A Brief History of Ireland

00:13:35
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_zRZbLdewE

Resumo

TLDRThe video provides an overview of Irish history, detailing its significant cultural impact on the Western world, especially in America and Australia. It traces the early settlement of Ireland, the arrival of the Celts, the introduction of Christianity, and the influence of the Vikings. The narrative continues through the Norman conquests, the struggles against English rule, and the Great Famine, which led to mass emigration and a lasting Irish diaspora. The video concludes with the establishment of the Irish Free State and the ongoing political dynamics in Northern Ireland, including the Good Friday Agreement and the implications of Brexit.

Conclusões

  • 🌍 The Irish diaspora is significant, with millions of descendants worldwide.
  • 📜 Prehistoric Ireland has ancient monuments predating Stonehenge.
  • 🛡️ The Celts established traditions that are now seen as uniquely Irish.
  • ✝️ Christianity was introduced by enslaved people from Britain.
  • ⚔️ Viking raids led to the establishment of Ireland's first towns.
  • 🏰 The Normans significantly influenced Irish governance and land ownership.
  • 🌾 The Great Famine caused mass emigration and deep resentment towards British rule.
  • 🗳️ The Irish Free State was established in 1922, leading to modern political dynamics.
  • 🤝 The Good Friday Agreement created a power-sharing government in Northern Ireland.
  • 🔄 Ongoing challenges like Brexit continue to shape Ireland's future.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The Irish culture has significantly influenced the Western world, particularly in America and Australia, with millions of people claiming Irish descent. Despite Ireland's small size, its historical impact is profound, with evidence of human settlement dating back to prehistoric times. The arrival of the Celts around 500-600 BCE marked a pivotal moment in Irish culture, leading to the establishment of unique traditions and the development of the Ogham script. Christianity began to spread in Ireland in the 5th century, largely attributed to St. Patrick, who is known for converting the Irish from paganism to Christianity, intertwining Celtic myths with Christian beliefs.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:13:35

    The Viking influence in Ireland began in 795 CE, leading to the establishment of towns like Dublin and the introduction of currency, which enhanced trade. The conflict between the Irish and Vikings culminated in the Battle of Clontarf in 1014. The Norman invasion in the 12th century further altered Ireland's political landscape, leading to the establishment of the Pale and the marginalization of Gaelic culture. The 16th and 17th centuries saw increased English control, leading to the Penal Laws that oppressed the Catholic majority. The Great Famine in the mid-19th century resulted in mass starvation and emigration, significantly impacting the Irish population and diaspora, setting the stage for future political movements for independence.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de perguntas e respostas

  • What is the population of Irish descent in the US?

    Around 31.5 million people claim to be of Irish descent in the United States.

  • When did Christianity first come to Ireland?

    Christianity first came to Ireland sometime before or during the 5th century CE.

  • What was the impact of the Vikings on Ireland?

    The Vikings established Ireland's first towns and introduced currency, transforming trade and settlement patterns.

  • What was the Great Famine?

    The Great Famine occurred between 1845 and 1851, leading to around 1 million deaths and 1 million emigrating due to starvation.

  • What is the Good Friday Agreement?

    The Good Friday Agreement, also known as The Belfast Agreement, created a power-sharing government in Northern Ireland.

