Late Medieval Early Ren Northern Europe Germany

00:07:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3TQZyOyHJw

Summary

TLDRIn die lesing word daar gefokus op twee verskillende Duitse kunswerke wat met die Maagd Maria verband hou. Die eerste werk, 'Madonna in die Roos Tuin' deur Stefan Lochner, beklemtoon die devosie aan die Maagd en die privatisering van godsdienstige praktyke. Dit beeld die Maagd Maria uit in 'n roostuin, wat simbolies is van haar suiwerheid en die gebed met 'n rozenkrans. Die tweede werk, 'Die dood en aanname van die Maagd Maria', is 'n altaarstuk wat skilderkuns, beeldhouwerk en argitektuur kombineer. Dit toon die dramatiek van die Maagd se dood, haar aanname in die hemel, en haar kroning as Koningin van die Hemel, met 'n fokus op emosionele en menslike elemente in die voorstellings van die dissipels.

Takeaways

  • 🎨 Duitse kunswerke fokus op heiligheid en devosie.
  • 👩‍🎨 Stefan Lochner het 'Madonna in die Roos Tuin' geskep.
  • 🌹 Die roostuin simboliseer die Maagd se suiwerheid.
  • 🙏 Gebed met 'n rozenkrans speel 'n sentrale rol.
  • 📜 'Dormitio' verduidelik die Maagd se slaap in plaas van dood.
  • 🏰 'n Altaarstuk kombineer skilderkuns, beeldhouwerk en argitektuur.
  • 📖 Dramatiek is 'n belangrike kenmerk in die voorstelling.
  • 🌍 Menslike aspekte is meer sigbaar in die dissipels se uitdrukkings.
  • 👑 Die Maagd Maria word as die Koningin van die Hemel gekroon.
  • 🕊️ Die duif simboliseer die Heilige Gees se teenwoordigheid.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:00

    Die lesing fokus op die ontwikkeling van Duitse kuns met 'n bepaalde klem op die godsdienstige toewyding, spesifiek aan die Maagd Maria. Steven Lochner se 'Die Madonna in die Roos Tuin', 'n werk uit 1448, illustreer die belangrikheid van die privatisering van godsdiens en die voorliefde vir die rozenkrans. Die kunsstuk weerspieël 'n terugblik na die Bisantynse styl met iconografie wat die Maagd se nederigheid en puurheid beklemtoon, terwyl dit ook die welvaart van die Duitse middelklas verteenwoordig. Laastens, die 'Dood en Hemelvaart van die Maagd Maria' altaarstuk, wat verskeie media kombineer, wys die dramatiese vertelling van haar dood en aanname in die hemel, wat 'n mensliker benadering tot godsdienstige tema's bevorder, uiting gee aan drama en devotie tydens die laat Duitse Gotiese periode.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Wie is die kunstenaar van 'Madonna in die Roos Tuin'?

    Die kunstenaar is Stefan Lochner.

  • Wat simboliseer die Maagd Maria se posisie op die aarde in die 'Madonna in die Roos Tuin'?

    Dit simboliseer haar as die Maagd van nederigheid.

  • Wat is die tema van die altaarstuk oor die dood en aanname van die Maagd Maria?

    Dit verken die drievoudige verhaal van die Maagd se slaap, aanname in die hemel, en haar kroon as Koningin van die Hemel.

  • Hoe word die privatisering van religieuse aanbidding in die kunswerke voorgestel?

    Dit word voorgestel deur die fokus op persoonlike aanbidding soos gebed met 'n rozenkrans.

  • Wat is die rol van die duif in die kunswerk?

    Die duif verteenwoordig die Heilige Gees in die teenwoordigheid van God die Vader.

  • Watter styl word in die 'Madonna in die Roos Tuin' aangetref?

    Daar is 'n terugverwysing na die Bisantynse styl.

  • Watter elemente in die tweede werk beklemtoon emosionaliteit?

    Die dramatiek van die Maagd se posisie en die verskillende uitdrukkings van die dissipels beklemtoon emosionaliteit.

  • Wat is 'n spesifieke kenmerk van die beeldhouwerk in die altaarstuk?

    Die beeldhouwerk is 'n saamgestelde media aanbieding met skilderye in 'n argitektoniese raamwerk.

  • Wat verduidelik die gebruik van natuurlikheid in die figuur voorstelling?

    Die natuurlikheid van die figure wat nie meer ideaal of perfek lyk nie, maak die tonele meer herkenbaar.

  • Wat is die betekenis van 'Dormitio' in die konteks van die Maagd Maria?

    'Dormitio' verwys na die opvatting dat sy nie gesterf het nie, maar eerder geslaap het.

