Late Medieval Early Ren Merode and St Eligius

00:11:30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vIAfVydm0w

Summary

TLDRTo malerier fra den tidlige renessansen analyseres: Robert Campins' "Maroode alterpiece" som fokuserer på privat religiøs tilbedelse i en moderne flamsk setting, med detaljerte symboler for renhet og Kristi komme, og Petrus Christus' "Goldsmith in his shop", som viser betydningen av gullsmedenes laug både i sekulær og religiøs sammenheng. Begge malerier reflekterer verdiene i 15. århundres nordlige kunst, som vektlegger detaljer, hverdagsliv, og ikonografi.

Takeaways

  • 🖼️ "Maroode alterpiece" er et triptyk fra det 15. århundre.
  • 🏠 Maleriet illustrerer privat religiøs tilbedelse i et hjem.
  • 🌸 Liljen symboliserer renhet i Campins' verk.
  • 💔 Den slokte stearinlyset forutsier Kristus' lidelse.
  • ⚖️ Gullsmeden som holder skala symboliserer rettferdighet.
  • 👰‍♀️ "Goldsmith in his shop" demonstrerer viktigheten av gullsmedenes laug.
  • 💍 Maleriet fungerer som en reklame for gullsmedene.
  • ✨ Vanitas-begrepet utforsker livets meningsløshet.
  • 💖 St. Eligius er skytshelgen for gullsmeder og representerer religiøsitet.
  • 🏰 Kontrast mellom hardtarbeidende St. Eligius og de rike som lever overfladisk.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Maleri av Robert Campin, kalt Marode altertavle, er et privat hjem altertavle som reflekterer privatiseringen av religiøs tilbedelse i det nordlige Europa på 1400-tallet. Dette trepanelmaleriet viser en annonciasjonsscene med Jomfru Maria og engelen, samt donorer som observerer øyeblikket. Maleriet er preget av detaljer og symbolikk, inkludert liljer som symboliserer renhet, en utbrent lys som refererer til Kristi lys, og den jomfruelige havnen, som understreker Maria som Guds ideal og krav.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:11:30

    Petrus Christus' maleri kalt Goldsmith in his Shop fremhever viktigheten av gullsmedgildet i samfunnet, da det viser St. Eligius som hjelper et brudepar med vielsesringer, noe som forbinder den sekulære og religiøse sfæren. Maleriet fungerer også som en reklame for gildet, og det inkluderer en vanitas-refleksjon i et konveks speil som tematiserer livets forgjengelighet. Tilstedeværelsen av velstående individer som deltar i overfladisk atferd viser kontrasten mellom religiøs dyd og livets meaninglessity, og hvordan et vellykket liv må være hektisk og produktivt.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Hva er formatet på Campins' maleri?

    Formatet er et triptyk, som innebærer tre paneler.

  • Hva symboliserer den slokte stearinlyset i Campins' maleri?

    Den slokte stearinlyset refererer til lyset fra Kristus og forutsier hans lidelse.

  • Hvem er St. Eligius?

    St. Eligius er skytshelgen for gullsmeder, svartsmeder og metallarbeidere.

  • Hva viser Petrus Christus' maleri?

    Det viser et økonomisk transaksjon i gullsmedens verksted between en brud og brudgom som kjøper gifteringer.

  • Hva innebærer begrepet 'vanitas' i konteksten av Christus' maleri?

    'Vanitas' refererer til tomhet og meningsløshet i det jordiske livet.

  • Hva betyr 'privatisering av religiøs tilbedelse' i denne konteksten?

    Det refererer til hvordan religiøs praksis blir integrert i private hjem heller enn å være banalisert og offentlige.

  • Hvilket element av domesticity er til stede i Campins' maleri?

    Virkningen av å plassere jomfru Maria i et koselig hjemmiljø.

  • Hvordan åpner Christus' maleri for vår forståelse av samfunnets verdier?

    Det kontrasterer mellom den gode, hardtarbeidende St. Eligius og den overfladiske livsstilen til de rike i samfunnet.