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  • 00:00:00
    the Irish culture has had an undeniable
  • 00:00:02
    impact on the Western World especially
  • 00:00:05
    in America and Australia there are
  • 00:00:07
    around 31.5 million people who claim to
  • 00:00:10
    be of Irish descent in the United States
  • 00:00:13
    over 4.6 million in Canada and roughly 2
  • 00:00:16
    million in Australia compare this to the
  • 00:00:19
    actual population of Ireland which is
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    currently just over 5 million and the
  • 00:00:23
    spread of the Irish and their culture
  • 00:00:25
    seems even more remarkable Ireland
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    itself is around 22,000 square miles
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    smaller than the state of New York yet
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    the influence the Emerald Isle has had
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    on the world is substantial keep
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    watching as we briefly explore the
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    history of Ireland Ireland has been
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    inhabited since England and Ireland were
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    joined to Mainland Europe by a land mass
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    known as doggerland which now Lies
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    Beneath the North Sea many historians
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    are fascinated with Prehistoric Ireland
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    as some of its Neolithic monuments
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    predate famous sites such as Stonehenge
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    in England and the Egyptian pyramids
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    until 2016 it was thought that the
  • 00:01:02
    oldest evidence of human settlement in
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    Ireland was a settlement at Mount sandal
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    wood which dates back to between 7600
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    and 7900
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    BC however in 2016 archaeologists found
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    animal bones with saw marks called kurf
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    marks in a cave in County Clair that
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    dated to around 12,500
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    BC during the Neolithic period people in
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    Ireland settled in small communities and
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    began to farm and keep livestock they
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    would have looked very different from
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    today's stereotypical image of an Irish
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    person and most historians believe they
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    were dark skinned with blue eyes during
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    the Bronze Age The Irish began
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    constructing thousands of megalithic
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    tombs Stone circles and forts many of
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    their monuments were used to track the
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    seasons with particular attention paid
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    to the summer and winter solstices which
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    may have helped track animals find
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    seasonal foods and indicate when to
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    plant crops they left a wealth of unique
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    metallurgical items such as jewelry and
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    weaponry behind as a testament to their
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    creativity and skill sometime between
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    500 and 600 BCE a cultural group began
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    to arrive in Ireland that would forever
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    be linked to the Irish culture the
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    specifics about how they arrived and
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    became the most dominant group in the
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    area are debated but the Kelts would go
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    on to establish Traditions that would
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    come to be seen as uniquely Irish at
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    this time Celtic people were found
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    throughout Europe including England and
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    Ireland they did not have have one
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    distinctive classification and were more
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    of a trade network of loosely associated
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    tribes and communities although the
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    Romans essentially wiped out the
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    extensive Celtic Trade Network there
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    were areas in which Celtic tribes were
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    able to survive and thrive the tribes
