Life Before Birth - In the Womb
Summary
TLDRThe video narrates the miraculous journey of a human fetus from conception to birth, emphasizing the intricate processes and developments occurring within the womb. It follows the entire nine-month period, detailing stages like fertilization, cellular division, formation of organs, and development of essential senses. It showcases the critical roles of genetics and the placenta, as well as the impact of external factors such as maternal stress. Advanced 4D ultrasound technology allows us to witness fetal movements and behaviors like yawning, stretching, and even dreaming. The narration poetically guides the audience through the fetus's transformation, raising questions about the nature of life, identity, and our connection with the world. By birth, the child is shown to have traveled extensively in his pre-world journey, fully formed and ready to begin life outside the womb.
Takeaways
- 🎉 Birth is a miraculous journey from a single cell to a fully developed baby in nine months.
- 📈 Fertilized egg grows rapidly, changing from a cell to a complex human being.
- 🧬 Genes play a crucial role in determining our physical and mental traits.
- 👶 The placenta serves as the lifeline for the fetus, ensuring supply of nutrients and oxygen.
- 📸 4D ultrasounds provide unprecedented insights into fetal behavior and growth.
- 👂 The fetus hears and responds to sounds from outside the womb, influencing early bonding.
- 🧠 The fetal brain is incredibly active, forming connections at an astronomical rate.
- 💤 Fetus likely dreams in the womb, indicating early neural development.
- ❤️ Stress and emotions experienced by the mother can deeply impact fetal health and development.
- ⏳ Each stage of pregnancy brings critical developments that set the stage for independent life after birth.
Timeline
- 00:00:00 - 00:05:00
The introduction describes the miraculous journey of conception and fetal development, highlighting the transition from a single cell to a fully developed baby, illustrating this process as a shared human experience.
- 00:05:00 - 00:10:00
The development within the womb is explored through advanced 4D ultrasound scans, revealing that by the time of birth, the fetus has developed significant capabilities such as grasping, recognizing voices, and dreaming.
- 00:10:00 - 00:15:00
The journey of sperm to the egg is depicted, with sperm carrying the father's genetic information and the egg, containing the mother's genetic code, being released monthly from the ovaries.
- 00:15:00 - 00:20:00
In the moment of conception, the fertilized egg begins the journey of developing into a human, with genetic information from both parents combining to determine the future characteristics of the child.
- 00:20:00 - 00:25:00
The early stages after fertilization involve rapid cell division, forming a blastocyst, and the beginning of differentiation into cells that will become the placenta and the embryo.
- 00:25:00 - 00:30:00
The embryo continues to develop with critical structures like the heart forming by the third week, while nerve cells and brain activity start to emerge, marking significant developmental milestones.
- 00:30:00 - 00:35:00
The developing embryo becomes a fetus by eight weeks, and the placenta takes over its nourishment, protecting it from some harmful substances while also becoming vulnerable to others like alcohol and nicotine.
- 00:35:00 - 00:40:00
By the end of the first trimester, the fetus shows human traits, begins practicing reflexes, and becomes less susceptible to miscarriage, with key organs like the heart fully operational.
- 00:40:00 - 00:45:00
During the second trimester, the fetus develops movement and begins to sense his environment, with significant cognitive and physical developments such as hand and foot growth.
- 00:45:00 - 00:50:00
Remarkable senses like touch and hearing develop around the 24th week; the fetus can taste flavors from the mother's diet and hear external sounds, laying the foundation for post-birth interactions.
- 00:50:00 - 00:55:00
The fetus shows signs of REM sleep and possibly dreams by the third trimester, with the brain developing rapidly and preparing for life outside the womb.
- 00:55:00 - 01:00:00
The mother's physiological changes support the growing fetus, who must now focus on behaviors needed for survival outside the womb, like breathing and sucking, through practiced reflexes.
- 01:00:00 - 01:05:00
As the due date approaches, the fetus is fully developed, and memory formation begins, showcasing long-term effects on post-birth intelligence and preferences.
- 01:05:00 - 01:10:00
Fetal reactions to external stimuli, like music, indicate developed senses and beginning of learning and memory, highlighting the connectivity of pre-birth environment influences on future behavior.
- 01:10:00 - 01:15:00
The end of pregnancy brings final touches like gaining fat and the lungs maturing, while the exact onset of labor involves a complex interaction between biological cues from the fetus and mother.
- 01:15:00 - 01:20:00
As labor begins, the baby's journey through the birth canal is depicted, with physiological changes ensuring oxygen supply until independent breathing initiates post-birth.
- 01:20:00 - 01:25:00
Upon delivery, the newborn shifts from placenta dependency, starting independent breathing, marking the beginning of a new phase of development outside the womb.
- 01:25:00 - 01:30:00
The extraordinary transition from prenatal to newborn life is celebrated, highlighting the familiar yet unique cycle of birth witnessed worldwide and reflecting on human evolution.
- 01:30:00 - 01:35:00
Reflecting on the labor and delivery process, it emphasizes the role of biological and genetic factors in prenatal development, connecting the miracle of life with scientific understanding.
- 01:35:00 - 01:42:35
Concluding with the birth of the child, the narrative emphasizes the beginning of a new journey, exploring life's continuum from conception to birth and celebrating the miracle of life.
Mind Map
Video Q&A
What is the main theme of the video?
The main theme is the journey of human life from conception to birth.
How many sperm are released during ejaculation?
During ejaculation, a mature healthy man expels up to 500 million sperm.
What determines the sex of a child?
The sex of the child is determined by the sperm's chromosome, either X for a girl or Y for a boy.
What role does the placenta play during pregnancy?
The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and filters out harmful substances.
What are reflex actions mentioned in the video?
Reflex actions like sucking, breathing, and swallowing are practiced in the womb and are crucial for survival after birth.
When do fetal heartbeats start?
The fetal heart starts beating at around 22 days after conception.
What is the significance of 4D ultrasound scans?
4D ultrasound scans provide real-time images of the fetus, illustrating growth, behavior, and development in unprecedented detail.
What sense is most developed in the fetus?
Hearing is the most developed sense in the fetus.
When does the fetus start to create memories?
The fetus begins to create memories around 32 weeks of gestation.
How does stress affect a baby during pregnancy?
Stress in the mother can affect the child's mental and physical development, potentially leading to chronic health issues post-birth.
