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Hi class um today's video is about the
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extinguishment of obligation and this is
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the second to the last topic the last
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video that I will be uploading is about
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contract and good thing about having a
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recorded lecture like this is that you
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can go back and listen to it at your
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most convenient
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time so in this topic um we're going to
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talk about how an obligation can be
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extinguished and there are six modes to
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do So according to article 1231 of The
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Civil Code so article 1231 provides that
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obligations are
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extinguished number one by payment or
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performance number two by the loss of
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the thing DU number three by the
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condonation or remission of the debt
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number four by the confusion or merger
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of the rights of creditor and debtor
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number five by compensation and number
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six by novation so let's go over them
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one by one one first is
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by payment or performance so article
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1232 says that payment means not only
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delivery of money but also the
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performance in any other matter of an
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obligation a de shall not be considered
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paid unless the thing or service in
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which the obligation consists has been
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completely delivered or rendered as the
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case may be so payment means not only
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the delivery of money but also the
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performance depending Upon The
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prestation and again I guess memorize na
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yan that there are three kinds of
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prestation that is the obligation to
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give to do and not to do So obviously
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hindi puro payment of money kasi Iyung
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ibang prestation has something to do
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with performance Uh take note also na
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iyung debt is considered paid lang no as
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i stated here if the thing or service
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has been completely delivered or
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rendered so ex sa obligation to give if
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may utang si detor na Php10,000
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dapat mabayaran ni detor yung buong
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Php10,000
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Otherwise the debt will not be
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extinguished sa personal obligation
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naman like if you're Contracted to sing
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five songs for Php5,000 sa isang
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birthday party no kailangan five songs
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ung Kantahin mo Otherwise obligation
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will not be extinguished now talking
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about payment no sino ba yung may Burden
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to prove that payment has been made kasi
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minsan ' ba Pag umabot na yun sa korte
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nagkas uhan na sino ba yung may Burden
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to prove that payment has been made So
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basically si deor iyan so siya Iyung
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merong
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responsibility to prove na nabayaran
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niya na yyung utang niya but bago umabot
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sa stage that the deor has to prove that
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he or she has paid a de creditor has to
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prove first that the obligation exist So
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yung talaga namang unang nagpa-file yung
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nagpa-file talaga ng suit diyan kapag
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mga bayad-bayad sa mga utang si creditor
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' ba siya kasi yung merong cost of
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action na hindi siya nabayaran so
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kailangan munang i-prove ni creditor