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    that had settled in Ireland were among
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    those that kept their Traditions origin
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    stories of the Irish including tales of
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    the tuat dunan the fbga and Finn M are
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    attributed to Celtic history with some
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    historians holding the tales are part of
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    the oral history of the Irish Kelts the
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    OM script was developed in Ireland
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    sometime between the 4th and 8th Century
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    CE om script was an elementary method of
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    marking using groups of one to five
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    strokes and was usually only used for
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    short inscriptions such as memorials or
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    grave markers some historians speculate
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    that it was based on a type of sign
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    language used by The Druids Christianity
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    first came to Ireland sometime before or
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    during the 5ifth century CE it had
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    already taken root in Britain during the
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    Roman occupation
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    despite the commonly held belief that it
  • 00:03:32
    arrived with St Augustine in
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    597 Ireland had thus far escaped Mass
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    Roman influence despite extensive trade
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    with the Roman Empire and most of the
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    tribes still worship pagan gods though
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    exactly how Christianity arrived is
  • 00:03:46
    unknown historians believe that it was
  • 00:03:48
    introduced by enslaved people from the
  • 00:03:50
    British Mainland who had been brought to
  • 00:03:52
    Ireland this Theory ties in with the
  • 00:03:54
    story of St Patrick who was born in
  • 00:03:56
    Roman Britain traditionally believed to
  • 00:03:58
    be in Wales he was brought to Ireland as
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    a slave in the fifth century he managed
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    to escape enslavement and travel to Rome
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    where he studied Christianity and became
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    a bishop he then returned to Ireland to
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    convert the polytheistic Pagan tribes
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    according to Legend St Patrick used the
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    symbol of the three-leaf Shamrock to
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    spread the idea of the Holy Trinity
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    another famous story that is connected
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    with St Patrick is about how he drove
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    snakes from Ireland as Ireland was never
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    home to snakes many believe this is an
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    allegory for him driving out the Pagan
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    Druids
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    soon Christianity became woven with
  • 00:04:32
    Celtic myths including the goddess
  • 00:04:34
    Bridget goddess of fertility and healing
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    becoming Saint Bridget the next culture
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    to influence Ireland was the Vikings
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    with the first recorded Viking raids
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    occurring on rathlin island in 795 CE
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    What followed was over 200 years of
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    intermittent Warfare between the Gaye
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    kingdoms and the Viking
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    settlers despite the ongoing conflict
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    the Vikings had a lasting influence on
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    Ireland one of their early fortified
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    bases was Dublin then called dlin later
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    called duin in Irish meaning black pool
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    and was established by the Vikings in
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    841 CE Dublin along with other Viking
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    bases in Ireland like Waterford limr
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    Cork and Wexford grew into Ireland's
  • 00:05:16
    first towns during the 10th Century
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    however the country as a whole remained
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    largely rural the Vikings transformed
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    Ireland bringing the Notions of ports