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- 00:00:03[Music]
- 00:00:16[Music]
- 00:00:26congratulations
- 00:00:29against all odds you were conceived
- 00:00:32from a single cell to a fully grown baby
- 00:00:35in just nine months
- 00:00:37amazing
- 00:00:39you are a miracle
- 00:00:41and so am i
- 00:00:45what you are about to see was my journey
- 00:00:49it was also yours
- 00:00:52[Music]
- 00:01:02this baby is about to be forced from his
- 00:01:05calm and comforting cocoon
- 00:01:08and thrust into a noisy bright and
- 00:01:10terrifying new world
- 00:01:20[Music]
- 00:01:27[Music]
- 00:01:30a new generation of 4d ultrasound scans
- 00:01:34has opened up a window on the womb
- 00:01:37allowing us to see the development of
- 00:01:39the fetus as never before
- 00:01:41[Music]
- 00:01:45during his odyssey in the womb
- 00:01:47the fetus has learned to grasp with his
- 00:01:49fingers
- 00:01:50to smile and frown
- 00:01:52he can recognize his mother's voice
- 00:01:55and even dream
- 00:01:58all before even being born
- 00:02:02[Music]
- 00:02:40so
- 00:02:52during ejaculation
- 00:02:54a mature healthy man expels up to 500
- 00:02:57million sperm inside a woman's vagina
- 00:03:01and the journey begins
- 00:03:05each sperm
- 00:03:06carries its own copy of the father's
- 00:03:08genetic code
- 00:03:14[Music]
- 00:03:35with a basic sense of smell
- 00:03:38the sperm
- 00:03:39the smallest cell in the human body
- 00:03:42sniff their way up the fallopian tube
- 00:03:44towards the egg
- 00:03:46the largest cell in the body
- 00:03:48[Music]
- 00:03:54each month a woman's ovaries release one
- 00:03:57egg containing her own genetic code
- 00:04:02she made these aids
- 00:04:04while she was still a fetus herself
- 00:04:07they've been kept in storage ever since
- 00:04:09through childhood and adolescence and on
- 00:04:12into adulthood
- 00:04:15[Music]
- 00:04:21it may take up to 10 hours before the
- 00:04:23actual moment of conception
- 00:04:26and the mother may be completely unaware
- 00:04:28of the secret events inside her belly
- 00:04:34[Music]
- 00:04:52and so begins my journey through space
- 00:04:56a micro cosmos
- 00:04:58planets
- 00:04:59asteroids molecules chromosomes
- 00:05:03constellations swirling
- 00:05:06a genetic whirlpool
- 00:05:08worlds within worlds
- 00:05:10a russian doll of universes
- 00:05:13bursting at each seam
- 00:05:18[Music]
- 00:05:37this is not my voice
- 00:05:40no more than this is a human being
- 00:05:43what you see is a human about to be
- 00:05:47i cannot talk or think or feel
- 00:05:50i am in limbo
- 00:05:52but at least i am
- 00:05:54i have passed from isn't it is
- 00:05:58until now i wasn't
- 00:06:00but now i am
- 00:06:02a promise made by the past to the future
- 00:06:06a beginning
- 00:06:07i am the beginning of flesh
- 00:06:10made word
- 00:06:20[Music]
- 00:06:24inside the fertilized egg
- 00:06:26the plans for this new human life begin
- 00:06:29to unfold
- 00:06:31the genetic code is stored in bundles
- 00:06:34called chromosomes
- 00:06:3623 from each parent
- 00:06:40each microscopic chromosome contains
- 00:06:43over 2 meters of supercoiled dna
- 00:06:50along the double helix of the dna
- 00:06:52molecules apply the patterns of chemical
- 00:06:54codes that hold the key to our
- 00:06:57uniqueness
- 00:06:58our genes
- 00:07:02[Music]
- 00:07:04it is our genes that tell us to become a
- 00:07:06human
- 00:07:07rather than a bird or a tree
- 00:07:10as well as deciding exactly what kind of
- 00:07:13person we will be
- 00:07:18[Laughter]
- 00:07:31the genetic code is a set of
- 00:07:33instructions for the cells a sort of
- 00:07:36manual giving directions that tells them
- 00:07:38how to grow
- 00:07:41am i already cast in stone or can i
- 00:07:44break the mold
- 00:07:46sin francis of assisi or al capone
- 00:07:50which will i be when i'm old
- 00:07:53my dna has lots of presence waiting
- 00:07:57and i'll find out on my birthday what it
- 00:07:59brings
- 00:08:03secretly i'm hoping for a nice pair of
- 00:08:06wings
- 00:08:13our parents make an equal contribution
- 00:08:15to most of our genetic makeup
- 00:08:17but the sex of the child is all down to
- 00:08:20the father
- 00:08:22his sperm can be one of two types
- 00:08:25x for a girl
- 00:08:27or y for a boy
- 00:08:30although they won't know it for many
- 00:08:31months
- 00:08:32for these parents it was a wise fern
- 00:08:34that won the race
- 00:08:36and they're going to have a boy
- 00:08:42the genes he has inherited will have
- 00:08:44already predetermined his looks much of
- 00:08:47his character whether he's stubborn
- 00:08:49intelligent a fruit seeker or good at
- 00:08:52music
- 00:08:53and even his vulnerability to certain
- 00:08:55diseases like cancer schizophrenia or
- 00:08:59diabetes
- 00:09:00[Music]
- 00:09:03the exact course of his life will depend
- 00:09:05on many things his friends his family
- 00:09:08his whole environment
- 00:09:10but at the instant of fertilization
- 00:09:13much of his future is foretold
- 00:09:25[Music]
- 00:09:30the fertilized egg continues its journey
- 00:09:34traveling along the fallopian tube
- 00:09:36towards the safety of the uterus
- 00:09:38[Music]
- 00:09:41about a day after fertilization
- 00:09:43the egg makes its first division
- 00:09:47[Music]
- 00:09:59on cue
- 00:10:00the nucleus splits in two and my cell
- 00:10:02divides
- 00:10:04who's keeping time
- 00:10:06who makes the decision
- 00:10:08the watchmaker with 2020 vision
- 00:10:15[Music]
- 00:10:28this process of division continues as
- 00:10:30the clump of cells travels down the
- 00:10:32fallopian tube
- 00:10:35after four or five days
- 00:10:37the tiny ball now called a blastocyst
- 00:10:40has grown to around 100 cells
- 00:10:43and it begins to divide in two
- 00:10:48the outer ring of cells is destined to
- 00:10:50become the placenta
- 00:10:52while the inner clump will become the
- 00:10:54embryo itself
- 00:10:57at this stage these inner cells are all
- 00:11:00identical
- 00:11:01they are dividing rapidly and are known
- 00:11:04as stem cells
- 00:11:07they have the remarkable capacity to
- 00:11:09turn into any one of over 200 different
- 00:11:12types of cell
- 00:11:14and grow
- 00:11:15into any part of the human body
- 00:11:23[Music]
- 00:11:27imagine drops of water
- 00:11:29frozen into the perfect shape of
- 00:11:31snowflakes
- 00:11:32each one unique
- 00:11:34then imagine snowflakes tossed into the
- 00:11:37air and falling to earth
- 00:11:39frozen into the perfect shape of a
- 00:11:42snowman
- 00:11:45i am being pulled in all directions
- 00:11:48could go anywhere become anything
- 00:11:51and yet it feels
- 00:11:53as if nothing is left to chance
- 00:12:02[Music]
- 00:12:11after seven days
- 00:12:12the blastocyst reaches the end of the
- 00:12:15fallopian tube and arrives in the uterus
- 00:12:18it's home for the next nine months
- 00:12:28[Music]
- 00:12:36oh
- 00:12:43[Music]
- 00:12:51the embryo is now starting to take shape
- 00:12:55during the third week the embryonic ball
- 00:12:57of cells no bigger than a pinhead
- 00:13:00folds in on itself to form a long tube
- 00:13:10[Music]
- 00:13:14the top of the tube will become the head
- 00:13:17while the trunk of the body
- 00:13:19stretches down below
- 00:13:23the head doesn't look much like a head
- 00:13:25yet
- 00:13:26but at day 15 nerve cells begin to form
- 00:13:30in the brain and in the spinal column
- 00:13:32exposed and totally unprotected by skin
- 00:13:35or bone
- 00:13:38signals flicker through the neurons and
- 00:13:41the brain sparks into activity
- 00:13:55wow
- 00:14:07is this it
- 00:14:08the point at which my life begins
- 00:14:11cognition switched on
- 00:14:14now there's food for thought
- 00:14:17i am
- 00:14:18therefore i think
- 00:14:24[Music]
- 00:14:34inside her body
- 00:14:35the mother is creating a safe
- 00:14:37environment for the baby to grow
- 00:14:40protected from the dangers of the
- 00:14:41outside world
- 00:14:46as soon as she becomes pregnant
- 00:14:49drastic changes sweep through the
- 00:14:50mother's system
- 00:14:53her blood volume may leap by up to 50
- 00:14:56percent
- 00:14:57to cope with the extra demand for oxygen
- 00:14:59from the growth in her womb
- 00:15:03[Music]
- 00:15:04once the embryo embeds itself in the
