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hello everyone and welcome back this is
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dr padama and this time we are going to
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discuss the research instrument used for
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quantitative and qualitative research so
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before we go on to our discussion please
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uh subscribe to my youtube channel at
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docketpadama and click that notification
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button for this particular video so
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going on to our discussion there are
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varied uh types of research instruments
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that you can use and these instruments
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make sure that they are aligned
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and relevant to the research that you
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are conducting so there are different
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types of research method you have
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quantitative and qualitative research
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and for these different types of
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researches
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your instrument should follow
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the type of method or research method
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that you are using so if you're using
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quantitative research
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the instrument that you should use
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should fall under the classification of
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this type of research method
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it's the same with qualitative there are
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also different types of instruments that
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you can use for qualitative research
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okay in general the definition of
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research instrument is a tool used to
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collect and gather data
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the main goal and objective of an
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instrument is used to collect and gather
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data what particular data data relevant
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related to the study the research that
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you are conducting
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so a good research instrument should
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have the following characteristics
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it should be validated and it should be
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reliable so validation and reliability
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of the instrument is important and we
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are going to relate validation and
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reliability on the next part of this
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discussion so validation
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will
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determine the relevance of the content
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if you're doing content validation the
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relevance of the content and the
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appropriateness of the content of your
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instrument to the research that you are
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conducting
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is the content or are the contents
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of your
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instrument uh relevant related to and
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will answer the main objective of your
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research that remains to be validated
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okay and specifically that is called
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content validation aside from content
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validation there are also other types of
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validation or classifications of
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validations that you can use so these
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are done by experts usually in the
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graduate school we require them to have
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at least three experts validating their
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instrument under content validation now
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reliability
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is the consistency of the instrument so
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if your instrument or if your research
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will be uh computed or used your
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instrument will be used in other
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researches the the consistency in terms
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of the output or result of your
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instrument should be present okay so
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there's no discrepancy with regard to
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the first result and the second result
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if somebody would try to uh
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double check the result of your uh the
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result or the output of your instrument
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so this is what we
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call validation the difference between
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validation and reliability but most of
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the time specifically in our institution
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we focus on the validation of the
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instrument now
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general classifications of research
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instruments are the following the
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general classifications of research
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instrument are the following so you have
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number one and number two and number
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three
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so you often hear the term standardized
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instrument and then you have the
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researcher made instrument and then you
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have i don't know if you're familiar
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with the third one modified standardized
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instrument so let's start with the first
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one when we talk about standardized
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instrument this is
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a tool used to gather or collect data
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that has already been used in other
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studies or other research
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researches
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um created by that particular writer or
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researcher so again a standardized
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instrument has already been used
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utilized in other studies therefore this
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particular instrument has already been
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validated
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okay
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again a standardized instrument has
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already been used in other studies
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therefore it is already validated now
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you you found out that this particular
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instrument the standardized instrument
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while browsing and looking
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uh online is the same
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it has the same domain the same element
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as the study that you are conducting and
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you want to use this instrument
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is it possible the answer is yes
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you can use the same instrument but
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there are ethical considerations and
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procedures that you need to follow for
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you to be able to use this instrument
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and the first one is to ask permission
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from the owner you get your permission
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uh you get permission from the owner to
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use the instrument in your study and
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usually these researchers
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uh when asked permission usually give uh
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their another uh they agree
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that you you can use their instrument in
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your study and some of them
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may may not reply or respond to your
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request
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uh usually what we do there was a case
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during a defense
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wherein the author of the instrument did
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not reply to the email to the request
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the panel decided that just as long as
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you have done due process and due
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diligence
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in asking permission
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then the the instrument was uh
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accepted by the panel to be to be used
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okay so again
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these are the sample situations uh that
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may incur or occur
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during the use of this standardized
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instrument so that's number one no need
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for validation no need for validation
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when
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you use what we call a standardized
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instrument
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now
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the second one is what we call the
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researcher made instrument
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the um
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literally
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according to the title of this
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particular instrument this is an
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instrument created by the researcher
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since if you did your due diligence and
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you were not able to look for
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similar instrument online relevant
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related to the to the research that you
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are conducting then there is no choice
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but for the researcher to make their own
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instrument in this particular instrument
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the researcher now needs to conduct
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validation the researcher needs to
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conduct
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validation
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and if it is required by the institution
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you also need if they require you to
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conduct reliability tests then by all
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means you have to go through reliability
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tests for your instrument but usually
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for researcher made instrument
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validation is required
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okay
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then
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uh the next one is modified standardized
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instrument so if you found an instrument
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a standardized instrument that somewhat
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in other parts matches the study that
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you are conducting but there are other
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parts that you need to modify in order
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to align the instrument to the study
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that you are conducting you need to
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to uh modify that particular part