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that the obligation exist kasi pag hindi
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niya ma-prove pwedeng i-dismiss yyung
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case so after niyang ma-prove after ni
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creditor ma-prove that the obligation
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exist the burden of proving payment is
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with the debtor So pupunta na kay de or
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yung burden of proving payment so hindi
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si creditor ang may Burden to prove na
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hindi pa siya nababayaran ni deor si
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deor yung dapat na-prove na nabayaran
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niya na yung debt niya Okay so Again the
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burden of proof lies with the deor and
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then mag-shift na lang yan no kung
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nag-progress yung kaso nila mag-shift na
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lang yan pabalik kay creditor kung
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halimbawang si deor nag-introduce siya
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ng of payment at gusto siyang
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i-continue payment at nabayaran niyo na
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siya hindi naman siya yung Literal na
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receipt na resibo talaga But it could be
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a document
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na-receive No that will evidence that
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the creditor has received the payment
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okay now Sino ba yung pwedeng mag bayad
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ng utang ni detor since we are talking
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about payment here or performance So
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sino ba yung pwedeng magbayad ng utang
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ni detor as a general rule the creditor
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cannot be compelled to accept payment
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from any
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person except from the deor Syempre so
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si debtor talaga yung merong primary
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liability to pay the debt and the rule
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is stated in article 1236 of The Civil
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Code which says that the creditor is not
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bound to accept payment or performance
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by the third person who has no interest
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the fulfillment of the obligation unless
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there is a stipulation to the contrary
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so general rule si deor ang dapat
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magbayad pero may exemption as stated in
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article 1236 so therefore the following
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can compel the creditor to accept
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payment or or performance and who are
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they so yan Number one we have the deor
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Syempre Sabi nga natin siya yung primary
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liable diyan his a airs yung mga
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tagapagmana niya kaya sabi natin before
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Kahit mamatay si detor ' ba ah pwedeng
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yung mga airs niya yung magbayad so same
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Ah so ito na yun yung sinasabi natin na
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yung mga yung mga airs is pwedeng
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bayaran Iyung utang ni detor sines or
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Julie authorized representative number
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two the person authorized by stipulation
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to make payment so meaning to say
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nakalagay talaga doun sa agreement nila
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na bukod kay detor meron paang like
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specific person na pwedeng magbayad ng
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utang on behalf of the detor so in
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authorize siya ni detor and it was
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agreed by the creditor as well and
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number three a third person interested
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in the fulfillment of the obligation so
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when we say third
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person third person hindi talaga siya
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party To The Contract okay and sinasabi
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dito na meron lang right third person to
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compel the creditor to accept the
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payment depending on whether that third
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person has an interest in the
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fulfillment of the obligation So if he
