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Big Bend National
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Park male desert big horn sheep prepare
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for
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battle Big Ben's monsoon season is the
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perfect time to
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breed the strongest males will pass on
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their jeans to the next
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generation the arrival of a female
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ratchets up the
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[Music]
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tension before the fight males test
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their opponents
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resolve as heat and humidity build
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across one of America's last great
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wildernesses the pressure
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increases only to release in a single
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strike months before the monsoon big bin
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National Park is
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peaceful a Wild Sanctuary deep in the
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Heart of
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Texas established in 1944
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it's 800,000 Acres of mountains
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deserts and
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rivers a challenging place to call home
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but the Park's spectacular range of
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habitats provides opportunities for
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plants and
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animals creating a surprising Web of
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Life with more species of birds bugs and
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cacti than any other National Park in
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the United States
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making big bin the perfect home for one
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of the Park's most hardworking
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parents the Road Runner a true
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survivalist she's fully prepped for life
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in this remote corner of Texas hunkering
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down in a prickly pear
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[Music]
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cactus with two chicks on the nest and
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four more on the way it pays to be
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tough right now there's
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calm but for a roadrunner mom the peace
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and quiet doesn't last
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long her chicks are
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hungry fortunately she's raising kids in
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a place where there's plenty to
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eat but it's still a grueling
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[Music]
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routine
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[Music]
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leave catch
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prey
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[Music]
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return feed chicks
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that should do
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it
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leave catch
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prey
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return feed
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[Music]
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chicks it helps that road runners eat
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almost everything from SP ERS to
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scorpions mom is also a super quick
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Hunter with a top speed of 20 M an
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hour with hundreds of road runners
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living here it's a good thing Big Bend
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has an amazing biodiversity of
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[Music]
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bugs not that the chicks seem to
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appreciate
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it as they grow they appetites cannot be
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stopped time for Dad to go
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[Music]
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big this lizard may be fast but the Road
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Runner is faster
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[Music]
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a super sized meal almost as big as the
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chick no
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problem surely this will fill them
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[Music]
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up thanks to the Bounty of food
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available in the park and the tireless
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efforts of doting parents parents peace
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and quiet
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[Music]
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return
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or maybe
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not nearly 6,000 ft up in the mountains
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another mom has a huge
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challenge a female black bear has spent
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the winter in a high mountain cave
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[Music]
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she needs to teach her Cubs to survive
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in the
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park with little to no food or water for