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so uh the standardized instrument will
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now undergo uh specific changes or
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minimal changes on other parts of the
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instrument and again the procedure or
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the process for this is number one is to
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again ask permission from the owner
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and then you inform the owner of the
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standardized instrument that there will
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be modifications
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and then you give
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you give um
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details of these modifications
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okay
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and then after that you wait for the uh
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approval of the
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owner of the instrument and then if that
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has already been approved and you've
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already implemented the modification
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this particular instrument now would
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have to undergo validation
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since
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it is not pure
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uh pure standardized instrument or
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unadulterated instrument that was used
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in previous study then you have to go
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through
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the validation processes process again
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for this modified standardized
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instrument so again these are usually
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the classifications of general
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classifications of research instrument
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standardized instrument researcher made
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instrument and modified standardized
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instrument and the process and procedure
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that you need to do when you are
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utilizing these types of instruments now
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going to the different types of
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instruments used for quantitative and
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qualitative so research instruments used
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for qualitative research are the
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following
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qualitative research
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okay so this is a type of study wherein
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you gather data in the form of
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narratives
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so narratives refer to processes story
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procedures taken from the respondents so
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how do you collect them number one you
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can use observation
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you can use uh recording
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uh and you can use uh your your senses
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in order to
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uh
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uh gather data and then what you have
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observed you have to write it down
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yourself so you will be the one
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narrating what you have already observed
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so that is observation interview we are
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very much familiar with interviews so
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this is usually done through phone or
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face to face
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and then right now you can also do this
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online
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using the video conferencing
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applications whether google meeting or
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face facetime or other video
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conferencing applications other than
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what has already been mentioned so
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interview is throwing questions
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individually on a person
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uh that you are uh
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that you
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uh
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classify as a respondent to your study
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and then
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writing down that particular response of
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uh the the respondent okay or the person
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that you are interviewing okay the next
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one is focus group discussion focus
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group discussion is somewhat
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a type of interview but conducted on a
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bigger number so instead of individually
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interviewing focus group discussion
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gathers a group of people
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and then
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throwing the question to the group and
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then gathering their responses
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within that particular time okay so that
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is what we call a focus group discussion
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or fgd
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okay so usually they use the acronym fgd
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for focus group discussion and then the
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other one is document analysis so
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document analysis are also known as
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artifact analysis so what
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is available
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in terms of references or that will
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serve as your source of data that is
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already printed or
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as i've said an artifact
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an object that has
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been left behind that will serve as a
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clue for you to be able to gather data
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you can gather your up you can gather
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your data by writing your observation on
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that particular artifact document
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analysis
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uh on a particular literally a document
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that has been left behind and then you
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try to go through that document and try
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to write the narrative
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of what you have observed on that
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particular document so that is what we
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call document analysis
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okay the next one
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on the next type of
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research method which is quantitative
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research what
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common instruments you usually use on
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this uh
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particular method so you have survey
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questionnaire checklist and test used
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for experimental research survey or
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usually they combine it with
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questionnaire survey questionnaire is
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the most common type of research
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instrument so this is where
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tables and scales are included in the
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instrument in order to
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uh measure their responses so when we
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talk about quantitative earlier i said i
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mentioned in qualitative this is more on
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data in the form of narratives
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now when we talk about quantitative
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research this is more on data on the
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form of
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measurable
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values so it uses
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numeric values
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to use a scales
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in the chooses tables
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and
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in order to analyze all of this you use
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statistical tools
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okay
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so
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again survey questionnaires utilizes
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these tables
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scales wherein you are required to check
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or tick at least one
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and then after that they would be able
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to measure your responses so
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these are survey questionnaires
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checklist is a simpler form wherein
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there is a question presented and there
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are options that you can
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take at the bottom so instead of the
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table form
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leicard form wherein there are certain
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numbers that you can use
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in order to identify your response
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checklist is a more direct to the point
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so checklist usually
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is used for
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ranking ordering
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type of research that you are conducting
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so again test okay this is number four
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test refers to or you is used for
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experimental research
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so if you are conducting an experimental
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research with which test a particular
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strategy
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a strategy in teaching
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so you would
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present what we call a pre-test and
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post-test
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in order to measure the learning gains
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of your respondents okay so again these
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are the types of instruments used for
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qualitative and quantitative and again
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these are the general classifications of
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these instruments that you can use so
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again
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this is where we end our discussion
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regarding research instruments for
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quantitative and qualitative research i
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hope this would be able to help you in
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writing your research paper and again on
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the left side of your screen towards the
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end of this discussion you will be
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seeing uh recommended videos that can
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help you in writing your other parts or
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the other parts of your research from
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chapters one to chapter five and again
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please do click the subscribe button for
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00:16:41
much everyone stay safe god bless and
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keep learning see you on our next video
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goodbye