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has
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interest the third person may
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compel the creditor to accept the
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payment ngayon kung wala siyang interest
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doon sa fulfillment of the obligation
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hindi pwedeng i-compile si um creditor
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na tanggapin yung bayad Okay so What is
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the meaning of Sorry What is the meaning
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of having interest in the fulfillment of
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obligation ano bang ibig sabihin yan
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okay pag sinabi nating merong interest
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in the fulfillment of the obligation
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Okay we could say that a person or a
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third person has an interest in the
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extinguishment of the deb's obligation
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if it's non fulfillment will make that
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third
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person
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liable or his property be liable for its
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payment a good example is yung mga
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guarantor andur so hindi naman talaga
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sila yung um contracting parties ' ba
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pero dahil nga sila yung nag-go kay
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detor na mababayaran ni deor yyung Utang
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na iyon so they fall within this
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category na kapag hindi nabayaran ni
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detor yyung obligation or yung debt Okay
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their property Might Be at stake so sila
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yung magiging responsible to pay the
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debt of the debtor kaya meron silang
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interest in the fulfillment of the
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obligation Kasi kapag hindi yun
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nabayaran merong impact or merong effect
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Yun sa kanila so therefore kung si third
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person may interest siya sa fulfillment
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ng obligation
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um compelled si creditor na i-accept
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yyung payment okay but of course sa mga
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ganong case naman no si garantor Kung
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halimbawa man na talagang hindi
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makapagbayad si detor at si si creditor
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will go after the
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guarantor i- indemnified pa rin naman ni
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detor yun So pwede pa rin naman yun
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sisingilin pa rin talaga yun ni garantor
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kay detor Okay so but of course si
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garantor din hindi din naman siya
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pwedeng i-compile na bayaran si creditor
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unless si creditor na- exhaust niya muna
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lahat ng property ni deor and the
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creditor resorted to all the legal
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remedies against the deor so that is
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what we call the benefit of excussion
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pero hindi na natin siya idi-discuss
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deeply Okay so yung sinasabi lang basta
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bago halimbawa hindi pwede na si
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creditor nag-attempt siya na single in
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deor hindi nagbayad si creditor will go
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after the garantor agad Hindi pwede
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kailangan ma-meet yyung mga requirements
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na sinabi ko which is dapat ma-exercise
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remedies na pwede against sa debtor So
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kung lahat yun hindi talaga umubra
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That's the time na the creditor can go
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after the garantor so Itong mga to itg
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from numbers 1 to 3 they can compel the
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creditor to accept the payment but take
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note na hindi rin naman limited sa mga
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ito so itong numbers 1 two 3 yung
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pwedeng magbayad ng utang kay creditor
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on behalf of the detor so ang sinasabi
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lang sa article 1236 is that si creditor
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hindi siya pwedeng pwersahin na
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tanggapin yung
