistic its cultural
  • 00:05:43
    but it's a transformation of both the
  • 00:05:44
    English language and literature as well
  • 00:05:46
    as art movements and it fits in and be
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    really begins that idea and moves
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    through Elizabethan literature
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    Elizabethan literature is known for
  • 00:05:57
    quinol Queen Elizabeth the first who
  • 00:05:59
    reigned for about 40 to 50 years in
  • 00:06:03
    Britain through basically the latter
  • 00:06:07
    half of the 1500s until she passed away
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    in 1606 and her cousin King James the
  • 00:06:13
    first took over and really pushed on and
  • 00:06:17
    fed the language in the philosophy even
  • 00:06:20
    more so that Renaissance that idea of
  • 00:06:22
    that involving and that transformation
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    and that culture in their art and this
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    is where Shakespeare comes in you'll
  • 00:06:29
    notice these things and this is not just
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    a British movement Cervantes and Don
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    Quixote is Spanish we have Shakespeare
  • 00:06:37
    in here Marlowe is one of Shakespeare's
  • 00:06:39
    best friend
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    and that dr. Faustus is a great play we
  • 00:06:43
    have lots of poetry and plays john donne
  • 00:06:46
    edmund spenser john milton we will not
  • 00:06:50
    read Paradise Lost by John Milton but we
  • 00:06:52
    will read some of his sonnets and the
  • 00:06:55
    Renaissance definitely takes on the
  • 00:06:57
    aspects of the literature that we've
  • 00:06:59
    seen happen before specifically a lot
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    from the Greeks and a lot from Beowulf
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    in Canterbury Tales and pulling them
  • 00:07:08
    into this more artistic and cultural
  • 00:07:12
    aspect okay neoclassicism noticing that
  • 00:07:17
    our literary movements are basically
  • 00:07:19
    taking place we're at a time right now
  • 00:07:21
    but as we get closer in history and we
  • 00:07:23
    become more modern it the movement
  • 00:07:27
    started to really take place at the same
  • 00:07:28
    time but neoclassicism this is where
  • 00:07:30
    artists looked to the classical texts so
  • 00:07:33
    they went back to the Greeks they went
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    back to Canterbury Tales but they went
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    back to these with this idea of looking
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    at classical virtues they wanted the
  • 00:07:44
    simplicity the order the restraint the
  • 00:07:46
    logic the economy the accuracy and the
  • 00:07:48
    decorum to be produced
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    they had rules if a poem had so many
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    lines and had a certain rhyme scheme and
  • 00:07:57
    what it was called the idea of rhyme
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    schemes came about to the idea of the
  • 00:08:02
    the logic and the idea of the how things
  • 00:08:06
    were built how the plot diagram whence
  • 00:08:09
    how the pleat piece was narrated and how
  • 00:08:12
    much definitely built on those ancient
  • 00:08:15
    Greek classics this is where allusions
  • 00:08:19
    come in and where we start alluding back
  • 00:08:21
    to those classical pieces like the
  • 00:08:23
    ancient Greeks and like the Bible and
  • 00:08:26
    our pieces here remember Jonathan Swift
  • 00:08:29
    from 11th grade who wrote a modern
  • 00:08:32
    proposal that was a nonfiction piece
  • 00:08:34
    here he writes goal of vertical verse
  • 00:08:36
    travels some of you might have seen the
  • 00:08:38
    movie but that idea of the Lilliputians
  • 00:08:40
    and those little tiny midgets and the
  • 00:08:43
    idea of that big giant being Gulliver
  • 00:08:46
    and him walking around and with that
  • 00:08:48
    idea of that classical essence of how
  • 00:08:51
    people are treated in society the next
  • 00:08:53
    one this is where we start getting to
  • 00:08:55
    United States more because not not only
  • 00:08:58
    has have people and the Puritans
  • 00:09:01
    specifically moved away from England but
  • 00:09:05
    we have this break in literature styles
  • 00:09:08
    so here we see this Puritan literature
  • 00:09:11
    and Puritans plain style it's
  • 00:09:14
    specifically to the United States it's
  • 00:09:17
    very plain
  • 00:09:18
    there is no irony there's no humor
  • 00:09:20
    there's no hyperbole it's very
  • 00:09:22
    straightforward and topics are very
  • 00:09:24
    limited
  • 00:09:25
    the literary devices that are used are
  • 00:09:27
    not meant to be these extra imagery
  • 00:09:33
    things they're not meant to be flowery
  • 00:09:36
    they're meant only to help you
  • 00:09:37
