Wild Child The Story of Feral Children

00:43:22
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vjZq6TS668

摘要

TLDRThe video examines the lives of feral children, who are often abandoned or raised in isolation, and the profound effects of their upbringing on their development. It highlights notable cases such as Oksana Malaya, who lived with dogs, and Victor, a wild child studied in the 1800s. The narrative explores the nature versus nurture debate, questioning whether genetics or environment shapes humanity. It discusses the challenges these children face in acquiring language and social skills due to neglect, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. The video concludes that while feral children have remarkable survival strategies, they often struggle with reintegration into society, and ongoing research aims to better understand and support their needs.

心得

  • 👶 Children are precious and rely on adults for love and survival.
  • 🌳 Feral children raise questions about humanity and development.
  • 🐶 Oksana Malaya lived with dogs after being abandoned.
  • 📚 Victor was studied for his lack of language and empathy.
  • 🧠 Neglect affects brain development, leading to lasting consequences.
  • ⏳ Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes.
  • 🐾 Animals can provide companionship for neglected children.
  • 🔍 Research on feral children continues to evolve.
  • 💔 Feral children often struggle with reintegration into society.
  • 🌍 The story of feral children is ongoing as neglect persists.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Children are vital to humanity, fulfilling our instinct to nurture and continue our lineage. However, the abandonment of children raises questions about their survival and development, particularly in extreme circumstances. Feral children, those raised without human contact, challenge our understanding of nature versus nurture, prompting inquiries into what it means to be human.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The concept of feral children has historical roots, with myths like Romulus and Remus and Tarzan illustrating the fascination with children raised by animals. These cases serve as natural experiments, highlighting the debate over genetic versus experiential influences on human development.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    One notable case is Oksana Malaya, who, after being abandoned by her alcoholic parents, lived with dogs for five years. This experience led her to adopt canine behaviors, raising questions about the impact of such extreme neglect on her humanity and development.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Historically, the study of feral children began with the case of Victor, a boy found in France in the early 1800s. His capture sparked scientific interest, leading to observations about his lack of language and empathy, which were seen as indicators of his humanity. Despite efforts to socialize him, Victor struggled to learn language, highlighting the challenges faced by feral children.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The fascination with feral children continued with cases like Kaspar Hauser in Germany and documented instances of children living with wolves. These stories, while often dismissed as myths, fueled scientific inquiry into the effects of isolation and neglect on child development.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Harry Harlow's experiments with monkeys demonstrated the importance of maternal care and physical contact in healthy development. His findings raised questions about whether similar effects would be observed in humans, particularly in cases of extreme neglect.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    In the 1970s, the case of Jeannie, a girl raised in isolation, provided a unique opportunity for scientists to study the effects of neglect on language acquisition. Despite initial progress, Jeannie faced significant challenges in developing language skills due to her traumatic upbringing and lack of early stimulation.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:43:22

    Recent cases, such as that of Edik, a boy found living with dogs in Ukraine, illustrate the ongoing issue of neglected children. While Edik has shown improvement in a supportive foster environment, concerns remain about the long-term effects of his early experiences on his social and linguistic development.

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思维导图

视频问答

  • What are feral children?

    Feral children are those who have been abandoned or raised in isolation, often lacking social interaction and language skills.

  • What is the nature versus nurture debate?

    The nature versus nurture debate questions whether human behavior is determined by genetics (nature) or environment and experiences (nurture).

  • Who is Oksana Malaya?

    Oksana Malaya is a Ukrainian girl who lived with dogs for several years after being abandoned by her alcoholic parents.

  • What happened to Victor, the wild child?

    Victor was a boy found in the woods of France in the early 1800s, studied for his lack of language and empathy, and later lived with a caregiver.

  • What challenges do feral children face when reintegrating into society?

    Feral children often struggle with language acquisition, social skills, and emotional connections due to their traumatic pasts.

  • How does neglect affect brain development?