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bayad if hindi si deor yung mismong
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nagbayad at itong mga exemptions na
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nakalagay dito Okay so kahit third
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person yan walang interest ' ba walang
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interest doon sa fulfillment of the
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obligation pwede pa rin yangyang
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magbayad Kung tatanggapin ni creditor
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ang pinagkaiba lang si creditor hindi
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siya pwedeng i-compare hindi siya
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pwedeng person unlike Itong mga to itg
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from numbers 1 to TH they can compel
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creditor to accept the payment so for
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example um Friend ko si detor Alam ko na
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may utang siya kay Mr x So pwede ko bang
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bayaran yung utang ni detor wala akong
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interest doun sa fulfillment of the
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obligation o kung mabayaran ni detor
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yung utang niya wala namang impact sa
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akin yun So pwede ko bang bayaran yung
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utang niya the answer is Yes Kung
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tatanggapin ni creditor pero dahil wala
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naman akong interest d sa fulfillment of
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the obligation pag ayaw tanggapin ni
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creditor hindi ko siya pwedeng
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i-comment so yun yung sinasabi sa
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1236 so I hope nasusundan niyo now Doon
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tayo sa third person who has no interest
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to the fulfillment of the obligation so
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gaya nga ng example ko ako yyung friend
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friend ko si detor wala pero wala akong
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interest d sa fulfillment of the
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obligation may may if effect no yung
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payment ko depending on whether the
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debtor has knowledge about the payment
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or not Okay so ito yan if the payment
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was made without the
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knowledge or against the Will Of The
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debtor ito Iyung effect niya the payer
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can recover from the Deb only in so far
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as the payment has been beneficial to
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the
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deor Okay so In other words the recovery
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is only up to the tent or amount of the
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debt at the time of payment for
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example si detor May utang siya kay B
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amounting to Php20,000 So ngayon si
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detor nabayaran niya na yung kalahati
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yung 10,000 and ako yung friend niya
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Hindi ako aware na bayad niya na yung
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kalahati Ang alam ko lang may utang siya
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kay B na Php20,000
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so sa pagmamagandang loob binayaran ko
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yung buong 20,000 kb ng Hindi alam ni
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detor
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so magkano yung pwede kong i-recover kay
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detor kasi syempre
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detor So ngayon ang hahabulin ko doun sa
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kalahati is si creditor si B na
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tinanggap naman yung bayad kahit alam
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naman yan na bayad na yyung kalahati So
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yun yyung effect kapag the payment was
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made without the knowledge or against
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the Will Of The debtor by a third
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person but if the payment is made with
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the knowledge of the debtor yan so the
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payer shall have the rights of
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reimbursement and subrogation that is to
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recover What has what he has paid and to
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acquire all the rights of the creditor
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So yung difference kapag may knowledge
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si detor is that si third person can be
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subrogated to the rights of the creditor
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so when we say subrogated or Iyung
