Ikatan Kimia Animasi | Ikatan Ion | Pembentukan Natrium Klorida

Chemical bonds are the forces that hold two or more atoms together to form chemical compounds, ensuring stability. These bonds involve the outermost electrons of an atom, known as valence electrons. One type of chemical bond is ionic bonding, which occurs through the transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal atoms due to electrostatic forces. A common example of ionic bonding is sodium chloride (NaCl), known as table salt, which is familiar in our daily cooking. Salt is solid and brittle with a high boiling point, properties influenced by its chemical bonding and molecular structure. In a neutral state, sodium (Na) has 11 protons and electrons, while chlorine (Cl) has 17 protons and electrons. Sodium has an electron configuration of 2, 8, 1, indicating one valence electron, while chlorine has a configuration of 2, 8, 7, indicating seven valence electrons. Both atoms are unstable as their outer shells are not fully occupied. To achieve stability, sodium must lose one electron, while chlorine needs one electron. Sodium donates its electron to chlorine, resulting in sodium becoming positively charged and chlorine negatively charged, thus forming the stable compound NaCl.