    Neglect can lead to smaller, malformed brains, particularly affecting areas responsible for language and social skills.

  • What is the significance of early intervention for neglected children?

    Early intervention can improve outcomes for neglected children, helping them develop language and social skills.

  • Are there modern cases of feral children?

    Yes, there are ongoing reports of neglected children with feral-like behaviors being discovered today.

  • What role do animals play in the lives of feral children?

    Animals can provide companionship and warmth for feral children, sometimes becoming their primary source of affection.

  • What is the future for children like Oksana and Edik?

    Their futures depend on early intervention and supportive environments, but they may still face significant challenges.

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  • 00:00:01
    children are precious to humankind
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    we satisfy our innate desire to nurture
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    and carry on our bloodline through our
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    progeny our children in turn rely on us
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    for love and survival what happens to a
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    child that's been abandoned by all who
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    are charged with protecting him and left
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    to fend for himself in the wild or when
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    a girl grows up in solitary confinement
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    in her own family home never knowing
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    love or social interaction since the
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    earliest of time such stories were
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    thought to be nothing more than myth
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    could there be any truth to the lore of
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    feral children
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    the word feral means wild are
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    undomesticated it brings to mind the
  • 00:00:59
    myth of Romulus the founder of Rome and
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    his twin brother Remus who were raised
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    by a wolf or that of Tarzan who lived
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    among animals in the wild for centuries
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    feral children have posed questions that
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    go to the very heart of what it is to be
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    human one of the central questions in
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    all of science that has to do with
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    humans is are we a product of our genes
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    or are we a product of our experience
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    the old nature-nurture issue feral
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    children tap into this because they are
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    the natural experiment that we're not
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    allowed to carry out they are the
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    children who go through extraordinary
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    circumstances at which no one could
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    naturally create but the fascination I
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    think actually originates in these sort
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    of primal ideas about the difference
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    between humans and animals
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    part of being a human is being brought
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    up by him you're not brought up by
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    humans are you completely human and I
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    think in some of these cases that's the
  • 00:02:12
    issue that we're doing
  • 00:02:19
    one of the most extraordinary cases ever
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    should recently come to light into
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    Ukraine Oksana Malaya was born in
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    November 1983 according to medical
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    records she was a healthy child so how
  • 00:02:34
    did Oksana become more like a dog than a
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    human being