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subrogation na mine diyan the third
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person will step into the shoes of the
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creditor So lahat ng rights na meron si
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creditor mapupunta yun kay third person
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so let's have a scenario
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Okay Okay so Joel owes Joven the sum of
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Php1,000 if Jason a stranger to the
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obligation so meaning to say si Jason
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third person siya offers to pay Joven
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without the knowledge of Joel What are
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the rights that can be asserted by Jason
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so again what are the rs without the
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knowledge So if the actual indebtedness
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is
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Php1,000 and Jason paid Php1,000 then
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Jason can ask reimbursement for Php1,000
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So pwede niyang masingil si Zel ng
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Php1,000 kasi the actual indebtedness is
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1,000 din naman but if Php400 had
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already been paid by
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Joel then Jason is entitled to be
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reimbursed only for the amount of
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Php600 because it is only to the that
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amount that Joel has been benefited kasi
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bayat niya na yung 400 e so
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Jason can recover Php400 from Joven who
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should not have accepted it okay na
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ngayon kung si Joven tinanggap niya pa
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yung buong ion and he acted in bad fai
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Joven can be liable pa for interest in
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view of damages yan may mga damages pa
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iyan but suppose the payment made by
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Jason sabihin natin i- twist natin yung
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scenario So yung payment made by Jason
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is with knowledge of
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Joel So ano ngayon yung mga rights na
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pwedeng i- assert ni Jason so Jason can
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recover from Joven the Php1,000 with all
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the rights of subrogation to the
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accessory of the obligation so for
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example kung Iyung agreement ni Joel and
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ni Joven Bukod doun sa Php1,000 May naka
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collateral na let's say
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um bisikleta or any item na
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naka-collage ' ba or merong guarantee '
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ba yung agreement nilang dalawa So dahil
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with knowledge ni Joel Iyung payment ko
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ako na ngayon yung mag-step into the
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shoes of the creditor I will be the new
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creditor at lahat ng rights ni Joven
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mapupunta yun sa akin So kung hindi
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makapagbayad si Jowel ng Php1,000 sa
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akin yung mga nakasanla doun o yung mga
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collateral na kasama doun Meron na akong
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right doon because nga subrogated na
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yung rights ni creditor nung naunang
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creditor which is si jovin papunta kay
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Jason so yun yung sinasabi natin na
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subrogation so Jason will now stand in
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the position of the creditor kaya lahat
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ng rights ni joben doon sa agreement
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nila mapupunta yun kay Jason if the
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payment was made with knowledge of Jel
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Okay so yun yung Doon yun yung effect
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kapag si third person yung nagbayad
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tapos with or without knowledge ni detor
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So take note that whether may knowledge
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or wala si ah deor about sa ginawang
00:17:43
payment ni third person is still si
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third person is entitled to recover what
00:17:49
he or she has paid that is according to
00:17:52
article 12 36 of The Civil Code and it
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says here that if the debtor's
00:17:59
obligation is paid by another person the