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  • 00:00:02
    all right I want to look at these two
  • 00:00:04
    works on the left and the right hand
  • 00:00:06
    side um to keep talking about um the
  • 00:00:09
    specifics of course of particular
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    paintings but also what makes for a good
  • 00:00:13
    Northern early Renaissance work um so
  • 00:00:17
    let's look at first at this painting
  • 00:00:19
    here on the left hand side um it's by
  • 00:00:21
    Robert campen it's called the marode uh
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    alter piece um this is a very small
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    painting this very center here is only 2
  • 00:00:30
    feet square it's in New York um belongs
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    to the met and it's in a small
  • 00:00:35
    collection called the cloysters if
  • 00:00:36
    you're ever in uh New York um so it's a
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    very small painting because um it is a
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    private home alterpiece um so this would
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    be placed in the donor's um or the
  • 00:00:49
    Patron's home and then it would be open
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    and closed depending on the lurgical
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    calendar U maybe at certain times of day
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    when prayers were said um particular
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    Saints days it would be opened um en
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    closed we want to put this in our list
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    with the book of ours that list was ways
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    that we see in northern Europe the
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    privatization of religious worship um we
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    know that religion was very important
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    that the belief and practice was
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    ingrained um in 15th century Flemish and
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    Italian life um but in the north we see
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    all these ways that they're taking
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    religious devotion and placing it in the
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    home quite literally here with its
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    private home
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    uh alterpiece
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    um the format is a trip tick now we've
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    seen ppics when we talked about Yan
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    bik's gent alter piece starting with
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    poly we said it was a many panel
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    painting trip tick starts with try means
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    it's a three- panel painting there are
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    things you already I'm sure know about
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    this painting um one is the subject
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    matter here's an angel here's the Virgin
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    Mary so it's again an anunciation scene
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    um it takes place in a modern Flemish
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    home so we know um that we see this um
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    in Italy and the north the idea of
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    placing religious stories in the time of
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    the donor uh these are the donors down
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    over here so they are not really part of
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    this religious moment they're quite
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    literally on the outside but they are
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    sort of watching the moment that's there
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    um other things you may note are those
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    orthogonal lines this is definitely
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    tilted perspective we are before the
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    time of Dirk bouts um but really sort of
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    trying to give these recessional lines
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    um although it's not quite not quite
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    working um in this work yet little Karo
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    this is all sort of review of things
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    that you've heard in the past so now
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    let's layer on some things you might not
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    know let's add first to our
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    iconography um I think I'm going to make
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    this a little
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    bigger so that we can see a little more
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    clearly um iconography uh the lily of
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    Purity you know that one The Unbroken
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    glass that makes reference to the
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    virgin's Purity so you can see see the
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    light comes through the window here we
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    we get a little tiny Christ on the cross
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    sort of flying through the air towards
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    his mother um so we've seen that
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    unbroken glass The Vessel meaning that
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    the Virgin Mary is the perfect vessel
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    for Christ let's add to our iconography
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    the extinguished Castle uh candle the
  • 00:03:17
    extinguished candle makes reference to
  • 00:03:20
    the Light of Christ it prefigures the
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    passion it's not uncommon to just toose
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    the greatest Joys and Sorrows of the
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    Virgin Mary so it's a sort of joyous
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    moment um we see this sort of reminder
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    of of Sorrow so the extinguished candle
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    is a reminder of the death of Christ um
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    the Virgin Mary on the ground we haven't
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    seen that before but that is a version
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    of the virgin of humility rather than
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    the Virgin is the Queen of Heaven or the
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    seat of wisdom here she is the virgin of
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    humility an Open Door um the one that
  • 00:03:54
    reveals uh the Annunciation to the
  • 00:03:56
    donors is an iconographic symbol as well
  • 00:03:59
    so in in the north remember more is
  • 00:04:02
    better the more detail you can cram in
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    you got to put it everywhere um so even
  • 00:04:06
    the open door is iography Paradise is
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    opened again because of the Incarnation
  • 00:04:12
    and that's what you see here so Christ
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    is coming to the the moment of
  • 00:04:16
    incarnation and now Paradise will be
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    sort of available again because of the
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    coming of Christ who eventually dies um
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    for the believer's uh
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    sins uh other iconography an enclosed
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    Garden
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    lunging towards um the servant and sort
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    of slicing off his ear we have some wood
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    here in the foreground that makes
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    reference to the cross the stick makes
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    reference to the uh crown of thorn we
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    have hammers and nails that scatter
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    around the table here and those make