- 00:15:07uterus
- 00:15:08it will start to draw from the mother's
- 00:15:10bloodstream all it needs to grow
- 00:15:21[Music]
- 00:15:28one of the first recognizable organs to
- 00:15:30form is the heart
- 00:15:33without a heart there is no way of
- 00:15:35spreading around the food and oxygen the
- 00:15:37embryo needs to flourish
- 00:15:40until now
- 00:15:41the heart has been a dormant clump of
- 00:15:43muscle cells
- 00:15:45but after 22 days
- 00:15:47it bursts suddenly into life
- 00:15:50when still just the size of a poppy seed
- 00:15:54one cell spontaneously contracts
- 00:15:57triggering its neighbors and setting off
- 00:15:59a chain reaction until all the heart
- 00:16:01cells are beating
- 00:16:15[Music]
- 00:16:30someone tick-tock has put tick-tock a
- 00:16:47[Music]
- 00:16:48will this tick tock go on tick tock
- 00:16:58until
- 00:17:10later on when the nervous system is more
- 00:17:12developed
- 00:17:14the brain will carefully control the
- 00:17:16rate of contraction
- 00:17:17keeping it steadily beating and pumping
- 00:17:19for the rest of the child's life
- 00:17:23if he lives to 75
- 00:17:25that will be two and three-quarter
- 00:17:27billion heartbeats
- 00:17:35[Music]
- 00:18:01[Music]
- 00:18:06some women will already be aware of the
- 00:18:08hormonal changes inside them and may
- 00:18:10realize they are pregnant without the
- 00:18:12aid of a test
- 00:18:16[Music]
- 00:18:23for others
- 00:18:25this thin blue line may be the first
- 00:18:27clue to the dramatic changes that are
- 00:18:30about to take place during the next
- 00:18:32eight months
- 00:18:37[Music]
- 00:18:46after four weeks
- 00:18:48the embryo is as big as a kidney bean
- 00:18:50and is growing by about one millimeter
- 00:18:53every day
- 00:18:54[Music]
- 00:18:56the heart now pumping nutrients around
- 00:18:58the body
- 00:18:59other organs begin to grow
- 00:19:02black dots on the head are the
- 00:19:03beginnings of eyes
- 00:19:05and buds are forming along the body that
- 00:19:08will become arms and legs
- 00:19:10[Music]
- 00:19:13at this stage the fetus still bears
- 00:19:15signs of our evolutionary past
- 00:19:18the spinal column extends beyond the leg
- 00:19:21buds to form a tail
- 00:19:23there are rudimentary gills behind the
- 00:19:25ears
- 00:19:27[Music]
- 00:19:29these relics will disappear as the fetus
- 00:19:31grows
- 00:19:32but at day 30
- 00:19:34even an expert would find it difficult
- 00:19:36to tell just from looking at it if this
- 00:19:38embryo is going to become a human
- 00:19:41a pig
- 00:19:42or an ape
- 00:19:45just one and a half percent of our genes
- 00:19:48make us human
- 00:19:50we share 98.5
- 00:19:52of our dna with chimpanzees
- 00:19:55three quarters with dogs
- 00:19:57half with fruit flies
- 00:19:59and a third
- 00:20:01with daffodils
- 00:20:05[Music]
- 00:20:13come closer
- 00:20:15look at me
- 00:20:16do you recognize yourself
- 00:20:19for what you see
- 00:20:20is what you were
- 00:20:21[Music]
- 00:20:23to a summer rose
- 00:20:25do i compare
- 00:20:29[Music]
- 00:21:03[Music]
- 00:21:11after growing for eight weeks
- 00:21:13the embryo looks more like a tiny human
- 00:21:16and becomes known as a fetus which in
- 00:21:19latin means offspring
- 00:21:22he has reached an important milestone
- 00:21:24his placenta is now mature
- 00:21:31[Music]
- 00:21:43time to welcome my other half
- 00:21:46all giving all knowing whose sole
- 00:21:49purpose is to keep me alive
- 00:21:52inseparable
- 00:21:53the two of us until birth
- 00:21:56when the one without the soul will not
- 00:21:58survive
- 00:22:05[Music]
- 00:22:17until now
- 00:22:18the embryo has been dependent on the
- 00:22:20nutrients he could extract via his yolk
- 00:22:22sac
- 00:22:23a floating balloon connected to the base
- 00:22:25of the umbilical cord
- 00:22:28a human yolk sac is not like a chickens
- 00:22:31it contains no yolk to store food
- 00:22:34but for the first few weeks it generates
- 00:22:37nutrients and blood cells for the tiny
- 00:22:39embryo
- 00:22:41by two months the yolk sac has become
- 00:22:43redundant and shrivels away
- 00:22:46the crucial job of feeding and nurturing
- 00:22:48the fetus has been completely taken over
- 00:22:50by the placenta
- 00:22:56the mother and fetus have totally
- 00:22:58separate blood supplies
- 00:23:01but inside the placenta
- 00:23:03the fetus's network of very fine blood
- 00:23:05vessels reaches deep into the mother's
- 00:23:08blood supply
- 00:23:10like the roots of a tree sucking
- 00:23:12nutrients from the soil
- 00:23:14the placenta extracts everything the
- 00:23:16fetus needs from the mother's blood
- 00:23:19food oxygen water and passes it into his
- 00:23:23bloodstream
- 00:23:30the placenta also filters out many
- 00:23:32harmful substances
- 00:23:34like the hepatitis herpes or
- 00:23:36polioviruses that may be in the mother's
- 00:23:38blood
- 00:23:40but it can't stop everything
- 00:23:42alcohol and nicotine for example can
- 00:23:45pass directly through to the fetus
- 00:23:51everything the fetus doesn't need all
- 00:23:53the waste products are siphoned out by
- 00:23:56the placenta and passed back to the
- 00:23:58mother's bloodstream
- 00:23:59[Music]
- 00:24:07fitness coach dietitian
- 00:24:10always close at hand
- 00:24:12health advisor organizer each day
- 00:24:15carefully planned
- 00:24:16[Music]
- 00:24:17bodyguard
- 00:24:18comfort blanket
- 00:24:20angel is what you are
- 00:24:22self-sacrificing
- 00:24:24self-effacing
- 00:24:25placenta
- 00:24:27guiding star
- 00:24:43many women experience morning sickness
- 00:24:45during the early months of pregnancy
- 00:24:47as the placenta releases a host of
- 00:24:49hormones
- 00:24:51one of these progesterone is secreted
- 00:24:54throughout the term
- 00:24:55and prevents the mother releasing any
- 00:24:57more eggs
- 00:24:59others stop the mother's immune system
- 00:25:01rejecting the unfamiliar growth inside
- 00:25:04her
- 00:25:05nurturing protecting and controlling
- 00:25:08the placenta is the nerve center of
- 00:25:11pregnancy
- 00:25:12[Music]
- 00:25:21[Music]
- 00:25:37[Music]
- 00:25:44internally the mother will have been
- 00:25:46feeling the effects of pregnancy
- 00:25:48changes in taste mood swings anxiety and
- 00:25:52nausea
- 00:25:54but now she will start to notice the
- 00:25:56first changes on the outside
- 00:25:58she will begin to gain weight
- 00:26:01she will be thirstier than normal
- 00:26:03and her heart will beat faster as her
- 00:26:05body begins to work harder
- 00:26:19in his first 10 weeks
- 00:26:21the fetus has been hidden from the world
- 00:26:24but the mother is about to get her first
- 00:26:27glimpse of the secret events unfolding
- 00:26:30inside her womb
- 00:26:35[Music]
- 00:26:42[Music]
- 00:26:45so
- 00:26:51[Music]
- 00:26:56between 10 and 14 weeks a pregnant woman
- 00:26:59will usually go for her first scan
- 00:27:01[Music]
- 00:27:03ultrasound scans have revolutionized our
- 00:27:06understanding of fetal development
- 00:27:08as well as our provision of care for
- 00:27:10pregnant women
- 00:27:13so here we have your little baby here
- 00:27:16oops now there's a bit of activity
- 00:27:21stuart campbell of the create health
- 00:27:24clinic in london
- 00:27:25is one of the world's leading experts in
- 00:27:27obstetrics
- 00:27:29babies looking to the side
- 00:27:31it all
- 00:27:32makes sense to you when the boost starts
- 00:27:35to move
- 00:27:37this first scan is also a chance to
- 00:27:39establish a more accurate due date based
- 00:27:42on the baby's size rather than guessing
- 00:27:44from the date of the last menstrual
- 00:27:46period there's an arm going up here
- 00:27:48right the scan can also show early but
- 00:27:50not conclusive diagnostic features
- 00:27:53pointing towards genetic abnormalities
- 00:27:55just do the nuclear translucency in the
- 00:27:58spine
- 00:27:59no that's a test for down syndrome now
- 00:28:01it doesn't definitely say that baby's
- 00:28:03got down syndrome or not
- 00:28:05but
- 00:28:06it tells you if you're at risk
- 00:28:10until recently
- 00:28:11non-invasive research into the
- 00:28:13development of the human fetus
- 00:28:15has been restricted to analysis of
- 00:28:17stillborn specimens
