5. OCR A Level (H046-H466) SLR1 - 1.1 Von Neumann and Harvard

00:03:13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVOtmMS17tI

概要

TLDRThe video discusses three central processor architectures: Von Neumann, Harvard, and contemporary architectures. The Von Neumann architecture uses a single memory for both instructions and data, with a linear fetch-decode-execute cycle managed by a control unit. In contrast, Harvard architecture separates memory for instructions and data, allowing simultaneous processing, commonly employed in RISC processors. Modern architectures, termed contemporary, include technologies like SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) for parallel processing in graphic processors and MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data) where multiple instructions process multiple data simultaneously across several cores. The video also touches on distributed computing, where several computers tackle parts of a broader issue, exemplified by NASA's SETI@home project. Viewers are encouraged to explore other processor-building methods beyond these established architectures.

収穫

  • 🔄 Von Neumann architecture uses shared memory for instructions and data.
  • 🔀 Harvard architecture separates instruction and data memory for parallel operations.
  • 🖥️ Contemporary architectures encompass modern adaptations like SIMD and MIMD.
  • 🎮 SIMD is used for parallel processing in graphic processors.
  • 🧩 MIMD allows multiple instructions on multiple data across different cores.
  • 🌐 Distributed computing involves networked computers solving shared problems.
  • 🛰️ SETI@home is an example of distributed computing on a large scale.
  • 📈 Understanding differences in architectures is key for modern processing questions.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:03:13

    The video discusses the Von Neumann, Harvard, and contemporary processor architectures. In the Von Neumann architecture, instructions and data share the same memory space, enabling a linear execution cycle with fast access provided by registers. In contrast, the Harvard architecture separates instructions and data into distinct memory units with dedicated buses, allowing simultaneous read/write operations. This is typical of RISC processors. Both architectures are foundational and date back to the 1940s. The video also covers more modern architectures collectively termed as contemporary architectures. Specific examples include SIMD and MIMD, which employ parallel processing techniques, and distributed computing, where multiple computers collaborate on a shared problem. The video encourages viewers to consider alternative processor design approaches.

マインドマップ

ビデオQ&A

  • What is the Von Neumann architecture?

    It is a processor architecture where shared memory space is used for both instructions and data, stored in the same format, using a single control unit for executing instructions sequentially.

  • How does the Harvard architecture differ from Von Neumann?

    Harvard architecture stores instructions and data in separate memory units, each with a dedicated bus, allowing simultaneous instruction fetching and data reading/writing.

  • What are contemporary architectures?

    Contemporary architectures refer to modern machine architectures that differ from traditional models and include examples like SIMD and MIMD for parallel processing.

  • What is SIMD?

    SIMD stands for Single Instruction, Multiple Data, a form of parallel processing where one instruction is executed on multiple data items simultaneously, often used by graphic processors.

  • What is MIMD?

    MIMD stands for Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data, where multiple instructions are executed on multiple data items across several cores.

  • What is distributed computing?

    Distributed computing involves multiple separate computers working on a shared network, each handling a part of a larger problem, and can be scaled over the internet.

  • What is an example of distributed computing?

    An example is the SETI@home initiative by NASA, which allowed individuals to contribute processor capacity over the internet to solve a shared problem.

  • Are you responsible for building processors?

    No, the video provides information on different architectures and poses questions on expanding processor design knowledge.

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  • 00:00:00
    in this video we discuss the von neumann
  • 00:00:02
    harvard
  • 00:00:03
    and contemporary processor architectures
  • 00:00:08
    [Music]
  • 00:00:12
    in the classic von neumann architecture
  • 00:00:14
    shared memory space is used for
  • 00:00:16
    both the instructions and the data
  • 00:00:20
    this means that instructions and data
  • 00:00:22
    are stored in the same format
  • 00:00:23
    a single control unit or processor
  • 00:00:26
    follows a linear fetch to code execute
  • 00:00:29
    cycle
  • 00:00:29
    one instruction at a time we use
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    registers in this architecture
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    for fast access to instructions and data
  • 00:00:40
    this differs from a harvard architecture
  • 00:00:42
    where instructions and data
  • 00:00:44
    are stored in totally separate memory
  • 00:00:46
    units
  • 00:00:47
    each has its own dedicated bus reading
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    and writing data can be done at the same
  • 00:00:52
    time
  • 00:00:53
    as fetching and instruction this
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    typically tends to be used
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    by risk processors which we look at in a
  • 00:00:59
    later video
  • 00:01:04
    so both on newman and harvard are
  • 00:01:06
    examples of much
  • 00:01:07
    older computer architectures having
  • 00:01:09
    originated in the 1940s
  • 00:01:12
    these two are both listed in the spec so
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    it's important to understand the
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    differences
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    more modern machine architectures are
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    simply known collectively
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    as contemporary architectures
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    while you're not going to be asked about
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    specific aspects of some contemporary
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    architectures
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    and less explicitly named in the
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    specification you could be asked more
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    open questions about how modern
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    contemporary architectures differ
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    from a pure von neumann architecture
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    one such example is simd now
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    this is a form of parallel processing
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    where the processor
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    carries out a single instruction on
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    multiple data items at the same time
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    this is often used by graphic processors
  • 00:02:04
    another example is mimd this is where
  • 00:02:08
    multiple instructions are carried out on
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    multiple data items
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    across several different cores
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    you might like to also consider the idea
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    of distributed computing
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    now this is where multiple separate
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    computers
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    work on a shared network each taking on
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    part
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    of a bigger problem now this can even be
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    done on a much grander scale over the
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    internet for example the old seti at
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    home initiative by nasa
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    allowed people to give up part of their
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    processor capacity over the internet
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    to work on a shared problem
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    having watched this video you should be
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    able to answer the following key
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    question
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    are there other ways to build a
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    [Music]
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    processor
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    you
タグ
  • processor architectures
  • Von Neumann
  • Harvard
  • contemporary architectures
  • parallel processing
  • SIMD
  • MIMD
  • distributed computing