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    sense to uh make reference to the
  • 00:05:51
    instruments of the passion before we
  • 00:05:53
    leave this I want to talk about what
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    else makes this a good Northern work
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    other than the fact that it's a private
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    home alter piece and the fact that it's
  • 00:06:01
    filled with a ton of detail in
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    iconography the other thing I want you
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    to see is in the north we often times
  • 00:06:07
    see moments of Domesticity
  • 00:06:11
    Domesticity um in the domestic real the
  • 00:06:13
    Virgin Mary sort of placed in a cozy
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    sort of home setting that's very popular
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    in the north they sort of um don't
  • 00:06:20
    always go for these big dramatic moments
  • 00:06:22
    but rather they place the Virgin Mary in
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    sort of a quiet home domestic setting so
  • 00:06:27
    a lot of ways that this is sort of nice
  • 00:06:29
    uh Northern
  • 00:06:31
    work let's look next uh at our painting
  • 00:06:35
    that we have here on the right hand side
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    this is by an artist named Petrus
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    Christos it's called a Goldsmith in his
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    shop um it's purported to be the first
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    example of netherlandish secular art um
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    although you know I don't know how that
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    would be with a Halo um this is St algus
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    so already not secular um he was
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    martyred in
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    Flanders uh he was a Goldsmith before
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    committing to God um he was commissioned
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    this painting was commissioned to be
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    installed in the Goldsmith's guilds
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    Chapel let me decode that for you a
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    guild is like a union of today group of
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    workers that um are employed in the same
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    like a similar Manner and this was the
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    Goldsmith Guild they had a chapel it was
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    consecrated in 1449 they wanted a
  • 00:07:29
    painting for that Chapel so they um
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    employed Petrus Christus to paint St
  • 00:07:35
    Alis who was their patron saint so it
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    makes sense um because St algas himself
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    was a Goldsmith that he would be the
  • 00:07:42
    patron saint of goldsmiths also
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    blacksmiths and metal workers and so
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    what they do here is they take their
  • 00:07:49
    patron saint um and show him in this
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    sort of common economic transaction um
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    he's here with this bride and groom who
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    come in for their uh gold wedding rings
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    um it's a generic image we a very
  • 00:08:05
    generic couple it's not really a
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    portrait um but what the one thing
  • 00:08:08
    that's sort of interesting about this
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    work is that it shows us how very
  • 00:08:12
    important the Goldsmith's Guild is of
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    course this is their painting they're
  • 00:08:15
    going to make themselves look good but
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    it's an advertisement really for their
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    business and it's on display all around
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    um and it's important to note that they
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    see themselves as integral to secular
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    and religious life secular life you can
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    see it's a sort of economic transaction
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    he's Lally sort of weighing the gold so
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    he's an important part of secular life
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    and business and prosperous sort of
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    netherlandish communities um but also to
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    the sacrament of marriage as they're
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    here to buy their wedding rings um
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    Eucharistic containers are up here um he
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    also of course holds um the scale which
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    is of course used in a common economic
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    transaction for fairness but it's also a
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    symbol of judgement a little more
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    iconography so the goldsmiths really
  • 00:09:02
    sort of show they are an important part
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    of society both in what they can provide
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    in terms of the sacraments like the
  • 00:09:09
    Eucharist and like marriage um but also
  • 00:09:13
    the important sort of services the good
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    and services that their trade provides
  • 00:09:18
    let's see what else um about this work
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    is sort of interesting it's a good sort
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    of Northern um trait that you see down
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    here on the right hand side Northern
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    Works in the 1400s and in the 1500s and
  • 00:09:31
    even in the 1600s like to show you sort
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    of the good and bad sort of the ying and
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    yang kind of thing what you should be
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    doing and what you should not be doing
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    and so we see that in this little convex
  • 00:09:42
    mirror it's kind of interesting because
  • 00:09:44
    it's turned towards us so these two are
  • 00:09:46
    in our space which is kind of
  • 00:09:48
    interesting kind it opens up space into
  • 00:09:50
    our realm rather than space always going
  • 00:09:53
    back and away from us it's opening up
  • 00:09:55
    space to us this is called a vanitas
  • 00:10:01
    image vanitas refers to emptiness and
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    the meaninglessness of our Earthly life
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    um so the way we see that is that we see
  • 00:10:14
    these two figures here they are very
  • 00:10:17
    wealthy they'd be called dandies um they
  • 00:10:20
    have nothing better to do but than to
  • 00:10:22
    practice falconry during the day so why
  • 00:10:24
    we see the good Earnest hardworking
  • 00:10:27
    Saint elious here good for religion and
  • 00:10:29
    Commerce these two were the kind of
  • 00:10:31
    people in society who really didn't um
  • 00:10:35
    really provide much in the way of um
  • 00:10:38
    sort of economic gain um they were
  • 00:10:40
    already sort of filthy stinking rich and
  • 00:10:42
    they had nothing to do all day but look
  • 00:10:44
    fabulous get dressed up and sort of play
  • 00:10:46
    with their Falcon there this is a
  • 00:10:49
    reminder um that this shows us the
  • 00:10:52
    meaninglessness and The Emptiness of
  • 00:10:54
    Life the idea of all the stuff that you
  • 00:10:56
    can gather and how fabulous you can be
  • 00:10:58
    is really
  • 00:10:59
    um really not of any consequence and so
  • 00:11:03
    it kind of shows you the way that life
  • 00:11:05
    should be led and the sort of good
  • 00:11:07
    prosperous work and good religious work
  • 00:11:09
    of these figures here in conjunction
  • 00:11:11
    with those um who are living a sort of
  • 00:11:14
    shallow and hollow life down here um so
  • 00:11:18
    these two uh sort of seen together sort
  • 00:11:19
    of open up more um in terms of our
  • 00:11:23
    understanding of what makes for a good
  • 00:11:24
    Northern 15th century
  • 00:11:28
    work
Tags
  • Robert Campin
  • Maroode altar
  • Petrus Christus
  • Goldsmith in his shop
  • nordlig renessanse
  • symbolikk
  • privat tilbedelse
  • sekulær kunst
  • ikonografi
  • hverdagsliv