- 00:28:19or what can be gleaned from grainy
- 00:28:21two-dimensional ultrasound scans
- 00:28:27but now this area of exploration has
- 00:28:29been revolutionized with the development
- 00:28:32of three-dimensional scans and even more
- 00:28:34remarkably
- 00:28:363d scans which move in real time
- 00:28:39known as 4d scans
- 00:28:42[Music]
- 00:28:52for obstetricians
- 00:28:54this tool has been the equivalent of the
- 00:28:57hubble space telescope and for the first
- 00:28:59time it has been possible to open up a
- 00:29:02window on the womb and to see babies
- 00:29:04growing before our eyes
- 00:29:08[Music]
- 00:29:15these images show the incredible range
- 00:29:18of behavior that even a very young fetus
- 00:29:21is capable of
- 00:29:24these 4d scans are some of the earliest
- 00:29:27ever taken inside the womb
- 00:29:30this scan shows an embryo of just six
- 00:29:33weeks old
- 00:29:40here is an embryo of just eight weeks
- 00:29:42less than three centimeters long
- 00:29:45making its first movements
- 00:29:51[Music]
- 00:29:56obstetricians can directly observe how
- 00:29:59the fetus grows how it behaves how it
- 00:30:02reacts to stimulation
- 00:30:04how its reflexes help it prepare for
- 00:30:07birth and for survival outside the womb
- 00:30:10[Music]
- 00:30:14professor campbell a world-renowned
- 00:30:16pioneer of these new scans is
- 00:30:19responsible for taking these incredible
- 00:30:21images
- 00:30:23this scan shows a 30-week fetus yawning
- 00:30:26and this one a 32-week fetus exploring
- 00:30:30the feel of its nose
- 00:30:34[Music]
- 00:30:48is
- 00:30:52lights
- 00:30:53action here we go
- 00:30:55the magic of ultrasound and it's on with
- 00:30:58the show
- 00:31:00i don't like the title although it's
- 00:31:02obviously true i play the leading role
- 00:31:05in
- 00:31:06a womb with a view
- 00:31:09but seriously i'm nervous
- 00:31:12will they like what they see
- 00:31:14if i'm not the perfect baby
- 00:31:17will it be curtains for me
- 00:31:32ultrasound scans provide a crucial
- 00:31:34service in predicting any possible
- 00:31:36complications in pregnancy
- 00:31:39but they also offer a beneficial role in
- 00:31:41developing a bond between the baby and
- 00:31:44his parents the baby's kneeling you see
- 00:31:46that yeah
- 00:31:47hopefully
- 00:31:49get a lovely picture now the baby's
- 00:31:51looking down
- 00:31:53seeing your baby's face and expression
- 00:31:55while it's still inside the womb can be
- 00:31:58an intense experience and such early
- 00:32:01bonding can provide an important boost
- 00:32:03to the baby's development once it's born
- 00:32:06and to the long-term relationship
- 00:32:08between the child and his parents and
- 00:32:10that's the arms there
- 00:32:13there we are
- 00:32:14see the arm going up to the face
- 00:32:22as well as checking the health of the
- 00:32:24baby
- 00:32:25this scan will be the first opportunity
- 00:32:27to tell if you're pregnant with one baby
- 00:32:30or two
- 00:32:31or more
- 00:32:53twins twins alike as new pins
- 00:32:56triplets quadruplets even quinns
- 00:32:59sounds cozy but overcrowded i'd say
- 00:33:03i'm pleased to be single
- 00:33:05so far anyway
- 00:33:20multiple births run in families
- 00:33:22if your mother's family has a history of
- 00:33:24non-identical twins
- 00:33:26then you are far more likely to have
- 00:33:28twins yourself
- 00:33:30if two eggs are released and fertilized
- 00:33:32at the same time
- 00:33:34then the twins will be non-identical or
- 00:33:36fraternal
- 00:33:38in this case the twins will be separated
- 00:33:41in the womb
- 00:33:42they will also have separate placentas
- 00:33:45and the blood flow to each twin is
- 00:33:47carefully monitored throughout pregnancy
- 00:33:52[Music]
- 00:33:59twins twins alike as new pins
- 00:34:03like friendly neighbors living back to
- 00:34:05back
- 00:34:06each with their own
- 00:34:08amniotic sac
- 00:34:13[Music]
- 00:34:21when an egg splits in two
- 00:34:23identical twins are formed
- 00:34:25in this case twins will be in the same
- 00:34:27sack in the womb and will share a
- 00:34:30placenta
- 00:34:32identical twins show early contact at 12
- 00:34:35weeks and by 14 weeks attaching arms
- 00:34:38legs bodies and mouths
- 00:34:42this constant contact in the womb is
- 00:34:44mirrored in early life
- 00:34:46and is partly responsible for the
- 00:34:48incredible close bonds that twins feel
- 00:34:51throughout their lives
- 00:35:13even though he won't be able to walk
- 00:35:15until he is around a year old
- 00:35:17the building blocks to his first steps
- 00:35:20are there after just 11 weeks in the
- 00:35:22womb
- 00:35:24[Music]
- 00:35:26these 4d scans show 10 and 11 week old
- 00:35:29fetuses kicking and pushing out their
- 00:35:32legs in what is known as the stepping
- 00:35:34reflex
- 00:35:43[Music]
- 00:35:45a reflex action is a pre-programmed
- 00:35:48biological impulse
- 00:35:50when his feet touch the base of the
- 00:35:52uterus
- 00:35:53the nervous system triggers an automatic
- 00:35:56muscle reaction in the legs
- 00:36:07i skip i hop look i'm jumping
- 00:36:11i tire
- 00:36:12i stop
- 00:36:14listen
- 00:36:15i'm thumping
- 00:36:18[Music]
- 00:36:24at this age there is so much space in
- 00:36:27the uterus the fetus bounces and leaps
- 00:36:29around using the walls of the womb as a
- 00:36:32trampoline
- 00:36:34[Music]
- 00:36:41the ability to walk is an important
- 00:36:44survival skill
- 00:36:45and the more the fetus moves the
- 00:36:47stronger the reflex will grow
- 00:36:52[Music]
- 00:37:07i'm humpty dumpty without the wall
- 00:37:10rock-a-bye baby without the form
- 00:37:13i'm a rubber duck bouncing
- 00:37:15inside a rubber ball
- 00:37:23[Music]
- 00:37:34[Music]
- 00:37:41the period from 6 to 11 weeks has seen
- 00:37:44the most dramatic transformation of the
- 00:37:46entire pregnancy
- 00:37:48with the fetus undergoing a
- 00:37:49metamorphosis from being to human being
- 00:37:54[Music]
- 00:37:59he has grown nearly five times bigger in
- 00:38:02a frantic five-week burst
- 00:38:05over 200 different types of cell have
- 00:38:07been made and put in the right place
- 00:38:11muscles and nerves are twitching
- 00:38:13there is a liver two kidneys
- 00:38:15and a stomach the size of a grain of
- 00:38:18rice
- 00:38:26as they develop initially male and
- 00:38:28female fetuses have identical genitals
- 00:38:32both sexes have a protrudence which for
- 00:38:34boys will become a penis and for girls a
- 00:38:37clitoris
- 00:38:39at 12 weeks the only difference is that
- 00:38:42they stick out at different angles
- 00:38:45looking at an ultrasound an expert might
- 00:38:48guess the sex of the baby based on this
- 00:38:50angle
- 00:38:51but it will be a few more weeks before
- 00:38:53there's a clear difference between male
- 00:38:55and female genitals
- 00:38:58but in each case
- 00:38:59the sex organs will already be hard at
- 00:39:01work
- 00:39:03a boy's testicles will be busy producing
- 00:39:05testosterone
- 00:39:07and by the time a baby girl is born
- 00:39:09her ovaries will have made her own
- 00:39:12lifetime supply of eggs
- 00:39:15[Music]
- 00:39:26at this point after 12 weeks the fetus
- 00:39:30enters the second trimester
- 00:39:32the middle three months of pregnancy
- 00:39:35he is still less than 10 centimeters
- 00:39:37long
- 00:39:38but having achieved his basic shape and
- 00:39:40with the placenta mature
- 00:39:42he is now less at risk of a miscarriage
- 00:39:46only 50 percent of fertilized eggs
- 00:39:48survive all the way through pregnancy
- 00:39:53an imbalance in the immune system stress
- 00:39:57even the mother having previously given
- 00:39:59birth to a boy
- 00:40:01all are factors that increase the risk
- 00:40:07[Music]
- 00:40:20my chances are 50 50. not great odds and
- 00:40:25that's only to get to the starting line
- 00:40:28the human race is not for the
- 00:40:30faint-hearted
- 00:40:31when half the runners are doomed to die
- 00:40:34before the race gets started
- 00:40:54[Music]
- 00:41:06from 16 weeks
- 00:41:08as the brain extends its reach
- 00:41:10the fetus begins to practice a wide
- 00:41:12range of intricate movement
- 00:41:17[Music]
- 00:41:22he is much more mobile now
- 00:41:25muscles are flexing