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    her parents were alcoholics and one
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    night too drunk to care
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    they left Oksana outside looking for
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    warm the three-year-old crawled into the
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    farm kennel and curled up with the
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    mongrel dog that probably saved her life
  • 00:03:00
    but while the dog helped her survive her
  • 00:03:04
    time in the kennel also had awful
  • 00:03:06
    consequences for the next five years she
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    would spend her life living as a dog
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    [Music]
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    no bottomless puzzle reformer she was
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    more like a little dog than a human
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    child first of all she couldn't speak or
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    she could hardly speak and actually the
  • 00:03:34
    purpose of speaking what she didn't
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    think it was necessary to speak at all
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    akia what pretty wish could do a shoe
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    she knew was the wooden man wore the
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    other hard he'll stop yeah children can
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    copy the habits of the creatures around
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    them if those creatures human beings
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    they become like human beings not
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    stylish but as you know she was
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    surrounded by dogs
  • 00:03:55
    he's also he became more like a dog
  • 00:04:08
    but surely the story of Oksana is a
  • 00:04:11
    rarity the product of alcoholic parents
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    in a poor and depressed part of the
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    world incredibly it was seemed not
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    throughout history children have been
  • 00:04:22
    abandoned by their parents most died
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    quickly but some the survivors have
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    resorted to extraordinary means to stay
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    alive
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    how they have survived and who they
  • 00:04:34
    become our questions that have long
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    fascinated scientists but understanding
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    these children has been a slow and
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    difficult process
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    very very good clinicians and
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    researchers have with the tools that
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    they had in their day and age they tried
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    to understand what happened but because
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    it's such a complex set of phenomenon
  • 00:04:57
    our understanding has been limited and
  • 00:05:00
    it's incrementally from generation to
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    generation generation we've had better
  • 00:05:04
    tools to better understand what happens
  • 00:05:06
    when these children the first
  • 00:05:09
    scientifically documented case occurred
  • 00:05:11
    in 1800 in France it would send
  • 00:05:14
    shockwaves throughout civilized Europe
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    [Music]
  • 00:05:28
    the scientific study of feral children
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    began in the most improbable of
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    circumstances on a cloudy afternoon in
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    southwest France two hunters were out in
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    the woods looking for deer it had been a
  • 00:05:44
    long day and they hadn't caught anything
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    but their luck was about to change
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    [Music]
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    for years scared villagers had talked of
  • 00:06:04
    a strange wild child that lurked in the
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    forest he had been caught twice before