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months the stakes are
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high but they're living in a special
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place Big Bend is the only national park
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with an entire mountain range inside its
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borders the
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chisos named for their previous
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inhabitants
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and once home to the Mescalero Apache
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and the kamanche tribes the mountains
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are a sky island
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oasis 40 square miles of Peaks up to
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8,000 ft Loom over the hot desert
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below at the height of Summer monsoon
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storms can dump nearly a Year's rainfall
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in a few months
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right now the monsoon is a long way off
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but the chisos do something
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incredible they catch the rains and
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store them for yearr round
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use water slowly releases from deep in
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the
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mountains into precious Springfed pools
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[Music]
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attracting Critters of all
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types and all
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[Music]
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colors the key to survival in a desert
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is a reliable source of
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[Music]
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water and Mom knows exactly where to
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find
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it thanks to her mom who taught her
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about the hidden Oasis in the
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chisos it's the Cub's first visit to
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this magical
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[Music]
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place every day is a school
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day today's lesson is all about
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[Music]
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water they've never tasted or seen so
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much of it
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mom relaxes in the spring but for the
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Cubs it's play time
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[Music]
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[Music]
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the fun has to come to an end eventually
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but Mom has another lesson for her eager
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students how to scratch that
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itch mom shows how it's done rubbing off
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her winter coat and leaving a scent
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behind signaling her presence to other
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bears in the
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[Music]
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park mom made it look
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easy but the Cubs will need a lot more
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[Music]
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practice for the bear family the chios
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mountains provide water and a cool
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Refuge but down below on the desert
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floor life in the park has more extreme
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challenges big bin protects a vast and
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pristine area of the Chihuahuan Desert
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the largest in North
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America early Spanish settlers called it
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El despo
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BL a desolate and empty
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[Music]
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land if you're your home is
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tough sometimes you've got to be
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tougher and one animal is the ultimate
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desert
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Survivor the Texas horned
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lizard he's everything you would expect
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from a desert
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veteran perfectly
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camouflaged and Searing hot is just how
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he likes it
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[Music]
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once widespread across Texas the horn
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lizard is in
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Decline Agriculture and Urban
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Development have robbed this reptile of
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space protected areas like Big Ben
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National Park are vital for his
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[Music]
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survival he's on the hunt
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[Music]
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and ants are on today's
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menu just like the last meal and the
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next in fact ants are pretty much all he
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[Music]
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eats these small
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snacks are all he needs to
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survive but the ants won't surrender