- 00:41:27fingers and toes are separate and
- 00:41:28defined
- 00:41:29and bones are hardening
- 00:41:33[Music]
- 00:41:36a hand
- 00:41:37i think i've grown a hand on what
- 00:41:40appeared to be a tentacle
- 00:41:42and look
- 00:41:43there's another
- 00:41:44that's good
- 00:41:46it means the first has a brother
- 00:41:48that's identical
- 00:41:57[Music]
- 00:42:03[Music]
- 00:42:12touches and feelers
- 00:42:14holders and hitters
- 00:42:16grippers graspers
- 00:42:18growers
- 00:42:19and kills
- 00:42:21open and greeting
- 00:42:23rung in despair
- 00:42:25clenched in fueling
- 00:42:28steepled
- 00:42:32[Music]
- 00:42:43this could be because hands are going to
- 00:42:45be used first once the baby is born
- 00:42:55what's this
- 00:42:56another pair of hands
- 00:42:58over-egging the pudding if you ask me
- 00:43:01[Music]
- 00:43:05feet therefore
- 00:43:09i know
- 00:43:10this
- 00:43:14[Music]
- 00:43:22this little piggy
- 00:43:27[Music]
- 00:43:29the fetus is beginning to develop an
- 00:43:31awareness of the space around him
- 00:43:33it's called proprioception
- 00:43:37this unconscious sense of body in space
- 00:43:41helps us to interact with our
- 00:43:42environment
- 00:43:45we take in information from a variety of
- 00:43:48sensory organs
- 00:43:49eyes ears nose and limbs
- 00:43:52and we build up a mental understanding
- 00:43:54of the outside world
- 00:43:57as we grow
- 00:43:58we take for granted the ability to
- 00:44:00coordinate our movements
- 00:44:02to stand without falling over
- 00:44:04to run and jump and roll down a hill
- 00:44:09we have an understanding of where our
- 00:44:11body is and what it's doing that's been
- 00:44:14developed and refined over the course of
- 00:44:16our early lives from a constant system
- 00:44:18of feedback
- 00:44:22this awareness and control
- 00:44:24is something we've been developing since
- 00:44:26we were in the room
- 00:44:30sensors give constant feedback to the
- 00:44:32brain
- 00:44:33and the movement can then be refined and
- 00:44:36gradually perfected
- 00:44:40[Music]
- 00:44:44getting to know me
- 00:44:46getting to know all about
- 00:44:48me the excitement is the discovery that
- 00:44:52i am not infinite
- 00:44:54that i exist only as far as my
- 00:44:56extremities
- 00:44:58reassured by boundaries and edges i
- 00:45:01welcome my
- 00:45:02limitations celebrate
- 00:45:05my concernity
- 00:45:06[Music]
- 00:45:15after just over four months of pregnancy
- 00:45:18the mother may become aware of her
- 00:45:20growing babies movements for the first
- 00:45:22time
- 00:45:31[Music]
- 00:45:47although the fetus has been active for
- 00:45:49quite some time
- 00:45:50it's only now that the movements are
- 00:45:52strong enough for her to feel
- 00:45:56women who have previously been pregnant
- 00:45:58will be more alert to this slight
- 00:46:00fluttering sensation
- 00:46:02and may pick it up when the baby is just
- 00:46:0415 weeks old
- 00:46:11[Music]
- 00:46:36the eyes now in their correct position
- 00:46:39are generally thought to remain fused
- 00:46:41shut until 24 weeks
- 00:46:44but 4d ultrasound has revealed some
- 00:46:47babies opening their eyes as early as 18
- 00:46:50weeks
- 00:46:51[Music]
- 00:46:54it's dark of course so there's nothing
- 00:46:56to see
- 00:46:57but even if there were light the eyes
- 00:46:59don't work this early
- 00:47:02it's just the first sign of the blinking
- 00:47:04reflex
- 00:47:06[Music]
- 00:47:23memo to myself
- 00:47:25practice seeing in the dark
- 00:47:28why
- 00:47:30because one day i suspect
- 00:47:32dark will be replaced by something else
- 00:47:37dark is heavy
- 00:47:39will there something else
- 00:47:41be lighter
- 00:47:49after six months of pregnancy at the end
- 00:47:51of the second trimester
- 00:47:53everything has developed and is
- 00:47:55functioning as it will in the fully
- 00:47:57grown baby
- 00:47:58it's all there
- 00:48:00just very small and immature
- 00:48:04in the next phase
- 00:48:05he will embark on one of the most
- 00:48:07dramatic challenges of his time in the
- 00:48:09womb
- 00:48:10the development of the census
- 00:48:15[Music]
- 00:48:26[Music]
- 00:48:47[Music]
- 00:48:54the fetus is six months old now and has
- 00:48:57reached a major landmark
- 00:48:59though barely longer than his father's
- 00:49:01hand
- 00:49:02it is possible that he could survive
- 00:49:05outside the cradle of the womb
- 00:49:11[Music]
- 00:49:26[Music]
- 00:49:27it's good to know
- 00:49:28that if push came to shove i could give
- 00:49:31it a go out there
- 00:49:34but i know i'm not ready
- 00:49:36haven't got what it takes
- 00:49:38i'll hang a while on the bow
- 00:49:41wait till it breaks
- 00:50:02any baby that is born prematurely
- 00:50:04faces an increased risk of brain damage
- 00:50:08the big problem is the lungs which are
- 00:50:10barely capable of this tender age of
- 00:50:12taking enough oxygen into the
- 00:50:14bloodstream to keep the baby alive
- 00:50:17in britain
- 00:50:19the ability to survive outside the womb
- 00:50:21also informs the age limit on abortions
- 00:50:26can currently be carried out until the
- 00:50:28fetus reaches 24 weeks
- 00:50:48what is
- 00:50:50the egg
- 00:50:52fertilized what is the point
- 00:50:56the cell divided
- 00:51:00what is the point at which
- 00:51:03the brain sparked
- 00:51:07what is the point to which life
- 00:51:11the heart pumped
- 00:51:15what is the point at which life begins
- 00:51:20the lungs inflated
- 00:51:25what is the point
- 00:51:27what is the point
- 00:51:33[Music]
- 00:51:43for most babies as they enter the third
- 00:51:46trimester
- 00:51:47it's time to put on some fat and learn
- 00:51:50how to work their bodies
- 00:52:03[Music]
- 00:52:09the mother is becoming increasingly
- 00:52:11aware of movements made by the fetus
- 00:52:14her abdomen will be growing
- 00:52:16and she is likely to be feeling better
- 00:52:18now than at any time throughout her
- 00:52:20pregnancy
- 00:52:21and at her most energetic and active
- 00:52:26[Music]
- 00:52:40[Music]
- 00:52:46from 24 weeks
- 00:52:48the fetus enters one of the most
- 00:52:50exciting and dramatic periods of
- 00:52:52development
- 00:52:53as his senses flicker into life
- 00:52:57[Music]
- 00:53:02eyes ears nose taste buds and the nerves
- 00:53:07that respond to touch are now maturing
- 00:53:11throughout his life
- 00:53:12they will be his key to the world beyond
- 00:53:16they will allow him to develop a sense
- 00:53:18of self
- 00:53:19to interact with others
- 00:53:21to explore
- 00:53:23and to learn
- 00:53:29[Music]
- 00:53:49[Music]
- 00:53:58during his time in the womb
- 00:54:00the fetus's mouth and nasal passages
- 00:54:03are filled with amniotic fluid
- 00:54:06[Music]
- 00:54:17strong flavors from the mother's food
- 00:54:19will easily pass through the placenta
- 00:54:21into the baby's bloodstream
- 00:54:23and will then be passed out into the
- 00:54:25amniotic fluid
- 00:54:26and the baby can get an early taste and
- 00:54:29smell of his mother's cooking
- 00:54:44hmm
- 00:54:46is this what taste is
- 00:54:48a sparkle on the tongue
- 00:54:51a caress sometimes
- 00:54:53a sensation so sweet i want to become it
- 00:54:58sometimes a surprise
- 00:55:01and a nasty one at that
- 00:55:04tongue stop it tongue you're hurting me
- 00:55:10that's better
- 00:55:12sweetness
- 00:55:14highest
- 00:55:15i could acquire a taste
- 00:55:18for taste
- 00:55:24one reason for having such an advanced
- 00:55:26sense of taste and smell while still in
- 00:55:28the womb
- 00:55:30is to help establish breastfeeding when
- 00:55:32the baby is born
- 00:55:35just like the amniotic fluid
- 00:55:37breast milk will contain a selection of
- 00:55:40tastes and smells from the mother's food
- 00:55:43so if the baby is already familiar with
- 00:55:45these flavors and likes the taste this
- 00:55:48will encourage him to latch onto his
- 00:55:50mother's nipple and begin feeding
- 00:56:09[Music]
- 00:56:12this 4d scan shows a 24 week old fetus
- 00:56:15opening and closing his eyes
- 00:56:19although the eyes are fully formed by
- 00:56:21halfway through the pregnancy
- 00:56:23seeing is the one sense a fetus can't
- 00:56:26experience until he's born
- 00:56:29it's too dark
- 00:56:30[Music]
- 00:56:33it's possible that some very bright