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    towns and cities the Vikings pension for
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    ship building also introduced a mode of
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    transport to the densely forested Island
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    longboats enabled the Irish waterways to
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    be used more efficiently and provided a
  • 00:05:36
    means of travel overseas the Vikings
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    also established Ireland's first
  • 00:05:41
    currency in 997 CE which expanded Irish
  • 00:05:44
    trade both internally and
  • 00:05:47
    internationally although the Irish had
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    some alliances and trade relations with
  • 00:05:51
    the Vikings the two were ultimately
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    enemies and the sporadic outbreaks of
  • 00:05:55
    war came to a head in 1014 with the
  • 00:05:57
    Battle of clintar it was fought near
  • 00:06:00
    Dublin between an Irish Army led by
  • 00:06:02
    Brian baru the high king of Ireland and
  • 00:06:04
    an opposing force that consisted of
  • 00:06:06
    Vikings from across Europe and
  • 00:06:07
    Scandinavia and the Viking Kingdom of
  • 00:06:09
    Dublin which had allied with the Irish
  • 00:06:11
    Kingdom of Linder thousands were killed
  • 00:06:14
    and the outcome was inconclusive despite
  • 00:06:16
    being ultimately considered a victory
  • 00:06:18
    for Buu baru died during the conflict
  • 00:06:21
    although due to his Advanced age it's
  • 00:06:23
    unclear whether he actually took part in
  • 00:06:25
    the fighting he was succeeded by his son
  • 00:06:27
    donah and his ancestors were later
  • 00:06:30
    acknowledged as kings of Ireland after
  • 00:06:32
    the battle Viking raids on Ireland
  • 00:06:34
    became significantly less frequent
  • 00:06:37
    instead they turned their attention to
  • 00:06:38
    England and Scotland however the Vikings
  • 00:06:41
    would return in 1169 in the form of the
  • 00:06:44
    Norman conquerors when the AIC king of
  • 00:06:46
    Linder durm mcara appealed to the
  • 00:06:48
    Normans for help the Normans had already
  • 00:06:51
    successfully conquered England in 1066
  • 00:06:54
    and the English King Henry II agreed to
  • 00:06:56
    help he sent Lord Richard declair to Aid
  • 00:06:59
    M Marta and together they won back the
  • 00:07:01
    kingdom of Linder in exchange for his
  • 00:07:04
    health declair received land and married
  • 00:07:06
    MCM Mara's daughter after MCM Mara's
  • 00:07:09
    death he inherited his title becoming
  • 00:07:11
    the first Norman ruler in Ireland this
  • 00:07:13
    first foothold led to further Norman
  • 00:07:15
    conquests and raids of gayy territories
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    and in 1171 Henry II landed in Waterford
  • 00:07:21
    and commenced a full-on offensive four
  • 00:07:24
    years later the high king of Ireland
  • 00:07:26
    Rory oor had to sign the Treaty of
  • 00:07:28
    Windsor which split Ireland in two with
  • 00:07:31
    Henry as the lord of the anglo-norman
  • 00:07:33
    lands and Rory ruling the rest of
  • 00:07:34
    Ireland but swearing allegiance to Henry
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    by the 1300s the anglo-normans had
  • 00:07:39
    gained control over most of Ireland
  • 00:07:42
    except some areas in konara the
  • 00:07:44
    peninsulas of cork and kry Clare and
  • 00:07:46
    Northwest oler during this period the
  • 00:07:49
    pale was established although it was not
  • 00:07:51
    referred to in this way until the late
  • 00:07:53
    14th century it consisted of an area
  • 00:07:56
    that was securely under English rule
  • 00:07:58
    however the area fluctuated and was
  • 00:08:00
    regularly attacked by Gaelic forces the
  • 00:08:03
    formation of the pale led to the
  • 00:08:04
    marginalization of the Gaelic people
  • 00:08:07
    although they were able to continue
  • 00:08:08
    practicing Irish laws and customs and
  • 00:08:10
    continue to speak their native tongue
  • 00:08:13
    during the 1500s the Irish attempted to
  • 00:08:15
    rebel against English rule in 1534 the
  • 00:08:18
    Earl of kildair renounced his allegiance
  • 00:08:20
    to the English crown and led a rebellion
  • 00:08:23
    known as the Geraldine Rebellion the
  • 00:08:25
    uprising failed and Drew the attention
  • 00:08:27
    of King Henry VII leading to the English
  • 00:08:29
    Plantation of the monster region Henry
  • 00:08:32
    soon began to extend English Authority
  • 00:08:34
    beyond the pale and declared himself
  • 00:08:36
    king of Ireland in
  • 00:08:38
    1542 he started forcing galic Clans to
  • 00:08:40
    give up their land only to return them
  • 00:08:42
    as a gift from the king in exchange for
  • 00:08:45
    receiving their land Back The gales had
  • 00:08:47
    to renounce their Gaelic language laws
  • 00:08:49
    and customs as well as convert to
  • 00:08:52
    protestantism what followed was a period
  • 00:08:54
    of warfare and uprisings including the 9
  • 00:08:57
    years war from 1593 to 1603 3 although
  • 00:09:00
    the Irish Earls who had allied with
  • 00:09:02
    Spain won some early victories the tide
  • 00:09:04
    turned at the end of 1601 bad weather
  • 00:09:07
    forced the Spanish to land in Cork to
  • 00:09:09
    the South while the rebels were hoping
  • 00:09:11
    for a landing in the north the English
  • 00:09:13
    were ultimately Victorious and many
  • 00:09:15
    prominent Irish Earls were forced to
  • 00:09:17
    flee to Spain those who remained were
  • 00:09:19
    stripped of the majority of their land
  • 00:09:21
    and power and forced into submission to
  • 00:09:23
    the English the English and anglo-irish
  • 00:09:26
    did not react well to this perceived
  • 00:09:27