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    but had always managed to escape this
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    time however he wouldn't get away
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    news of the capture spread fast in Paris
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    one young doctor jean 8r was especially
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    interested the boy was brought to Paris
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    most of the city's medical professionals
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    quickly decided that the boy now called
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    Victor was nothing more than an idiot
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    but something about him captivated HR
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    the first thing which is truly
  • 00:06:57
    remarkable arica is his extremely
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    scientific approach to reporting what he
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    did he gives a wonderful wealth of
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    detail about the child what the child
  • 00:07:11
    did when he tried certain things so he
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    is very clearly linked into a tradition
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    which were still involved with now the
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    modern scientific study of feral
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    children had begun for 8r there were two
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    tests of what it meant to be human the
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    ability to feel empathy and to use
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    language Victor could do neither and so
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    was innate our thighs scarcely human
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    no Senora at first he was wild and hard
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    to control but slowly
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    dr. 8r and his housekeeper madame guerin
  • 00:07:51
    started making progress a card belief in
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    love and kindness seemed to be working
  • 00:08:02
    but after his years alone in the wood a
  • 00:08:05
    car knew that Victor still craves for
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    the wild
  • 00:08:10
    every day they would walk together and
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    with every day Viktor became less wild
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    and eventually madame guerin
  • 00:08:21
    was able to take over what were for
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    victor some of his happiest times he
  • 00:08:28
    loved nature but he also seemed to be
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    showing real feelings for the people
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    around him I think that joint have
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    understood the importance of parental
  • 00:08:39
    love and so he put Victor in a situation
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    where he had in essence a substitute
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    mother Madame Donna and she played the
  • 00:08:52
    role of mother she understood the
  • 00:08:54
    importance of constant care and
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    understood intuitively how important it
  • 00:09:02
    is to touch people
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    and in a month that followed there was
  • 00:09:09
    even more progress
  • 00:09:12
    Victor enjoyed helping madame guerin and
  • 00:09:15
    had learned to lay the table but one
  • 00:09:21
    lunchtime he was laying the table as
  • 00:09:23
    usual when madame guerin started crying
  • 00:09:28
    her husband had recently died
  • 00:09:32
    incredibly Victor's seemed to understand
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    quietly he simply removed the place
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    setting
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    this was the breakthrough 8r had been
  • 00:09:50
    waiting for
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    Victor's seem to be showing real empathy
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    and understanding at last
  • 00:10:06
    by putting away the place delays he was
  • 00:10:10
    showing that he could empathize with my
  • 00:10:12
    hunger and he realized that he'd made a
  • 00:10:14
    mistake that his mistake had had hurt
  • 00:10:17
    her I think in by doing that he was
  • 00:10:20
    showing his ability to put himself in a
  • 00:10:22
    position of another human being
  • 00:10:23
    something which when he was first fought