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third person is generally entitled to
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recover from the deor what he has paid
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so whether may knowledge sa deor o wala
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entitled si third person na nagbayad ng
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utang ni detor na i-recover kay detor
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yyung binayad niya But what if the third
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person has no intention to be
00:18:24
reimbursed Anong tawag doun What if kung
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yun nga sa scenario ako ung friend tapos
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binayaran ko pero wala naman akong
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intensyon na singilin pa si detor so we
00:18:35
called it as donation So parang It will
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be in a form of donation na hindi na ako
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mag-aask ng payment from um Deb from the
00:18:47
debtor okay and article 1238 provides
00:18:51
that payment made by a third person who
00:18:54
does not intend no ito yung legal basis
00:18:56
Who does not intend to be reimbursed by
00:18:58
the debtor is deemed to be a donation
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which requires deor consent but the
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payment is in any case valid as to the
00:19:09
creditor who has accepted it okay so
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kung walang intens si third person to be
00:19:15
reimbursed the deb's consent is required
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by law required siya because the payment
00:19:24
by the third person is deemed to be a
00:19:26
donation so sa donation kasi requ talaga
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na in-accept ni doni yung donation ni
00:19:33
donor para maging valid yung or
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perfected Iyung donation So if such
00:19:40
consent is given by the detor a perfect
00:19:43
a perfected donation exist between the
00:19:46
detor and the third person So kung
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halimbawang nakapagbigay ng consent si
00:19:51
detor na O sige
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Ano okay sa akin na donation na lang
00:19:57
siya pa yung umok e no Pero kailangan
00:19:59
talaga Magcon si detor na ah It will be
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in a form of donation at hindi na siya
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sisingilin ni third person Okay so Once
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na ma-perfect yyung donation If the if
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the donation is perfected hindi na
00:20:13
pwedeng i-change ni third person Later
00:20:17
on yyung mind niya at mag-demand siya ng
00:20:19
reimbursement So hindi na niya pwedeng
00:20:21
bawiin yon at sisingilin niya pa ulit si
00:20:24
detor na ay Nagbago na isip ko hindi ko
00:20:27
na pala ano si singilin ko na pala yung
00:20:29
binayad ko dun sa credit or doun sa
00:20:31
utang mo So hindi na pwede Once na the
00:20:33
once the donation is
00:20:35
perfected Pero kung halimbawang at first
00:20:39
nung binayaran ni third person yung
00:20:41
utang ni detor ang mindset niya talaga
00:20:45
is hindi na niya sisingilin si detor
00:20:47
Kasi kumbaga ano naman friend niya naman
00:20:50
So tulong niya na din pero nung time na
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ginawa niya yun na gusto niya na parang
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donation na nga lang ' ba wala siyang
00:20:57
intensyon na i- reimburse Pero wala
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namang consent hindi naman niya kinuha
00:21:02
or hindi naman din binigay ni detto yung
00:21:04
consent
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niya So unperfect donation siya
00:21:11
kaya kung halimbawang biglang mag-change
00:21:14
yung mind ni third person okay dahil
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wala namang perfected donation at
00:21:20
nagbago no si third person may still
00:21:24
change his mind and choose to recover
00:21:26
from that Network
00:21:28
so at first Wala siyang intention to be
00:21:30
reimburse na bago isip niya wala namang
00:21:32
consent na binigay si detor walang
00:21:35
perfected donation So pwede pa ring
00:21:37
i-recover ni third person kay deor yung
00:21:40
amount na ibinayad niya kay creditor
00:21:44
Okay so Bakit importante yung consent sa
00:21:46
donation okay because the law respects
00:21:49
dony
00:21:51
Okay If ever na ayaw niyang tanggapin
00:21:54
yung gift or donation hindi pwedeng
00:21:56
i-force si na tanggapin yung donation no
00:22:01
Kasi for example kung si doni Ayaw
00:22:03
niyang magkaroon ng utang na loob sa
00:22:05
taong yun so consent protects dony from
00:22:08
forced acceptance or the feeling of
00:22:11
being obligated to accept the gift even
00:22:14
if it's unsuitable or It Might create
00:22:17
problems in the future So kaya kailangan
00:22:19
merong consent no hindi naman pwede na
00:22:23
um I pwersa lang natin yung isang tao na
00:22:26
tanggapin yung donation no kahit ayaw
00:22:28
niyya naman talaga so consent is ah
00:22:31
important This is an indispensable
00:22:33
requirement pagdating sa
00:22:35
donation now if ever the debtor oppose
00:22:39
the donation ' ba o ' ba nag-usap sila
00:22:42
na O sige Ano ako na magbabayad ng utang
00:22:45
mo sabi ni third person kay nag ininform
00:22:49
niya si deor and then I do not have any
00:22:51
intention naman to be reimburse so Okay
00:22:54
lang kahit hindi mo na ako bayaran pero
00:22:56
inose ni detor ung donation but still
00:23:01
pumayag siya na bayaran
00:23:03
ni third person yung utang niya payment
00:23:06
was still made by the third person so
00:23:09
Again
00:23:10
ah ang maga-apply dito is
00:23:14
yung yung effect niya
00:23:17
is ito yan so ang pwedeng i-recover lang
00:23:21
ni detor is yung in so far as the
00:23:24
payment has been beneficial to the deor
00:23:28
Okay kasi ' ba against naman doon sa
00:23:32
wheel ni detor ' ba inose niya yung
00:23:35
donation pero binayaran pa rin ni
00:23:38