- 00:56:35light could penetrate into the uterus
- 00:56:37direct sunlight for instance
- 00:56:39and the fetus may be able to detect a
- 00:56:42faint glow
- 00:56:44but the uterus wall is so thick
- 00:56:47buried under a layer of skin and fat
- 00:56:50that most of the time the fetus evolves
- 00:56:52in total darkness
- 00:56:56[Music]
- 00:57:11i think that i can see
- 00:57:14although all that i can see
- 00:57:17is nothingness
- 00:57:19i will outstare it
- 00:57:22i will make the darkness blink
- 00:57:24look for shapes and movement in this
- 00:57:27endless night
- 00:57:29light
- 00:57:30what is light i wonder
- 00:57:33without it
- 00:57:34sight will be a gift i cannot use
- 00:57:47at 25 weeks the eyes are so intricate
- 00:57:50that even the eyelashes have
- 00:57:52grown but there is one detail that may
- 00:57:55not fully develop however much time the
- 00:57:57fetus spends inside the womb
- 00:58:00the color of the eyes
- 00:58:03some pigments need light to form
- 00:58:05properly
- 00:58:06and the baby's eyes may change color
- 00:58:08during the first months of life
- 00:58:12[Music]
- 00:58:19babies of asian or african descent will
- 00:58:22usually be born with brown or dark gray
- 00:58:24eyes that mature to deep brown or black
- 00:58:29[Music]
- 00:58:33a caucasian baby
- 00:58:35will almost always have blue eyes in the
- 00:58:37womb
- 00:58:38even if they're destined to become green
- 00:58:40or brown
- 00:58:44[Music]
- 00:59:00perhaps the most keenly developed of all
- 00:59:03the fetal senses
- 00:59:04is hearing
- 00:59:15[Music]
- 00:59:18the fetus may be completely surrounded
- 00:59:20by amniotic fluid
- 00:59:22but because sound travels through fluid
- 00:59:24about four times faster than it does in
- 00:59:26air
- 00:59:27he has plenty to hear
- 00:59:38[Music]
- 00:59:40a cacophony of sloshes beats and burps
- 00:59:44mark the passage of food blood and air
- 00:59:48in and out through the maze of passages
- 00:59:50and tubes just inches from the baby's
- 00:59:52ears
- 01:00:08the fetus can also hear noises from the
- 01:00:11world outside
- 01:00:12conversations loud noises and music
- 01:00:16filtered and distorted through the
- 01:00:17mother's abdomen
- 01:00:18[Music]
- 01:00:20higher sounds will be most muffled by
- 01:00:22the layers of skin and fat
- 01:00:25only the lower base notes of a piece of
- 01:00:27music will have much impact
- 01:00:40[Music]
- 01:00:48hmm
- 01:01:00vowels are generally lower in pitch than
- 01:01:03consonants
- 01:01:04so the fetus will just hear the melody
- 01:01:06of speech without the percussion of
- 01:01:09consonants
- 01:01:10[Music]
- 01:01:25um
- 01:01:29[Music]
- 01:02:00in the beginning was the word
- 01:02:02and the word is my beginning
- 01:02:05floating i'm caressed by the lapping of
- 01:02:08sound waves
- 01:02:10rocked by the rhythm of lullabies
- 01:02:13words
- 01:02:16my father and mother are talking me into
- 01:02:19life
- 01:02:20bathed and soothed i become human in a
- 01:02:24sea of language
- 01:02:27[Music]
- 01:02:47is different from any other
- 01:02:49since it travels directly through the
- 01:02:50fluids of the body
- 01:02:53this may help the baby develop the very
- 01:02:55different kind of relationships
- 01:03:01[Music]
- 01:03:07i said you're always in trouble
- 01:03:17for the last couple of months since the
- 01:03:19fetus was about 16 weeks old
- 01:03:22he's been exploring the feel of his
- 01:03:24limited world
- 01:03:28his sense of touch is so advanced now
- 01:03:31that he'll react if prodded through his
- 01:03:33mother's belly
- 01:03:58until now
- 01:04:00i thought i was the universe
- 01:04:02that everything that is was within me
- 01:04:06but now that i can touch these walls
- 01:04:09i realize i must be deep inside a
- 01:04:11greater universe
- 01:04:21[Music]
- 01:04:24there is a world beyond
- 01:04:26and i am in a world within a world
- 01:04:29within
- 01:04:30oh it makes me tired
- 01:04:32thinking
- 01:04:34is this thinking
- 01:04:36it doesn't get me anywhere
- 01:04:42wow
- 01:04:48[Music]
- 01:05:01along with the development of touch
- 01:05:03comes the capacity to feel pain
- 01:05:08during an ultrasound scan
- 01:05:10it's sometimes necessary to maneuver the
- 01:05:12fetus into a better scanning position
- 01:05:16professor campbell has seen fetuses
- 01:05:18grimace and frown as he manipulates them
- 01:05:21through the mother's abdomen
- 01:05:39pain
- 01:05:41this is one sense i could do without
- 01:05:44or could i
- 01:05:50a warning signal
- 01:05:51that something's not right
- 01:05:54that something out there might cause me
- 01:05:56harm
- 01:05:57a built-in uncomfortable safety alarm
- 01:06:03[Music]
- 01:06:12[Music]
- 01:06:20during the final trimester
- 01:06:22the fetus must prepare for life outside
- 01:06:25his comforting cocoon
- 01:06:28apart from being physically robust
- 01:06:31he must also learn how to behave
- 01:06:35many of the tricks and skills he will
- 01:06:36use on the outside are innate reflexes
- 01:06:40that he can perfect in the womb
- 01:06:44some of these like sucking breathing
- 01:06:47swallowing
- 01:06:48he will depend upon for survival
- 01:06:51others are more baffling in their origin
- 01:07:01[Music]
- 01:07:08[Music]
- 01:07:16he may react to sudden sounds with the
- 01:07:18startle reflex
- 01:07:25the starting reflex
- 01:07:27is thought to have originated at a time
- 01:07:29when we were more at risk of being eaten
- 01:07:32a sudden noise or touch from a predator
- 01:07:35will trigger the reflex and cause the
- 01:07:37arms to fling out to the side in what
- 01:07:40may be an attempt at self-preservation
- 01:07:52[Music]
- 01:08:00[Music]
- 01:08:17during this trimester the fetus will
- 01:08:19swallow up to half a liter of amniotic
- 01:08:22fluid every day
- 01:08:30[Music]
- 01:08:35this will help his suggestive system
- 01:08:36develop but its main purpose is to
- 01:08:39practice swallowing ready for birth
- 01:08:43from the moment the cord is cut
- 01:08:45he will need to have perfected the art
- 01:08:47of taking food from his mouth to his
- 01:08:49stomach
- 01:08:54[Music]
- 01:09:00alongside swallowing one of the most
- 01:09:02important reflexes to have perfected
- 01:09:05before birth is sucking
- 01:09:08anything vaguely nipple-sized that comes
- 01:09:11close to his mouth
- 01:09:12will trigger his attempts at the sucking
- 01:09:14reflex
- 01:09:36[Music]
- 01:09:38why do i breathe when there's no air
- 01:09:42why swallow when there's no food
- 01:09:45why yawn when i'm not tired
- 01:09:48practice
- 01:09:50practice
- 01:09:52what for
- 01:09:53i am the faintest
- 01:09:56i'm putting my body through its paces
- 01:09:58the race is on
- 01:10:00rehearsing rehearsing for the big one
- 01:10:03[Music]
- 01:10:04which big one
- 01:10:07i haven't the faintest
- 01:10:09[Music]
- 01:10:19at 26 weeks
- 01:10:20the fetus measures 25 centimeters from
- 01:10:23head to bottom
- 01:10:27as he moves through the third trimester
- 01:10:29towards birth
- 01:10:30the fetus will triple his weight and
- 01:10:33double his length
- 01:10:36there will continue to be dramatic
- 01:10:37growth in the brain and nervous system
- 01:10:40and the fetus will create his first
- 01:10:43memory
- 01:10:46[Music]
- 01:11:01by week 26 it may just be possible to
- 01:11:05hear the fetal heartbeat by putting your
- 01:11:07ear against the mother's abdomen
- 01:11:23the fetus's heart beats about twice as
- 01:11:25fast as the mother's
- 01:11:28monitoring the baby's heartbeat gives a
- 01:11:30good indication of his general condition
- 01:11:36it's more of a vibration
- 01:11:39[Music]
- 01:11:47let's see
- 01:11:59the mother's heart rate and blood
- 01:12:00pressure are directly affected by her
- 01:12:03emotional state
- 01:12:04and her moods can be passed on to her
- 01:12:07baby
- 01:12:14[Music]
- 01:12:20i can hear my mother thinking
- 01:12:23i eavesdrop
- 01:12:25not on words but on what she is feeling
- 01:12:32i can hear my mother thinking
- 01:12:35i am imbued with her nostalgia
- 01:12:38brainwashed by her longings
- 01:12:48if she's calm the mother's heart will
- 01:12:50slow down and her blood pressure will
- 01:12:52drop
- 01:12:53if she's tense and stressed her heart
- 01:12:55will beat faster but her blood pressure