  • 00:10:25
    two pirates would have been impossible
  • 00:10:27
    Victor had passed the first of eight ARS
  • 00:10:30
    tests nervous but excited eight I
  • 00:10:33
    realized that it was Now or Never
  • 00:10:35
    it was time for Victor to learn to talk
  • 00:10:39
    [Music]
  • 00:10:42
    but before he could talk a car wanted to
  • 00:10:46
    know that mr. could recognized sounds to
  • 00:10:49
    test this he blindfolded him and gave
  • 00:10:51
    him a drum and a bell it was a game
  • 00:10:56
    Victor loved and understood immediately
  • 00:10:58
    for a car this was just the start he and
  • 00:11:01
    wanted did this mean that Victor would
  • 00:11:04
    finally be able to master language
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    [Music]
  • 00:11:08
    a drum is one thing but language is
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    infinitely more complex before he would
  • 00:11:17
    be able to talk ate on you that Victor
  • 00:11:20
    would have to master his vowel sounds
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    through the building blocks of all
  • 00:11:24
    language oh how clever the God but this
  • 00:11:32
    time Victor was at a complete loss to
  • 00:11:34
    him it was all nothing more than a game
  • 00:11:40
    a car could see his dreams for Victor
  • 00:11:42
    disappearing before his eyes and for the
  • 00:11:45
    first time ever lost his temper with the
  • 00:11:47
    boy no
  • 00:11:53
    but it was no good a car realized that
  • 00:11:56
    Victor just couldn't make sense of the
  • 00:11:58
    sounds that other children take for
  • 00:12:00
    granted without this how could he ever
  • 00:12:05
    be expected to talk it's how I felt that
  • 00:12:09
    to be a human being and in the fullest
  • 00:12:10
    possible sense you had to be sociable
  • 00:12:12
    you had to be language using had to be
  • 00:12:15
    measured
  • 00:12:15
    orderly artificial and when you realize
  • 00:12:19
    he was unable to obtain that I think you
  • 00:12:22
    lose interest and really was undivided
  • 00:12:26
    for the next twenty years
  • 00:12:28
    Victor would live with madame guerin
  • 00:12:30
    happy but abandoned by the man who had
  • 00:12:33
    tried so hard to save him with Victor a
  • 00:12:36
    car had shown that it was possible to
  • 00:12:38
    bring a feral child back into society
  • 00:12:41
    but with language the ultimate test he
  • 00:12:44
    had failed despite this interest in
  • 00:12:47
    feral children continued unabated in
  • 00:12:51
    1828 a young boy kaspar hauser was found
  • 00:12:55
    lost and alone in Germany
  • 00:12:58
    his background is much of a mystery as
  • 00:13:01
    Victor's and as the century wore on more
  • 00:13:04
    reports were appearing from distant
  • 00:13:06
    corners of the globe from India in
  • 00:13:08
    particular came a series of stories
  • 00:13:11
    about children living with Wolves
  • 00:13:13
    distant and unproven to scientists they
  • 00:13:16
    seemed little more than myth then in
  • 00:13:18
    1930 a properly documented case of two
  • 00:13:21
    girls living the Wolf Pack came to light
  • 00:13:24
    American scientists were particularly
  • 00:13:26
    interested but before the girls could
  • 00:13:29
    get to the United States both died of
  • 00:13:31
    fever
  • 00:13:34
    one of the scientists who had been
  • 00:13:36
    waiting to see them was primatologist
  • 00:13:38
    Winthrop Kellogg despite this setback he
  • 00:13:42
    was determined to prove that nurture was
  • 00:13:44
    the dominant influence in child
  • 00:13:45
    development
  • 00:13:48
    Caleb knew that the perfect way to prove
  • 00:13:50
    his theory was to engineer a feral child
  • 00:13:53
    to bring together baby put them on
  • 00:13:55
    wolves and to see what happened clearly
  • 00:13:58
    is the one experiment he couldn't do
  • 00:13:59
    this is the forbidden experiment so what
  • 00:14:02
    he decided to do was the next best thing
  • 00:14:03
    which was to reverse back in forbidden
  • 00:14:06
    experiment and to bring an aide into
  • 00:14:08
    human family for the next year the
  • 00:14:11
    chimpanzee gua would spend every day
  • 00:14:13
    with Kellogg's young son Donald as
  • 00:14:16
    Kellogg had predicted Gua could learn
  • 00:14:19
    many human characteristics but the
  • 00:14:21
    experiment had unforeseen consequences
  • 00:14:24
    Calabrese also did this experiment on
  • 00:14:26
    the chimpanzee an actual time became
  • 00:14:29
    equal in terms on his thumb particularly
  • 00:14:32
    in the way which is done with apples or
  • 00:14:34
    not speaking out language rather than
  • 00:14:36
    learning words
  • 00:14:38
    Donald was learning the barks and yelps
  • 00:14:40
    of a chimpanzee horrified Kellogg called
  • 00:14:43
    off the experiment almost by accident
  • 00:14:45
    Kellogg had shown the vulnerability of
  • 00:14:48
    early childhood how the smallest changes
  • 00:14:51
    in environment can have unforeseen and