    understand the writers purpose ok we
  • 00:09:41
    will look at some of the poetry from
  • 00:09:44
    this time period and how plain it is and
  • 00:09:46
    how lacking in love it is and how
  • 00:09:48
    lacking an imagery it is it will seem a
  • 00:09:50
    little boring but it definitely fits
  • 00:09:52
    into the constricted lifestyle of a
  • 00:09:54
    Puritan and how plain it is it also fits
  • 00:09:57
    into their literature itself now the age
  • 00:10:01
    of Reason happens from 1730 to 1800 this
  • 00:10:06
    is the idea that the emphasis on
  • 00:10:10
    rationality rather than religious
  • 00:10:12
    tradition so people are moving away from
  • 00:10:14
    their religious tradition and starting
  • 00:10:16
    to become more of this idea of rational
  • 00:10:18
    and logical thinking this is where
  • 00:10:21
    Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson the
  • 00:10:22
    American Revolution happens and very
  • 00:10:25
    much is that constructive deism that
  • 00:10:28
    belief that reason leads us to some
  • 00:10:30
    basic religious truths and that morality
  • 00:10:33
    is an intellectual pursuit rather than a
  • 00:10:36
    religious one so that idea is that you
  • 00:10:38
    morally move after something because
  • 00:10:41
    it's the right thing to do not
  • 00:10:43
    necessarily because it's the religious
  • 00:10:45
    thing to do and that constructive deism
  • 00:10:48
    is part of the literary movement you
  • 00:10:51
    also have this idea of scientific
  • 00:10:52
    inquiry coming in here you have
  • 00:10:55
    representative government in place of a
  • 00:10:57
    monarchy this is the beginning of
  • 00:10:58
    democracy and the beginning of the
  • 00:11:01
    United States this fits in with like the
  • 00:11:03
    Declaration of Independence the
  • 00:11:04
    Constitution it's that age of reason
  • 00:11:07
    that logic nests
  • 00:11:08
    that emphasis on justice liberty and
  • 00:11:10
    equality along with this intellectual
  • 00:11:13
    pursuit in the highest form of human
  • 00:11:15
    consciousness faith is good and it fits
  • 00:11:19
    in with this dignity and this human
  • 00:11:21
    goodness but it's but it requires that
  • 00:11:24
    logic to go along with it
  • 00:11:26
    no romanticism notice here that it does
  • 00:11:30
    not say United States this romanticism
  • 00:11:34
    is all over Western Europe and spreads
  • 00:11:36
    to America at the same time period
  • 00:11:39
    now romanticism is artistic its
  • 00:11:41
    intellectual it's the main underlying
  • 00:11:44
    aspects of neither theism nor D ISM so
  • 00:11:48
    no religion no individual can adequately
  • 00:11:50
    answer the question of man's
  • 00:11:52
    relationship with God this is the idea
  • 00:11:54
    that romanticism isn't this idea that
  • 00:11:57
    man and woman meet they fall in love and
  • 00:11:59
    first sight they live happily ever after
  • 00:12:02
    romanticism is this idea and the belief
  • 00:12:04
    that there's a natural goodness of man
  • 00:12:06
    and the idea and man in the state of
  • 00:12:09
    nature would come together and we behave
  • 00:12:13
    in a way that keeps civilization running
  • 00:12:16
    in this romantic aspect it doesn't mean
  • 00:12:19
    that we're being romantic with nature it
  • 00:12:21
    means that we're being romantic not
  • 00:12:23
    necessarily making out and kissing but
  • 00:12:25
    romantic within ourselves and our love
  • 00:12:28
    and understanding of nature and human
  • 00:12:32
    beings and civilization it's a revolt
  • 00:12:35
    against the artistic against the social
  • 00:12:37
    against the political norms it's
  • 00:12:40
    influenced by the ideas of enlightenment
  • 00:12:43
    particularly ones that were passed it's
  • 00:12:46
    very much in this idea of moving away
  • 00:12:50
    from the formality so you're coming in
  • 00:12:53
    here and you're coming in with more
  • 00:12:55
    gothic types of things you notice this
  • 00:12:58
    time period this is Edgar Allen Poe if
  • 00:13:00
    we're talking America it's strong
  • 00:13:02
    emotional it's very aesthetic experience
  • 00:13:05
    it's placing new emphasis on emotions
  • 00:13:09
    such as trepidation or the awe
  • 00:13:11
    experience and it's confronting the
  • 00:13:14
    sublimity of nature noticing something
  • 00:13:17
    so this is where Frankenstein comes in
  • 00:13:19
    this is Dracula comes into this time
  • 00:13:21
    period
  • 00:13:22
    this is when Edgar Allan Poe like I said
  • 00:13:25
    Rip Van Winkle last of the Mohicans
  • 00:13:28
    lots and lots and lots of poetry that
  • 00:13:30
    we're gonna cover comes from the
  • 00:13:31
    romantics but definitely that idea of
  • 00:13:34
    breaking the norms from what's going on
  • 00:13:37
    and taking place during the time period
  • 00:13:40
    okay we're gonna go ahead and break here
  • 00:13:41
    for today tomorrow the video will cover
  • 00:13:44
    the rest of the time periods
タグ
  • world literature
  • ancient Greek literature
  • English language
  • Renaissance
  • Romanticism
  • Puritan literature
  • Age of Reason
  • neoclassicism
  • educational video
  • AP literature