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without a
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fight these are Harvest s
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ants packing super strong jaws and one
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of the most toxic insect Venoms ever
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discovered a defensive stinger in the
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back contains a neurotoxin so strong
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that with enough stings these ants could
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kill a
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human but this lizard's hunting
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technique combats the ant's deadly
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defense
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[Music]
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all he has to do is hold his
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[Music]
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nerve this timing has to be
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perfect not
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now not
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now not even now
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[Music]
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if the ants mob him he'll have to
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retreat and go
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hungry one false move and it's game
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[Music]
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over for the horned lizard getting a
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meal requires military precision and
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patience he picks a Target and takes
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[Music]
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aim it's now or
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[Music]
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never his tongue shoots forward at the
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speed of a
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bullet it's all over in a fraction of a
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second a Precision
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weapon avoiding the ants bite and deadly
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stinger
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the sticky tongue flicks it into his
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stomach in one move the ant drowns
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instantly and thick mucus on the way
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down any slower he'd get a toxic sting
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to the
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mouth as the desert heats up and Big
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Bend the challenges keep coming and the
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Texas horn lizard will deal with them
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head on
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[Music]
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on Spring moves into summer and the
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Texan Sun bakes Big Ben National Park to
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a
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[Music]
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crisp it can reach well over
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100° and the monsoon rains are more than
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a month away
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[Music]
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across the park everything is
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dry the reserves from last year's Reigns
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run
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low and the bear family desperately digs
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for the last drops of
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[Music]
00:15:22
[Music]
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water on the desert floor conditions get
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more Brutal by the
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day without rain wind whips up dust
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storms big bin transforms into a hostile
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place with such extreme heat the Park's
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main river system becomes a vital and
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Rich ribbon of Life the Rio Grand forms
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the Park's southern boundary with Mexico
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connecting millions of Acres of
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protected land on both sides of the
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Border
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overuse from agriculture upstream and a
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changing climate have reduced the once
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Mighty River's
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flow across the park rivers run
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dry each remaining water source holds
00:16:15
the key to
00:16:20
survival last summer this place had
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barely a trickle but now something truly
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surprising has appeared
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[Music]
00:16:39
an oasis of
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life but it's no
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[Laughter]
00:16:43
[Music]
00:16:47
Miracle it's an impressive feat of
00:16:50
engineering
00:16:54
[Music]
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meticulously constructed by one
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determined
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[Music]
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Critter a
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[Music]
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beaver for the past few months she's
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been building a dam on a small tributary
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of the Rio Grand
00:17:27
[Music]
00:17:34
it's taken months of hard work but night
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after night she's transformed a tiny
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spring into a Desert
00:17:45
[Music]
00:17:54
Paradise around 200 beavers live in big
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bent National