  • 00:14:53
    long-lasting effect it was a subject
  • 00:14:56
    that continued to intrigued scientists
  • 00:14:59
    1860s American clay colleges Harry
  • 00:15:02
    Harlow continued where Kellogg has left
  • 00:15:04
    off
  • 00:15:07
    Paulo's work was really seminal in this
  • 00:15:09
    entire field because he showed the
  • 00:15:12
    crucial importance of the caregiving
  • 00:15:14
    relationship between a mother and an
  • 00:15:17
    infant and how the physical stimulation
  • 00:15:19
    literally the physical contact with the
  • 00:15:22
    caregiver has profound impact of health
  • 00:15:25
    development at birth Carlos took baby
  • 00:15:29
    monkeys from their mothers they were
  • 00:15:32
    then given a choice between a cold wire
  • 00:15:34
    monkey with milk or a soft warm monkey
  • 00:15:37
    without amazingly they chose the more
  • 00:15:41
    comforting figure every time and
  • 00:15:44
    socially the effects were devastating
  • 00:15:47
    raised in isolation without any love or
  • 00:15:50
    encouragement these young monkeys were
  • 00:15:52
    scared and confused
  • 00:15:54
    Harlow couldn't explain it but something
  • 00:15:56
    about this early isolation had damaged
  • 00:15:59
    them for life but these were monkeys
  • 00:16:04
    would the same be true for a human child
  • 00:16:07
    it would be another 20 years before
  • 00:16:10
    scientists had a chance to find out and
  • 00:16:12
    when they did it would be in the busiest
  • 00:16:15
    most urban setting imaginable officials
  • 00:16:19
    in the Los Angeles suburb of Arcadia
  • 00:16:21
    have taken custody of a 13 year old girl
  • 00:16:23
    and they say was just in such isolation
  • 00:16:25
    by her parents that she never even
  • 00:16:27
    learned to talk the girl still wore
  • 00:16:29
    diapers and with uttering infantile
  • 00:16:31
    noises social worker discovered the case
  • 00:16:33
    two weeks ago the authorities are hoping
  • 00:16:35
    she still may have a normal learning
  • 00:16:37
    capacity
  • 00:16:39
    among the first to see the child was
  • 00:16:41
    Temple City detective sergeant Franklin
  • 00:16:43
    Lee
  • 00:16:45
    [Music]
  • 00:16:52
    I already knew that a child was 13
  • 00:16:54
    minute after years old and I took one
  • 00:16:57
    look at her and she wasn't much bigger
  • 00:17:00
    than my daughter Beverly who had just
  • 00:17:02
    turned seven about three months earlier
  • 00:17:05
    and I really had a hard time conceiving
  • 00:17:10
    of the idea that the child was the age
  • 00:17:11
    that she was the child obviously had
  • 00:17:15
    been severely mistreated after she was
  • 00:17:18
    still in diapers couldn't walk
  • 00:17:19
    she had no verbal skills at all at that
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    point
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    [Music]
  • 00:17:26
    the last time I was on this street was
  • 00:17:28
    probably thirty years ago
  • 00:17:33
    but there it is
  • 00:17:36
    hasn't changed much the backyard looks
  • 00:17:39
    the same it's all we can do grass looks
  • 00:17:44
    the same as it did 1970
  • 00:17:47
    the house belonged to Clark Wiley a
  • 00:17:50
    loner Clark had turned his back on the
  • 00:17:52
    world after his mother had been killed
  • 00:17:54
    in a hit-and-run accident after the
  • 00:17:57
    accident things in a Wiley House would
  • 00:17:59
    never be the same again
  • 00:18:01
    [Music]
  • 00:18:05
    the house was completely dark all the
  • 00:18:08
    blinds were drawn there were no toys no
  • 00:18:11
    clothes nothing that would ever indicate
  • 00:18:14
    a child of any age live there
  • 00:18:18
    [Music]
  • 00:18:22
    child embezzling was back in this corner
  • 00:18:27
    that was the bedroom the windows were
  • 00:18:31
    covered to about the three inches from
  • 00:18:33
    the top actually the only natural light
  • 00:18:36
    that had ever come in there and all the
  • 00:18:37
    time the child was in the bedroom entire
  • 00:18:41
    furnishings as a bedroom consisted a
  • 00:18:42
    cage with a pulldown chicken wire lid
  • 00:18:47
    and some type of piece of wire securing
  • 00:18:51
    it when they closed it down there was a
  • 00:18:53
    potty chair with some kind of homemade
  • 00:18:56
    strapping device for 13 years Jeannie
  • 00:19:00
    had spent her night locked in bed her
  • 00:19:03
    days strapped to a potty chair during
  • 00:19:06
    that time Clark had ordered his son John
  • 00:19:09
    and wife Irene never to talk to her in
  • 00:19:13
    her darkened room she had led a life of
  • 00:19:15
    near total isolation
  • 00:19:20
    even close neighbors were completely
  • 00:19:22
    unaware of her presence
  • 00:19:26
    the police was there and they came to
  • 00:19:28
    question us that's when we found found
  • 00:19:30
    out you know what happens and you know
  • 00:19:33
    that they had nobody knows nobody knew
  • 00:19:37
    before and when we found out what