binayaran pa rin ni third person yung
00:23:40
utang niya So ito yung maga-apply but if
00:23:43
the detor oppose the
00:23:46
donation
00:23:48
Okay pero may consent siya doon sa
00:23:51
payment Okay so just to be clear don sa
00:23:54
unang scenario inose ni detor ung
00:23:57
donation Okay pero despite the
00:24:01
opposition ni detor binayaran pa rin ni
00:24:04
third person yung utang so ang magaapply
00:24:07
lang do yung effect lang non is um ang
00:24:10
pwede lang i-recover ni third person is
00:24:12
yung amount in so far as the payment has
00:24:14
been beneficial to the deor but if the
00:24:17
detor oppos the donation pero nagc siya
00:24:22
nababayaran ni third person yung payment
00:24:25
k Alam niya ayaw niya lang na maging don
00:24:28
meaning to say babayaran niya pa rin si
00:24:31
third person pero pumayag siya na si
00:24:32
third person na muna yung magbayad ng
00:24:34
utang niya then the third person becomes
00:24:36
entitled to be subrogated to the rights
00:24:40
of the creditor So mag-a-apply yung
00:24:42
pangalawa na lahat ng rights ni original
00:24:44
creditor ay mapupunta kay third person
00:24:49
Okay so kung kanina The question is sino
00:24:53
yung pwedeng magbayad ng utang ni detor
00:24:55
bukad kay detor this time let's find out
00:24:58
naman kung sino naman yung dapat or
00:25:00
pwedeng magre ng payment
00:25:06
Okay yan so to whom p must must payment
00:25:10
be made An so article 1240 enumerates
00:25:14
the person to
00:25:16
payment to extinguish obligation should
00:25:20
be made so first yan so the person in
00:25:24
Whose favor the obligation has been
00:25:26
constituted so this refers to the origin
00:25:28
creditor So basically ang
00:25:31
ang dapat magre ng payment para ma-
00:25:34
extinguish ung obligation is si mismong
00:25:36
creditor kung sino yung pinagkakautangan
00:25:38
for example no kung sa obligation to
00:25:41
give kung sino yung pinagkakautangan ni
00:25:43
detor so siya yung dapat na-receive ng
00:25:46
payment number two his successor
00:25:48
interest so ito yyung kanyang mga parang
00:25:49
airs na din mga tagapagmana niya So it
00:25:53
refers to the person to whom the
00:25:55
original credit has been transferred yan
00:25:57
sa as the airs the assignees and the
00:26:00
subrogated creditors kasama yyan dito
00:26:03
sila yyung mga successors in interest
00:26:06
Okay and then number three any person
00:26:08
authorized to receive it so it does not
00:26:11
only refers to those person authorized
00:26:13
by the creditor but also those persons
00:26:16
authorized by law such as iyung mga
00:26:18
guardian administrator of the Estate and
00:26:21
the like No kung halimbawang si creditor
00:26:25
at the time of payment naging um insane
00:26:27
siya So kung meron siyang legal guardian
00:26:32
or administrator ng kanyang Estate ah
00:26:34
pwedeng doon ibigay yung payment and
00:26:37
this is very important Because if the
00:26:39
payment of the debtor was made to a
00:26:41
wrong party meaning to not to this
00:26:45
persons enumerated here ' ba the
00:26:48
obligation is not extinguished so it's
00:26:50
important na kailangan sa tamang tao
00:26:53
maibigay yung payment Otherwise hindi ma
00:26:58
na i- extinguish yung obligation even
00:27:01
when the debtor acted in at most good Fi
00:27:05
or halimawa it is through error induced
00:27:09
by the fraud of a third person yyung
00:27:12
payment na iyon void pa rin siya because
00:27:15
such payment will not prejudice the
00:27:18
creditor or it should not deprive the
00:27:20
creditor of his or her right to demand
00:27:24
payment So if it is impossible no
00:27:27
halimbawa may nag pakilala kay detor na
00:27:29
uy Ako yung representative ni creditor
00:27:32
sa akin mo ibigay yung payment and then
00:27:35
binigay mo naman without even asking for
00:27:37
any evidence or mga documents na that
00:27:41
that would um manifest or show na
00:27:43
talagang siya yung ah Siya yung
00:27:51
in-the-making i-defend Later on na hindi
00:27:55
ano akala ko kasi talaga nagpakilala
00:27:57
siya na ganito pero pero hindi naman
00:27:58
pala yun yung right person to receive
00:28:02
hindi siya in authorize ni creditor
00:28:04
hindi siya isa dito sa mga nabanggit
00:28:08
so still hindi pa rin extinguish yung
00:28:10
obligation You still have to pay the
00:28:13
creditor and if it is impossible to
00:28:16
recover no kailangan i-recover mo Iyung
00:28:18
payment doun sa kung kanino mo siya
00:28:20
binigay but if it's impossible to
00:28:23
recover What has paid then any loss
00:28:27
resulting there from shall be born by
00:28:30
the deceived detor So yung consequence n
00:28:34
talagang si Kay detor Siya talaga yung
00:28:37
magiging responsible for his own act so
00:28:40
dapat kung magbabayad kayo kung may mga
00:28:42
utang kayo You have to make sure na
00:28:46
ah right party yung pinagbigyan ninyo ng
00:28:49
payment for example ito this is lifted
00:28:52
from a real case Ayan So where the
00:28:55
charge invoice issued by x corporation x
00:29:00
corporation is the seller clearly states
00:29:03
that the buyer shall make all checks
00:29:06
payable to x corporation so malinaw sa
00:29:09
usapan nila na si buyer kailangan yung
00:29:13
check na iri-release niya is kay x
00:29:17
corporation only but the buyer issu
00:29:21
check payable to cash okay hindi siya
00:29:24
sumunod d sa napag-usapan and that check
00:29:28
was received by x sales representative
00:29:31
Okay may personality naman kasi ano siya
00:29:34
representative siya ni ex corporation '
00:29:37
ba pero inin cash nung representative na
00:29:41
Iyun Iyung check but did not remit the
00:29:43
money to x corporation then the Buyer's
00:29:47
obligation to pay the purchase price is
00:29:49
not
00:29:50
extinguished so magdo-double pay ka
00:29:53
ngayon kaya very important to make sure
00:29:56
na sa sa tamang tao yung bayad
00:30:01
Okay so again this is very clear in
00:30:06
article 12 may namention natin
00:30:11
kanina
00:30:14
1240
00:30:18
okay and aside from that article 1233
00:30:23
also states that a debt shall not be
00:30:25
understood to have been paid unless the
00:30:28
thing or service in which the obligation
00:30:31
consists has been completely delivered
00:30:32
or rendered as the case may be so ito
00:30:35
ung doon sa first discussion natin ' ba
00:30:37
legal basis ng payment or performance
00:30:41
Okay so hindi mo siya mako-consider
00:30:44
na bayad na No unless sa tamang tao ang
00:30:50