00:17:59
[Music]
00:18:01
Park but it takes a pioneering spirit
00:18:05
and perseverance to overcome its harsh
00:18:14
conditions there is another reason this
00:18:17
Beaver has been working so
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hard she's building a future for her
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family her home also provides water for
00:18:27
other animals in the
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park attracting life from miles
00:18:34
[Music]
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around but the beaver's big bin Paradise
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is about to be put to the test
00:18:59
the first sign of the coming Monsoon
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lights up the Big Ben
00:19:15
Sky warm moist air from the Gulf of
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Mexico pushes further west into the
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park it collides with the chios
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mountains immense storm clouds form St
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ready to
00:19:31
[Music]
00:19:33
break the monsoon is
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close although the storm passes 100 Mil
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to the
00:19:42
North in Big Bend it's enough to create
00:19:46
one of Nature's Most destructive
00:19:51
forces a flash
00:19:56
flood in just hours the river's flow can
00:20:00
increase more than 1,000
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times the beaver's dam is
00:20:23
destroyed months of tireless
00:20:25
construction are no match for the power
00:20:28
of floodwall
00:20:34
Waters the beaver's desert dream has
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become a
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nightmare it was a brave move to build a
00:20:46
dam
00:20:48
here but this is
00:20:51
Texas it will take more than a flash
00:20:53
flood to crush the beaver's
00:20:56
Spirit the dam just need needs to be
00:21:04
bigger while the coming Monsoon proves
00:21:07
problematic for some for others it
00:21:11
provides a world of
00:21:15
opportunity when the rains arrive plants
00:21:18
unfurl and burst into
00:21:22
life temporary life-saving pools spring
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up across the park
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and on the Steep Cliffs above the desert
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the monsoon triggers the most dramatic
00:21:33
time of the year for a mighty
00:21:38
Beast the desert big horn
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sheep their presence alone is caused for
00:21:54
celebration 60 years ago the Big Horns
00:21:57
were gone
00:22:00
killed off from over hunting and
00:22:05
disease but since the 1980s
00:22:08
International efforts have restored them
00:22:10
to their rightful
00:22:16
place with feet made to climb they are
00:22:19
perfectly adapted to the rocky
00:22:22
[Music]
00:22:26
terrain able to scale near ver vertical
00:22:28
Cliffs with
00:22:30
[Music]
00:22:33
ease the monsoon
00:22:38
[Music]
00:22:45
approaches males zero in on the scent of
00:22:48
females ready to
00:22:52
mate there is a strict hierarchy in
00:22:55
place
00:22:59
Rams younger than seven rarely take
00:23:01
[Music]
00:23:03
part competition is so Fierce that
00:23:07
one-on-one combat can last over 25
00:23:11
[Music]
00:23:14
hours but before they put their horns to
00:23:17
the test contenders taunt their rivals
00:23:22
[Music]
00:23:29
withstanding pain is a test of
00:23:32
endurance but it's a waiting
00:23:36
game who will break first
00:23:44
[Music]
00:24:03
the monsoon rains are edging closer and
00:24:06
the atmosphere is
00:24:15
electric tensions are high until fights
00:24:19
break out
00:24:40
all the fighting has a
00:24:44
purpose if the winning males breed now
00:24:47
their newborn calves will have the most
00:24:49
nutritious green choots to eat brought
00:24:52
on by the rigns
00:25:03
a finally tuned survival strategy for
00:25:05
the toughest of big Benin
00:25:15
[Music]
00:25:23
survivors the monsoon has finally
00:25:26
arrived
00:25:28
[Music]
00:25:30
it's the moment the park has been
00:25:32
waiting
00:25:35
[Music]
00:25:38
for the desert soaks up the lifegiving
00:25:42
[Music]
00:25:48
rains for plant life in Big Bend it's
00:25:52
welcome
00:25:53
relief and for the animals too
00:25:58
big Bin's veteran has another awesome
00:26:02
desert
00:26:03
[Music]
00:26:10
adaptation he flattens his body out to
00:26:13
catch as much rain as he
00:26:15
can a useful skill in a place where
00:26:19
rains are patchy and
00:26:23
unpredictable the monsoon weather system
00:26:27
is a defining feature of the park all
00:26:30
life in Big Bend depends on
00:26:34
it storms can be intense but there are
00:26:38
places here that we'll see a whole year
00:26:40
pass without receiving any
00:26:45
rain so the Texas horned lizard needs to
00:26:49
catch every precious drop
00:26:59
as fast as they arrived the rains pass
00:27:03
and big Ben dries out under the harsh
00:27:06
Texan
00:27:11
Sun but the horn lizard can find and
00:27:14
make use of any water source no matter
00:27:17
how small simply by standing in it
00:27:30
his waterproof skin has a network of
00:27:32
capillary channels between the scales
00:27:35
directing water straight into his
00:27:38
[Music]
00:27:50
mouth tiny jaw movements pull water in
00:27:53
for
00:27:54
drinking it's another amazing adaptation
00:27:57
for big Ben's toughest
00:28:04
lizard after the rains plants race to
00:28:07
flower and reproduce while moisture
00:28:10
remains in the
00:28:12
[Music]
00:28:20
soil it's time to celebrate as Big Ben
00:28:24
puts on a show in full color
00:28:43
prickly pear fruit
00:28:50
ripens providing an energy rich treat
00:28:53
for insect
00:28:56
life a leaf footage bug doesn't travel
00:29:03
far the prickly pear cactus is both his
00:29:07
home and food
00:29:14
supply most of the year his meals are a
00:29:17
little
00:29:18
tough but for a few weeks after the
00:29:22
rains it's easy picking
00:29:28
juicy soft Delicious
00:29:32
Fruit other animals have a liking for
00:29:35
cactus fruit
00:29:37
[Music]
00:29:40
too the bear cups are growing fast and
00:29:44
learning about all the good things Big
00:29:46
Ben National Park has to
00:29:48
[Music]
00:29:53
offer even the slower residents rush to
00:29:56
get a taste
00:30:03
[Music]
00:30:16
for the box turtle it's a fruity Feast
00:30:19
worth waiting
00:30:21
[Music]
00:30:26
for in the harsh Chihuahuan Desert there
00:30:29
are still times when Big Bend
00:30:35
provides one plan here is a beacon of
00:30:38
life in the
00:30:40
park an intimidating Beast with a rich
00:30:46
history the
00:30:49
Agave once a building material and food
00:30:51
source for the indigenous people of Big
00:30:54
Bend
00:30:55
[Music]
00:30:58
now it's the main ingredient in tequila
00:31:01
and
00:31:03
[Music]
00:31:04
mcow and big Ben would not be the same
00:31:08
without it the Agave doesn't seem to do
00:31:19
much it takes its sweet time to build up
00:31:23
Reserves
00:31:25
[Music]
00:31:30
sometimes waiting up to 50
00:31:33
[Music]
00:31:38
years taking energy from the sun and