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  • 00:00:02
    with this lecture we are going to talk
  • 00:00:04
    about Germany so we've been to
  • 00:00:06
    France we've been to Flanders and now
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    we're moving to Germany to look at two
  • 00:00:10
    very different works so I'm going to try
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    to tie these together uh and say that
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    German Works um tend to be very Pious
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    there's a great interest in the Devotion
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    to the Virgin Mary um so highly
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    religious um and relatively dramatic
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    Works um in the surface of religion so
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    let's look at this work on the left hand
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    side this is by an artist named Steven
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    lochner it's called the Madonna in the
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    Rose Garden the years is about
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    1448 um there's some iconography of
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    course to see here the first is the
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    Virgin Mary Seated on the ground means
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    she's the virgin of humility um in
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    enclosed Garden makes preference
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    reference to her Purity um here's God
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    the Father with the dove the dove shows
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    him sort of dispatching the whole Spirit
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    um so we see that iconography there as
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    well the Virgin Mary here also though as
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    she is seated in a Rose Garden reflects
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    an interest in praying the rosary and
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    the rosary you may have seen recited or
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    done it yourself um prayers that are um
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    recited in sort of a chanting manner as
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    you hold the rosary beads and work your
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    way um around the rosary beads and it
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    meditates on the Life of Christ um and
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    the Virgin Mary what I want want to do
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    with this idea of praying the rosary and
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    making reference to that by placing the
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    virgin in the Rose Garden um is to put
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    that in our list of the privatization of
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    religious worship we've seen small
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    prayer books those books of ours we've
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    seen private home altar pieces like the
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    morroe alterpiece and now we see
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    references to praying the rosary again
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    we see the north as privatizing
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    religious worship and we're approaching
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    the time of Martin Luther and the
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    Protestant
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    Reformation um
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    and so it's important to see the north
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    sort of start this list so that we see
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    that the north was sort of primed and
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    ready um taking religious worship out of
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    the Catholic church and making it more
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    of a private uh
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    Endeavor this work um as you may have
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    noticed as sort of a throwback to that
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    Byzantine style the sort of golden
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    background a little bit flat a little
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    bit stylized all these sort of
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    hierarchical proportioning of the Virgin
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    Mary all these angels looking the same a
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    sort of homunculus type view
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    of Christ here um and and all at a
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    curious date of 1448 so we're really
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    sort of deep into the early renissance
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    approaching the high Renaissance and we
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    see this sort of throwback um middle and
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    upper class patrons in Germany at the
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    time and and and really throughout the
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    north as there was a thriving sort of
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    upper middle class would really
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    appreciate and see uh a sort of feeling
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    of wealth in this time honored style
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    it's a little bit more conventional a
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    little bit more of a throwback it's sort
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    of a a safer style to commission for the
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    sort of upper middle class is sort of
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    familiar time honored iconography time
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    honored style and presentation rather
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    than pushing the envelope towards more
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    naturalism sort of this new fangled
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    style um this is sort of playing it safe
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    um if you will but this should look very
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    different to you from our other German
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    examples so it showed us a sort of wide
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    range of German Works um still very
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    Pious very devout um this is viat st's
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    the uh death and Assumption of the
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    Virgin Mary it's an altar piece we're
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    looking at the um altar of the Church of
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    St Mary that is now CCO Poland um this
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    is sort of three medium all at the same
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    time it's 40 feet high which means uh
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    We've tipped over into
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    architecture um it is also
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    sculpture uh and it's also painting as
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    well so we see all three media we're
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    going to show you the closed view here
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    on the Le hand side gives you an idea of
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    scale when you look at the alar down
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    here in these small paintings um and
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    then this is the open view that is here
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    um the outer edges show the life of the
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    virgin in Christ um the center panel
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    though when you open it up shows us the
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    sort of three-part story of the Virgin
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    Mary the Virgin Mary's first dorm
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    Mission we're going to zoom in here but
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    here's the dorm mission of the Virgin
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    Mary and then it shows the Assumption of
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    the Virgin Mary into heaven and then we
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    see her coronation is the Queen of
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    Heaven up here so it's this sort of
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    tripartite or three-part drama of the
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    death of the Virgin Mary now I say death
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    but I really should not say death um it
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    was believed that the Virgin Mary um was
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    immaculately conceived um immaculately
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    conceived means normal biological means
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    um but that God acted upon her soul to
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    keep her Immaculate because remember she
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    is the sort of perfect vessel as we've
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    seen in our iconography
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    for Christ um so the Virgin Mary um
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    because she is immaculately conceived
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    she does not die but rather she sleeps
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    which is the name Door Mission like a
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    dormir um to sleep um and so we see her
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    the moment she's sort of slumped over
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    here and she is supported um by two of
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    Christ's uh Disciple This is Peter and
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    John on either side of her um and again
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    because she doesn't die but rather she
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    sleeps her body is assumed into heaven
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    not her soul but her whole body and you
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    can see her body up here with Christ so
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    this is her assumption and then if we
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    move up here uh let it get into Focus
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    here we see her being um crowned the
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    Queen of Heaven this is sort of an
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    interesting view that we haven't seen uh
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    in the past it's a little bit more
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    dramatic um as we haven't seen painted
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    sculpture so it's a little bit I don't
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    know sort of jarring when you look at it
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    this sort sort of painted it's very um
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    oh it makes it feel a little bit more
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    real um even though it's sort of clad in
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    Gold when you see the painted faces it
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    sort of gives it a little bit more of a
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    realistic quality um there was a late
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    sort of German Gothic interest in drama
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    and piety and extreme Devotion to the
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    Virgin Mary um a whole lot of drama then
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    is whipped up this sort of copious
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    amounts of drapery that sort of swirls
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    around here it's very sort of emotional
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    to see the Virgin Mary sort of slumped
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    over there at the moment of her death um
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    a good example and a good reminder of a
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    further humanization of a religious
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    subject matter these are really common
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    looking people they all look very
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    different all of these disciples none of
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    them sort of beautiful or perfect or
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    idealized like they were in the Middle
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    Ages um so they look a little bit more
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    real and naturalistic which again makes
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    this sort of dorm mission of the Virgin
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    Mary seem all that much more sort of
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    dramatic and uh emotional
Tags
  • Duitse kuns
  • Maagd Maria
  • privatisering van aanbidding
  • madonna
  • rozenkrans
  • Dormitio
  • hoogte drama
  • skilderkuns
  • beeldhouwerk
  • argitektuur