sa tamang tao naibigay ung payment
00:30:52
Otherwise the obligation will not be
00:30:55
extinguished so kaya dapat yung payment
00:30:59
again mai Render siya or mai-deliver
00:31:00
siya to the right party okay and it has
00:31:04
to be the payment or performance has to
00:31:07
be
00:31:08
complete Okay
00:31:10
therefore when when we talk about the
00:31:13
completeness no of the payment or
00:31:18
performance is considered
00:31:21
paid Through The integrity and identity
00:31:24
of the prestation an so when we say
00:31:27
integrity of the prestation Ah this
00:31:30
means that the prestation be fulfilled
00:31:32
completely so yun yung ibig sabihin ng
00:31:35
integrity of the prestation kailangan
00:31:37
the prestation be fulfilled completely
00:31:40
partial or irregular performance will
00:31:43
not produce extinguishment of an
00:31:45
obligation as a general
00:31:50
rule Okay so for example Yun nga very
00:31:53
simple si a bound himself to pay B
00:31:56
Php10,000
00:31:58
but a only pay php9,000 so si B cannot
00:32:02
be compelled no si creditor hindi siya
00:32:04
pwedeng
00:32:05
i-comment why Because it is
00:32:07
incomplete Okay so hindi pwedeng
00:32:10
pwersahin ni deor si creditor tanggapin
00:32:12
mo na 1,000 na lang naman kulang nito
00:32:15
pwedeng hindi yun i-accept ni creditor
00:32:18
Okay hindi mo siya pwedeng per Pero kung
00:32:20
i-accept niya then It's fine Pero kung
00:32:22
ayaw niya the debtor cannot compel the
00:32:25
creditor to accept it kasi ngaung
00:32:27
integrity of the prestation is not
00:32:29
satisfied okay and yun partial or
00:32:33
irregular performance will not produce
00:32:35
extinguishment of an obligation as a
00:32:38
general rule next is the identity of the
00:32:41
prestation this means that the very
00:32:43
prestation zo must be delivered or
00:32:46
performed So kung ano yung mismong
00:32:47
napag-usapan ng dalawang parties ni bor
00:32:50
at saka ni creditor especially kapag
00:32:53
specific yung obligation dapat yun yung
00:32:55
ma-deliver But there some exceptions to
00:32:59
this Ayan yung doon sa ano natin sa
00:33:03
integrity and um identity of the
00:33:07
prestation Okay so ito yyung ilan sa mga
00:33:10
example niya So if there is a
00:33:12
substantial performance in good Faith um
00:33:16
according to article 1234 so ang example
00:33:20
dito is ' ba sabi natin kanina sa
00:33:22
integrity kailangan complete siya Hindi
00:33:24
pwedeng partial lang siya So halimbawa
00:33:27
si a obliges himself to sell 1,000 bags
00:33:31
of cement to B for a certain price now
00:33:36
despite diligent effort of a a can only
00:33:39
deliver 900 bags due to shortage so
00:33:43
Iyung shortage na hindi naman talaga
00:33:45
control no kung saan-saan na siya
00:33:47
naghanap ng pwedeng mapagkuhanan ng
00:33:49
semento pero wala na talaga Hanggang 900
00:33:52
lang talaga yung kaya niyang ma-produce
00:33:54
so si a gusto niya namang
00:33:58
bags pero again Di niya talaga kaya the
00:34:01
reason is beyond is I mean the
00:34:04
circumstances is beyond his control so
00:34:06
he acted naman in good Faith so c
00:34:10
a pwede na niyang
00:34:13
i-recover yung payment kay B so hindi
00:34:16
rin pwedeng si B tatanggihan niya na
00:34:19
hindi deliver mo yung 1,000 bags so a
00:34:22
may recover as though there had been a
00:34:24
strick and complete fulfillment less
00:34:28
damages so hindi pwede na saka ko na yan
00:34:31
babayaran kapag nabuo mo na yung um
00:34:34
1,000 bugs of cement so hindi pwede so
00:34:37
therefore CB has to pay the 900 bags
00:34:42
less damages Okay kung dahil nga kulang
00:34:46
naman So pwede n ibawas doon So kung
00:34:49
magkano lang yung dapat na bayaran yung
00:34:51
900 plus damages So yun lang yung
00:34:53
babayaran ni B pero hindi niya pwedeng
00:34:56
hindi yun Gapit so therefore si B or si
00:35:00
creditor may ah will be compelled na
00:35:04
i-accept yung performance So that's one
00:35:06
of the Exception in article 1234 another
00:35:11
is the Uh when the oblige or the
00:35:15
creditor accepts the performance knowing
00:35:18
its incompleteness or irregularity And
00:35:21
without expressing any protest of
00:35:24
objection according to article 12:35 so
00:35:28
pag ganito yung case na nag-deliver si
00:35:31
detor ng dineliver na ni detor yung
00:35:34
thing that is Ju and pero doun sa
00:35:38
delivery niya parang merong irregularity
00:35:40
or incomplete yung item pero Tinanggap
00:35:43
pa rin ni creditor or ni
00:35:46
oblige so the implication is that si
00:35:50
creditor It's As if p-wave niya yung
00:35:54
right niya and by by doctrine of esten
00:35:57
di ba the principle of estel the law
00:36:00
will presume that the creditor is waving
00:36:02
his or her rights okay pag wala siyang
00:36:19
inexpressive Okay pero remember Dapat
00:36:22
alam ni creditor na incomplete and
00:36:24
irregular siya kasi pag hindi ' ba if
00:36:27
it's tainted with fraud for example so
00:36:30
napag-usapan natin doun sa doun sa isang
00:36:32
video na i-discuss ko yan na pwedeng
00:36:35
maging liable for damages pa rin si
00:36:38
detor so dito sa case na to kung
00:36:40
tinanggap niya then hindi na magiging
00:36:43
liable for damages si detor kasi nga
00:36:46
inaccept niya So it's As if inab niya
00:36:48
yyung rights niya So these are some of
00:36:51
the Exception doon sa UM requirement ng
00:36:56
article
00:36:58
12 33 na dapat yung obligation has been
00:37:04
completely delivered or rendered as the
00:37:07
case may be
00:37:14
okay
00:37:17
aan now if ever na hindi na kaya If ever
00:37:22
na hindi kayang i-fill ni Det yung
00:37:24
original PR station na pag-usapan nila
00:37:26
question Pwede bang palitan ung
00:37:28
prestation the answer is Yes Okay tawag
00:37:32
natin diyan is ah ung mode na yan tawag
00:37:35
natin diyan yung sub substitution na yan
00:37:38
Okay so substitution can be made if the
00:37:41
oblige you consent so sabi natin ' ba
00:37:43
doun sa mga determina thing before kung
00:37:45
ano yung napag-usapan dapat yun yung
00:37:46
i-deliver Pero kung pumayag naman si
00:37:49
creditor na mapalitan siya then Okay
00:37:51
lang So long as there is a consent from
00:37:54
the oblige so substitution is allowed so
00:37:57
meaning to say pag sinabi nating
00:37:59
substitution the deor is given the right
00:38:01
to Render another prestation in
00:38:05
substitution
00:38:08
and yung isa sa mga mode ng substitution
00:38:11
is what we call and payment or and pago