- 01:12:57will rise
- 01:13:13although the fetus has his own separate
- 01:13:15blood supply
- 01:13:16these increases in heart rate and blood
- 01:13:18pressure are easily passed through the
- 01:13:20placenta and have a direct impact on the
- 01:13:23baby
- 01:13:31it takes a while for the effects to
- 01:13:32filter through
- 01:13:34but when the mother is recovering from
- 01:13:35the impact of stress that her heart rate
- 01:13:38is returning to normal
- 01:13:39her baby's heart begins to race as the
- 01:13:42physiological effects of stress creep
- 01:13:44through the placenta
- 01:13:52[Music]
- 01:14:02in the short term
- 01:14:04stress in the mother can lead to low
- 01:14:06birth weight or premature birth
- 01:14:10but it's also possible that a mother's
- 01:14:12prolonged anxiety and stress can be
- 01:14:14passed on
- 01:14:15establishing a tendency for stress in
- 01:14:17the child
- 01:14:19and making him more likely to develop
- 01:14:20chronic health problems heart disease
- 01:14:23diabetes as an adult
- 01:14:27it can even have a harmful effect on the
- 01:14:29child's mental development in the early
- 01:14:31years of his life
- 01:14:33[Music]
- 01:14:50mother when you're stressed then i am
- 01:14:52too
- 01:14:54you may not mean to but you do
- 01:14:57can't you keep anxiety to yourself
- 01:15:00passed on it deepens
- 01:15:03like a coastal shelf
- 01:15:10[Music]
- 01:15:22by now the mother will be feeling her
- 01:15:24baby move every day
- 01:15:27usually this will be the fetus kicking
- 01:15:29or pushing
- 01:15:30but sometimes she may feel the regular
- 01:15:33twitch of her baby's hiccups
- 01:15:38why we hiccup is a bit of a mystery
- 01:15:41there is a theory that it's a reflex to
- 01:15:44help a newborn baby latch onto its
- 01:15:46mother's nipple
- 01:15:53hiccups are an involuntary sudden
- 01:15:56contraction of the diaphragm
- 01:15:58the spasm of a fetuses hiccup is strong
- 01:16:01enough to feel but because the fetus
- 01:16:03lives in fluid
- 01:16:04there is no hiccup sound
- 01:16:17[Music]
- 01:16:29the last of the major organs to form are
- 01:16:32the lungs
- 01:16:34they serve no purpose before birth
- 01:16:37the fetus gets all the oxygen he needs
- 01:16:39from his mother's blood via the placenta
- 01:16:42[Music]
- 01:16:44inside his lungs the branching network
- 01:16:47of tubes are filled with amniotic fluid
- 01:16:50and the tiny air sacs that extract
- 01:16:52oxygen remain closed for the entire time
- 01:16:56in the womb
- 01:16:59[Music]
- 01:17:02the fetus still makes breathing
- 01:17:04movements with his fluid-filled lungs
- 01:17:07this helps the diaphragm and chest
- 01:17:09muscles practice
- 01:17:11ready to expand and fill the lungs with
- 01:17:13air the moment the baby is born
- 01:17:16[Music]
- 01:17:39breathe in
- 01:17:41out
- 01:17:53[Music]
- 01:18:11but if breath becomes a habit
- 01:18:15will it be difficult to break
- 01:18:20[Music]
- 01:18:51at 28 weeks
- 01:18:52the baby is more than two-thirds of the
- 01:18:54way through his time in the womb
- 01:18:56and is gaining weight fast
- 01:18:58as he lays down a layer of fat under his
- 01:19:01skin
- 01:19:03his senses are buzzing
- 01:19:05and over the next four weeks his nervous
- 01:19:08system will become as advanced as a
- 01:19:10newborn babies
- 01:19:13he is becoming increasingly aware of the
- 01:19:15world around him
- 01:19:16his brain has matured enough to support
- 01:19:19consciousness
- 01:19:20and for the first time he is beginning
- 01:19:22to create memory
- 01:19:26[Music]
- 01:19:47mothers were asked to repeat a nursery
- 01:19:49rhyme each day during the final month of
- 01:19:51pregnancy
- 01:19:53the little dog laughed to see such fun
- 01:19:56the cow jumped over the moon
- 01:19:59at the end of the experiment
- 01:20:01the fetus's heart rate would slow down
- 01:20:03when it heard the same rhyme
- 01:20:05[Music]
- 01:20:07a new unfamiliar rhyme on the other hand
- 01:20:09would produce no response
- 01:20:13this was evidence of long-term memory at
- 01:20:16work before a baby is born the cow
- 01:20:18jumped over the moon
- 01:20:22[Music]
- 01:20:32[Music]
- 01:20:38the type of music his parents listen to
- 01:20:40can alter the baby's mood
- 01:20:41[Music]
- 01:20:43fast music will stimulate and excite him
- 01:20:57[Music]
- 01:21:04music that is closest to the natural
- 01:21:06sounds and rhythms of the human voice
- 01:21:09such as classical or choral music
- 01:21:11will have a sedative calming effect
- 01:21:18[Music]
- 01:21:28[Music]
- 01:21:56shall i tell you what i like
- 01:21:58choral music sung with feeling
- 01:22:02rock and roll play too loud will have me
- 01:22:05banging on the ceiling
- 01:22:07give me a steady beat and i'll dance
- 01:22:11but what i prefer is a slow pulse
- 01:22:16music that comes that almost hypnotizes
- 01:22:21shall i tell you what i don't like
- 01:22:24surprises
- 01:22:26[Music]
- 01:22:33at 33 weeks the fetus may recognize a
- 01:22:36particular piece of music and can even
- 01:22:39jump in time
- 01:22:43[Music]
- 01:23:04i can heartless
- 01:23:09[Music]
- 01:23:20once it seemed that the mental
- 01:23:21development of a baby began at birth
- 01:23:24now it appears birth could be a
- 01:23:26relatively insignificant event in
- 01:23:28developmental terms
- 01:23:31there is very little difference between
- 01:23:32the brain of a newborn baby
- 01:23:35and that of a 32 week old fetus
- 01:23:39he may have to support himself after
- 01:23:41birth
- 01:23:42but as for the process of thinking
- 01:23:44learning and remembering
- 01:23:46he will already have been hard at work
- 01:23:48for three months
- 01:24:03it's like there are two of us
- 01:24:05the real me
- 01:24:07the one you can't see
- 01:24:08who thinks and feels and loves and looks
- 01:24:11ahead
- 01:24:13and the one you see
- 01:24:15who lags behind
- 01:24:17a victim of appetites strange desires
- 01:24:20bodily needs i can only guess at
- 01:24:24looking ahead
- 01:24:26i see it now
- 01:24:28a lifetime of being held back and
- 01:24:30weighed down
- 01:24:32will i ever be free
- 01:24:34of that me
- 01:24:41[Music]
- 01:24:53the final phase of pregnancy is a
- 01:24:55demanding one for the mother
- 01:24:58many women feel uncomfortable during the
- 01:25:00last couple of months
- 01:25:03the weight of the baby
- 01:25:04together with pressure on the spine and
- 01:25:07a battle for space
- 01:25:08can all cause back and legs to ache
- 01:25:12she may be feeling anxious about the
- 01:25:14birth
- 01:25:15and is likely to feel breathless as her
- 01:25:17lungs struggle to absorb 20 percent more
- 01:25:20oxygen than normal
- 01:25:24[Music]
- 01:25:29during this stage
- 01:25:30babies spend about 90 of their time
- 01:25:33asleep
- 01:25:34and when they sleep
- 01:25:36nothing will wake them
- 01:25:44[Music]
- 01:25:55ah look at me
- 01:25:57sleeping like a babe
- 01:26:00i'm practicing
- 01:26:01to be a teenager
- 01:26:09one of the things revealed by the 4d
- 01:26:11scans
- 01:26:12is the fact that babies have rem rapid
- 01:26:15eye movement sleep
- 01:26:17a period of sleep where the eyes flick
- 01:26:19around behind the eyelids
- 01:26:23later in life
- 01:26:24we know this is an indication of
- 01:26:26dreaming
- 01:26:28this gentle flicker of an eye
- 01:26:31could be a sign that the fetus still
- 01:26:33with a month to go before even being
- 01:26:35born
- 01:26:36is already dreaming
- 01:26:39in adulthood
- 01:26:41dreaming plays a vital role in allowing
- 01:26:44us to make sense of events around us
- 01:26:46and to develop strategies to deal with
- 01:26:48the world
- 01:26:50in a fetus
- 01:26:52dreaming however simple the dreams
- 01:26:55may be the crucial process that
- 01:26:57stimulates the brain to grow
- 01:27:03[Music]
- 01:27:13what do i dream of
- 01:27:16i dream my mother's dreams
- 01:27:18i dream my mother
- 01:27:20she dreams me
- 01:27:22i dream about our past
- 01:27:25our future
- 01:27:26what it may bring
- 01:27:28i hear my mother crying
- 01:27:30i
- 01:27:38i dream about our past
- 01:27:40our future
- 01:27:42what it may bring
- 01:27:44i hear my mother crying
- 01:27:46i hear her sing
- 01:27:53[Music]
- 01:27:58i hear my mother crying
- 01:28:01i hear
- 01:28:02her sing