    lenient treatment of the Earls and soon
  • 00:09:30
    there was news that the rebellious Earls
  • 00:09:31
    would be arrested for treason these
  • 00:09:34
    rumors led to the Flight of the Earls in
  • 00:09:36
    1607 when over 90 prominent Irish Earls
  • 00:09:39
    left Ireland for Mainland Europe in the
  • 00:09:41
    hopes of raising an army and returning
  • 00:09:43
    the Army never materialized and Spain
  • 00:09:46
    went on to make peace with England
  • 00:09:47
    leaving Ireland open to Protestant
  • 00:09:49
    settlers from England Scotland and Wales
  • 00:09:51
    who were encouraged to move to the newly
  • 00:09:53
    forming Plantation of oler after the
  • 00:09:56
    last Catholic English Monarch James II
  • 00:09:58
    died persecution of the largely Catholic
  • 00:10:01
    Irish population increased in 1695 the
  • 00:10:05
    English enforced the penal laws that
  • 00:10:06
    forbade the practice of Catholicism and
  • 00:10:09
    presbyterianism put limitations on the
  • 00:10:11
    education system prohibited the use of
  • 00:10:13
    the Irish language and restricted voting
  • 00:10:15
    among other things these laws were
  • 00:10:18
    repealed in 1829 but the lasting effect
  • 00:10:20
    on the Irish population was palpable
  • 00:10:23
    most Irish people had not been able to
  • 00:10:25
    accumulate land or wealth and so were
  • 00:10:27
    trapped as tenant Farmers or Farm
  • 00:10:29
    workers due to the English export loss
  • 00:10:32
    most of the crops and livestock that
  • 00:10:33
    were farmed were expensive and exported
  • 00:10:35
    to England as buying it was beyond the
  • 00:10:37
    means of the Irish peasantry the
  • 00:10:40
    widespread poverty led to our Reliance
  • 00:10:42
    on a relatively new crop the potato
  • 00:10:45
    potatoes were easy to grow and high in
  • 00:10:47
    nutrients a family could feed themselves
  • 00:10:49
    from the modest plots they were allowed
  • 00:10:50
    for personal use over the years the
  • 00:10:53
    Irish selected the heaviest cropping
  • 00:10:55
    varieties and by the 1800s there was
  • 00:10:57
    only one or two varieties of potato
  • 00:10:59
    being grown the lack of genetic
  • 00:11:02
    variation and the absolute dependence on
  • 00:11:04
    the vegetable led to Devastation when a
  • 00:11:06
    blight began destroying entire crops in
  • 00:11:09
    1845 the English continued to export
  • 00:11:11
    valuable and nutritious crops to England
  • 00:11:14
    while setting up soup kitchens for the
  • 00:11:15
    starving Irish between 1845 and 1851
  • 00:11:19
    around 1 million Irish people died from
  • 00:11:22
    starvation or famine related disease
  • 00:11:24
    with a further 1 million immigrating the
  • 00:11:27
    population of Ireland was decimated it
  • 00:11:29
    has been estimated that nearly 2 million
  • 00:11:31
    people about a fourth of Ireland's
  • 00:11:33
    population immigrated to the US in a
  • 00:11:35
    10-year period this greatly added to the
  • 00:11:38
    Irish diaspora which spread the Irish
  • 00:11:40
    culture and its people across the world
  • 00:11:43
    the famine intensified Irish resentment
  • 00:11:45
    toward British rule laying the
  • 00:11:47
    groundwork for political movements
  • 00:11:48
    seeking Irish independence by the early
  • 00:11:51
    20th century tensions between Irish
  • 00:11:53
    nationalists and British authorities
  • 00:11:55
    culminated in the Irish war of
  • 00:11:57
    independence 1919 to 1920 21 this
  • 00:12:00
    conflict led to the anglo-irish treaty
  • 00:12:02
    which established the Irish free state
  • 00:12:04
    in 1922 comprised of 26 counties with
  • 00:12:08
    self-governance however the six
  • 00:12:10
    Northeastern counties with a Protestant
  • 00:12:12
    unionist majority remain part of the
  • 00:12:14
    United Kingdom resulting in the
  • 00:12:16
    partition of Ireland it became the
  • 00:12:18
    Republic of Ireland in
  • 00:12:20
    1949 from the 1960s to 1998 the Irish
  • 00:12:24
    faced Decades of political and sectarian
  • 00:12:26
    conflict known as the troubles this
  • 00:12:29
    conflicts profoundly shaped Ireland's
  • 00:12:31
    modern history but the Good Friday
  • 00:12:33
    agreement also known as The Belfast
  • 00:12:35
    agreement created the Northern Ireland
  • 00:12:37
    assembly and executive sharing powers
  • 00:12:39
    between unionist or dup and nationalist
  • 00:12:42
    parties this power sharing has
  • 00:12:44
    contributed to relative peace and
  • 00:12:46
    stability but brexit and a potential
  • 00:12:48
    reunification continue to influence
  • 00:12:50
    Northern Ireland's politics true to form
  • 00:12:53
    the complex interplay of historical
  • 00:12:55
    legacies evolving political Dynamics and
  • 00:12:58
    ongoing challenges continue to shape the
  • 00:13:00
    future of this amazing country how would
  • 00:13:03
    you like to get a deeper understanding
  • 00:13:05
    of History impress your friends and
  • 00:13:07
    predict the future more accurately based
  • 00:13:10
    on past events if this sounds like
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    something you might be into then check
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    out the brand new captivating history
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    bookl by clicking the first link in the
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    description to learn more about Irish
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    history check out our book Irish history
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    a captivating Guide to the history of
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    Ireland it's available as an ebook
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Etiquetas
  • Irish culture
  • Irish history
  • Celtic influence
  • Viking invasions
  • Great Famine
  • Irish independence
  • Norman conquest
  • Christianity in Ireland
  • Northern Ireland
  • Good Friday Agreement