00:31:41
water from the monsoon rains all the
00:31:44
while getting
00:31:46
bigger stronger and
00:31:50
sharper then one day something magical
00:31:54
happens
00:32:03
after decades the waiting is over for
00:32:05
the
00:32:06
Agave all that stored energy erupts
00:32:10
sending a stalk 30 ft into the
00:32:13
[Music]
00:32:21
sky the plant's Final Act using its last
00:32:25
reserves for one purpose to
00:32:33
reproduce flowers bloom but they need to
00:32:37
be pollinated and they're going to need
00:32:42
help hidden inside the Agave
00:32:45
flowers is sweet sweet
00:32:50
nectar the astonishing variety of flying
00:32:53
Critters in Big Bend means it doesn't
00:32:55
take long for word to get around
00:32:59
the first wave of pollinators
00:33:01
arrive some come for
00:33:05
nectar others for nectar
00:33:08
feeders but all will take a little
00:33:10
pollen with them from plant to plant
00:33:12
helping the Agave reproduce and maintain
00:33:15
its presence in the
00:33:18
park in Big Bend the secret to success
00:33:21
is making the most of every
00:33:24
opportunity and the Agave has become a
00:33:27
star at
00:33:29
[Music]
00:33:34
traction after
00:33:36
Sunset the Agave ramps up nectar
00:33:40
production its flowers now fully open
00:33:44
this is the time for the Agave to spread
00:33:47
its pollen far and wide as the second
00:33:50
wave of pollinators descend
00:33:55
[Music]
00:33:57
the five-spotted hawk Ms long proasas is
00:34:01
the right tool for the job ideal for
00:34:04
sucking up nectar from deep
00:34:09
[Music]
00:34:10
inside and just like the day at night
00:34:14
predators are on the
00:34:15
[Music]
00:34:25
prow the nocturnal elf owl is a skilled
00:34:29
[Music]
00:34:31
Hunter taking prey while they
00:34:35
feed and making a home in the Agave
00:34:46
stock but of all the creatures that
00:34:48
visit the Agave there is one that
00:34:51
spreads more pollen to more Agave plants
00:34:55
than any other pollinator
00:34:58
[Music]
00:35:01
the Mexican long-nosed
00:35:04
bat flying almost 800 miles from Central
00:35:08
Mexico they spend the summer feeding on
00:35:11
the agave in Big Ben National
00:35:15
Park until now this ancient exchange has
00:35:19
only been witnessed by a handful of
00:35:22
scientists
00:35:23
[Music]
00:35:31
the bat's long nose and tongue fit the
00:35:33
flowers like a
00:35:38
glove the agave and bat have evolved
00:35:41
together for thousands of
00:35:44
years they depend on each other for
00:35:46
survival and Big Ben National Park for
00:35:55
protection nights in the park attra
00:35:57
attract another creature from far
00:36:08
away people travel from all over the
00:36:11
world to experience something you can
00:36:13
only get in a handful of places like Big
00:36:17
Bend National
00:36:20
Park true Darkness
00:36:23
[Music]
00:36:33
here you can see across the Galaxy and
00:36:38
Beyond humans aren't the only ones to
00:36:41
make the most of the
00:36:42
[Music]
00:36:44
dark but with a sturdy pair of boots and
00:36:47
a flashlight visitors are welcome to
00:36:50
explore the park at
00:36:53
night which is the best time to see a
00:36:56
particular breed a
00:36:58
[Music]
00:37:01
visitor the
00:37:04
[Music]
00:37:07
astrophotographer Big Bend National Park
00:37:09
is at the top of their bucket
00:37:12
[Music]
00:37:14
list surrounded by millions of Acres of
00:37:18
protected land and Wilderness the lack
00:37:20
of light pollution makes it one of the
00:37:23
best places on the planet to film The
00:37:26
Stars
00:37:28
[Applause]
00:37:29
[Music]
00:37:42
as the world gets more crowded and
00:37:44
developed dark places like Big Bend
00:37:47
National Park become even more precious
00:37:53
[Music]
00:37:59
and if it's your home it's a place worth
00:38:02
fighting
00:38:05
[Music]
00:38:07
[Applause]
00:38:08
[Music]
00:38:16
for when the flood waters recede the
00:38:20
beaver gets back to
00:38:23
work
00:38:26
day and night
00:38:27
[Music]
00:38:32
night rebuilding the dam to create a
00:38:35
yearr round waterfront home for her
00:38:40
[Music]
00:38:42
family beavers are found all over
00:38:45
America but this Beaver mom is a Big
00:38:49
Bend veteran a highly skilled engineer
00:38:53
adapting to Changing
00:38:55
Times determined to make a life here
00:38:58
here no matter what the park throws at
00:39:01
[Applause]
00:39:03
[Music]
00:39:12
her as the season shifts into fall an
00:39:15
early cold snap is a sure sign that
00:39:18
winter is just around the
00:39:22
corner for the bear family it's time to
00:39:26
prepare
00:39:29
after everything that Big Bend has
00:39:31
thrown at him the best is yet to
00:39:35
come soon mom and cubs will head back to
00:39:38
the cave to ride out the winter but
00:39:41
first they need to put on enough pounds
00:39:44
to make it
00:39:46
through as a final fall gift the park
00:39:50
lays out a feast of
00:39:54
acorns oak trees thrive in the cool
00:39:58
valleys of the
00:39:59
[Music]
00:40:04
chisos creating a park
00:40:06
Paradise vital for the survival of all
00:40:11
[Music]
00:40:12
bears without the chisos Big Bend would
00:40:16
not support the rich Web of Life
00:40:20
here it's what makes the park unique
00:40:23
something the Bears certainly appreciate
00:40:26
as winter approaches
00:40:30
es they enter a phase called hyper
00:40:34
phasia eating as much as they can as
00:40:37
fast as they
00:40:40
can and oak trees provide an all you can
00:40:43
eat acorn
00:40:48
Buffet the Cubs have never seen a full
00:40:51
winter now they'll learn another
00:40:53
important survival lesson from Mom how
00:40:56
to make the most of every
00:41:00
opportunity some acorns are a long way
00:41:04
up you could just wait
00:41:09
underneath and let others do all the
00:41:13
work but sometimes you got to go
00:41:17
straight to the source
00:41:21
[Music]
00:41:33
all the tree climbing practice pays
00:41:38
[Music]
00:41:48
off now Mom can sit back and wait for
00:41:51
the acorns to
00:41:53
[Music]
00:41:54
fall letting her Cubs do all the work
00:41:57
for a
00:42:04
change a quick power
00:42:08
nap and the youngsters are back at it
00:42:11
[Music]
00:42:17
again young bears are still light enough
00:42:20
to climb out to the smallest
00:42:24
branches their reward is acorn
00:42:27
adults simply can't
00:42:29
[Music]
00:42:36
reach with the energy from a final Feast
00:42:40
the bear family heads back to the
00:42:42
mountains to wait out the
00:42:45
winter their survival means more to Big
00:42:49
Ben National Park than they can ever
00:42:51
know
00:42:53
[Music]
00:42:58
when Big Bend was established in
00:43:00
1944 there were almost no bears left in
00:43:04
the park they had all been trapped or
00:43:08
shot it wasn't until the 1980s when a
00:43:11
bold Mother Bear crossed the Rio Grand
00:43:13
to raise her Cubs in the chisos that a
00:43:16
significant bear population could begin
00:43:19
to
00:43:22
rebuild the park offered protection
00:43:26
[Music]
00:43:29
their return is a reminder that this is
00:43:32
a very special place a sanctuary not
00:43:36
just for Bears but for the entire Web of
00:43:39
Life that makes a home in the
00:43:44
park Big Bend is a treasured gift from
00:43:47
Texas to the
00:43:51
nation and like all of America's
00:43:54
national parks it's a gift worth holding
00:43:57
on to
00:44:00
[Music]
00:44:12
[Music]