- 01:28:08[Music]
- 01:28:10each minute the fetus makes two and a
- 01:28:13half million nerve cells
- 01:28:15and now after eight months
- 01:28:18his brain is filled with more than a
- 01:28:20hundred billion neurons with a hundred
- 01:28:23trillion connections
- 01:28:25as many as there are stars in our galaxy
- 01:28:29the baby's brain and head have grown as
- 01:28:31big as they can in the womb
- 01:28:33and still be able to squeeze through his
- 01:28:35mother's pelvis
- 01:28:37as he puts on fat
- 01:28:39he is taking more resources than she can
- 01:28:41provide
- 01:28:42it's time to emerge
- 01:29:06the countdown is on
- 01:29:09it's impossible to tell when the baby
- 01:29:11will be born exactly
- 01:29:13only five percent of babies are born on
- 01:29:15their due date
- 01:29:17most will emerge anytime two weeks
- 01:29:19either side of that
- 01:29:21the mother is kept guessing and waiting
- 01:29:24for signs
- 01:29:39[Music]
- 01:29:46the contractions are coming faster now
- 01:29:50every few heartbeats or so a crush of
- 01:29:53pain made bearable only by the certainty
- 01:29:55of its passing
- 01:29:58my mother's leaving me i know
- 01:30:01a journey's end a show
- 01:30:03it must go on
- 01:30:04the floodgates open
- 01:30:06a universe implodes
- 01:30:08[Music]
- 01:30:19nobody knows what exactly initiates
- 01:30:21labor
- 01:30:22but it's the baby's lungs together with
- 01:30:25the placenta that are the key to the
- 01:30:27timing
- 01:30:29when the lungs are mature
- 01:30:31they secrete a protein into the amniotic
- 01:30:33fluid that alters the placenta's
- 01:30:35production of hormones
- 01:30:38it slows the release of progesterone
- 01:30:40and triggers the release of a new
- 01:30:42hormone oxytocin
- 01:30:44which kick-starts the contractions of
- 01:30:46the uterus wall and labor begins
- 01:30:54oxytocin also inhibits memory
- 01:30:57and may have a role in helping women to
- 01:30:59forget the pain of birth and to bond
- 01:31:02with their new babies
- 01:31:07during the first stage of labor the
- 01:31:09baby's head is locked in the bottom of
- 01:31:11the uterus and is bearing down on the
- 01:31:13cervix the barrier between the uterus
- 01:31:16and the vagina
- 01:31:19the last thing to pass through the
- 01:31:21cervix was a tiny sperm 38 weeks ago
- 01:31:26now it must stretch 10 centimeters wide
- 01:31:29to allow the baby's head its largest
- 01:31:31part to pass through
- 01:31:38[Music]
- 01:31:55[Music]
- 01:32:03the pain
- 01:32:04oh the pain
- 01:32:07my time has come the end is near
- 01:32:10i can't complain it comes to us all
- 01:32:13and i've enjoyed the adventure
- 01:32:17is there life after birth i wonder
- 01:32:20a light at the end of the tunnel
- 01:32:23i'll find out soon enough when i pass
- 01:32:26into the hereafter
- 01:32:28and meet
- 01:32:29my maker
- 01:32:31[Music]
- 01:32:33wonderful
- 01:32:35okay
- 01:32:36slow down slowly breathing down the
- 01:32:38pain's gone for the mother either the
- 01:32:40pain of birth can be eased if she gives
- 01:32:42birth standing up sitting or squatting
- 01:32:45rather than lying
- 01:32:48[Music]
- 01:32:50this could also speed up the first date
- 01:33:06labor is also painful and stressful for
- 01:33:09the baby
- 01:33:10the squashing of the umbilical cord can
- 01:33:13easily constrict the supply of oxygen
- 01:33:16to help the baby cope
- 01:33:18his body releases large quantities of
- 01:33:20adrenaline to keep his heart pumping
- 01:33:23fast enough
- 01:33:30adrenaline also helps prepare the lungs
- 01:33:33for the lifetime of work they're about
- 01:33:35to begin
- 01:33:37[Music]
- 01:33:50once the cervix is fully opened the
- 01:33:52second stage of labor the actual
- 01:33:55delivery begins
- 01:33:59with each contraction of the uterus
- 01:34:02the baby is pushed further through the
- 01:34:04cervix in the vagina
- 01:34:05until eventually his head is just
- 01:34:08visible
- 01:34:14the contractions are only minutes apart
- 01:34:15now and after each one the midwife
- 01:34:18encourages the mother to push down hard
- 01:34:21to help squeeze the baby out
- 01:34:27take a push
- 01:34:32a little bit more for me
- 01:34:39keep going bit more
- 01:34:46oh
- 01:34:55[Music]
- 01:35:00now breathe breathe breathe breathe good
- 01:35:01girl
- 01:35:03here's your baby
- 01:35:05your baby's head
- 01:35:09just checking back
- 01:35:11next contraction we'll have this baby
- 01:35:13out okay
- 01:35:25i think he's got a hand here as well
- 01:35:27he's brought a hand out with him
- 01:35:29okay you got a contraction yet darling
- 01:35:38okay give me a big push
- 01:35:41[Music]
- 01:35:54here we go
- 01:36:04hello
- 01:36:07[Music]
- 01:36:11as soon as the baby is delivered
- 01:36:13his lungs drain of fluid
- 01:36:17and air rushes in expanding the air sacs
- 01:36:24and in an instant begin extracting
- 01:36:26oxygen to keep the baby alive
- 01:36:30let's pop them through here
- 01:37:00all his vital life systems are now
- 01:37:02working independently
- 01:37:04and the umbilical cord can be cut
- 01:37:08[Music]
- 01:37:11just in between that dude
- 01:37:13it's a bit chompy so just
- 01:37:15here we go
- 01:37:23[Music]
- 01:37:27the placenta is now redundant
- 01:37:30and in the third stage of labor it
- 01:37:32detaches from the uterus wall and
- 01:37:34follows the baby out through the vagina
- 01:37:43after growing painstakingly inside her
- 01:37:45womb for nine months the baby finally
- 01:37:49comes face to face with his mother
- 01:37:53the smile seen inside the womb has gone
- 01:37:56now as the baby is thrust into a noisy
- 01:37:59bright world
- 01:38:00and starts to feel uncomfortable
- 01:38:02sensations such as cold and hunger for
- 01:38:05the first time
- 01:38:07he won't smile again
- 01:38:09until he's at least four weeks old
- 01:38:15[Music]
- 01:38:18each year across the world
- 01:38:21around 130 million women go through the
- 01:38:24complex cycle of pregnancy and birth
- 01:38:28our increasingly sophisticated
- 01:38:29understanding of the process has
- 01:38:31dramatically reduced the risks
- 01:38:37ironically it is the one thing that
- 01:38:40allows us this understanding our large
- 01:38:42brains that is mainly responsible for
- 01:38:45the difficulties of human childbirth in
- 01:38:47the first place
- 01:38:49most mammals with smaller brains and
- 01:38:51heads have a much easier time delivering
- 01:38:54their offspring
- 01:38:56their infants are also more advanced
- 01:38:58than our helpless babies
- 01:39:00often able to walk feed and escape from
- 01:39:03predators immediately after birth
- 01:39:06for a human baby to be this advanced its
- 01:39:09mother would have to bear a 21-month
- 01:39:12pregnancy
- 01:39:13and then give birth to a toddler
- 01:39:18having been cocooned for nine months
- 01:39:21this little boy is now on his own
- 01:39:25his parents will feed him and keep him
- 01:39:27warm
- 01:39:28but for the first time
- 01:39:29his body must keep itself alive
- 01:39:34[Music]
- 01:39:35his birth marks the beginning of his
- 01:39:37journey in the world
- 01:39:40but he has already travelled an
- 01:39:41incredible path during his nine-month
- 01:39:44odyssey in the womb
- 01:39:48[Music]
- 01:39:58what is
- 01:40:00the egg fertilized
- 01:40:03what is the point
- 01:40:06the cell divided
- 01:40:10what is the point at which
- 01:40:13the brain sparked
- 01:40:17what is the point at which life
- 01:40:21the heart pumped
- 01:40:26what is the point to which life begins
- 01:40:31the lungs inflated
- 01:40:33[Music]
- 01:40:41what is the point
- 01:40:45is this the point
- 01:40:49[Music]
- 01:40:58into the real world at last
- 01:41:01but is it any more real
- 01:41:03than the one he's left he may ask
- 01:41:06but these aren't a baby's thoughts
- 01:41:09this isn't his voice but mine
- 01:41:11he has yet to find his
- 01:41:14he who went from isn't into is
- 01:41:17now prepares for will be
- 01:41:20a mystery
- 01:41:21a miracle
- 01:41:22a spring about to be uncurled
- 01:41:26a newborn baby
- 01:41:28a gift
- 01:41:29from his father and his mother
- 01:41:31to the world
- 01:41:38[Music]
- 01:42:34you
- Conception
- Pregnancy
- Fetal Development
- 4D Ultrasound
- Genetics
- Senses
- Birth
- Fetus
- Maternal Health
- Placenta