  • 00:19:40
    happened how she was treated I mean
  • 00:19:42
    everybody was shocked and just
  • 00:19:45
    unbelievable for their whole marriage
  • 00:19:48
    Clark had imposed his will on Irene and
  • 00:19:51
    blind with cataracts she had been too
  • 00:19:54
    scared to resist but one day something
  • 00:19:56
    broke while Clark was out buying
  • 00:19:59
    groceries she seized her chance and fled
  • 00:20:01
    it was the first glimpse the world would
  • 00:20:03
    have of Clark and Irene's dark secret
  • 00:20:05
    well I met Clark and I really
  • 00:20:08
    temple city sheriff's station they were
  • 00:20:10
    both under arrest at the time when we
  • 00:20:12
    interviewed Irene she would make no
  • 00:20:15
    mention of the family whatsoever
  • 00:20:16
    particularly the children I attempted
  • 00:20:20
    along with my partner to interview Clark
  • 00:20:22
    he refused to talk to us he wouldn't say
  • 00:20:24
    a word he never even acknowledged that
  • 00:20:26
    he understood what we were talking about
  • 00:20:28
    unable to face the truth Clark took
  • 00:20:30
    matters into his own hands
  • 00:20:35
    this morning the authorities reported
  • 00:20:37
    the 70 year old Clark Wiley shot and
  • 00:20:40
    killed himself this before he was to go
  • 00:20:41
    to the course of the arraigned for child
  • 00:20:43
    abuse after 13 years Jeannie was at last
  • 00:20:48
    free and for scientists she was just the
  • 00:20:51
    case they had been waiting for for 13
  • 00:20:56
    years Jeannie had lived a life of
  • 00:20:59
    complete isolation raised in a city
  • 00:21:02
    bedroom Jeannie was as much a feral
  • 00:21:04
    child and if she had been brought up by
  • 00:21:06
    one at 13 she was the size of a
  • 00:21:11
    six-year-old worst of all she had never
  • 00:21:13
    been taught to speak the question now
  • 00:21:16
    could she ever learn Janie Cates was so
  • 00:21:23
    straight if eclis important that the
  • 00:21:25
    government funded a team of Sciences to
  • 00:21:28
    help answer the many questions she posed
  • 00:21:33
    to of the scientists who would become
  • 00:21:35
    especially important to Jeannie or child
  • 00:21:38
    psychologist James Kent and linguist
  • 00:21:40
    Susan Curtis
  • 00:21:44
    neither had ever encountered a case as
  • 00:21:46
    Extreme as Feeny
  • 00:21:54
    we look at her as he as a newborn in a
  • 00:21:58
    way even though we know she had she came
  • 00:22:00
    with 13 years of memories and
  • 00:22:02
    experiences not all of them wonderful
  • 00:22:04
    most of them not I think and so we
  • 00:22:06
    thought we needed to start to exposure
  • 00:22:08
    to what the world is going to be like
  • 00:22:11
    for her outside the hospital bed to
  • 00:22:14
    Jeannie everything was a new experience
  • 00:22:18
    we did what you would do with with your
  • 00:22:20
    own kids if you're reducing into the
  • 00:22:22
    world it take them out and hold up and
  • 00:22:24
    show them and for the judge from how
  • 00:22:27
    they reacted to whether this was too
  • 00:22:28
    much or not enough and you could move on
  • 00:22:29
    and do the next thing Haney was making
  • 00:22:32
    amazing progress as the experts looked
  • 00:22:34
    on they realized that she might be the
  • 00:22:37
    answer to the question that had troubled
  • 00:22:38
    science for so long so we seized this
  • 00:22:44
    wonderful opportunity that she provided
  • 00:22:46
    us in as loving away as we could but
  • 00:22:50
    using it to finally get our chance to
  • 00:22:54
    address head on specific hypotheses and
  • 00:22:58
    notions about human language and human
  • 00:23:01
    mind these hypotheses were based on the
  • 00:23:05
    latest ideas about how children's brains
  • 00:23:07
    developed according to the theory young
  • 00:23:10
    children could only learn certain things
  • 00:23:12
    at certain times called critical periods
  • 00:23:16
    language was one of these critical
  • 00:23:18
    periods and according to the theory
  • 00:23:20
    Jeannie who is now a teenager had missed
  • 00:23:23
    her chance forever
  • 00:23:26
    but incredibly kini seemed to be proving
  • 00:23:29
    the theory wrong as this footage shows
  • 00:23:31
    genie was blossoming not only was she
  • 00:23:34
    delighted by the world around her but
  • 00:23:36
    she was learning the word for the new
  • 00:23:38
    things she was being
  • 00:23:43
    he was extremely interested in
  • 00:23:46
    everything around her she wanted to know
  • 00:23:48
    the word for everything around her she
  • 00:23:50
    wanted to engage people all around her
  • 00:23:53
    she was not mentally deficient her
  • 00:23:55
    lights were on and everyone who worked
  • 00:23:57
    with her from teachers to therapists to
  • 00:24:01
    me knew that she was not [ __ ] it was
  • 00:24:05
    clear as day and as she began to learn
  • 00:24:09
    more more more hundreds of words much
  • 00:24:12
    more rapidly than I ever meant and
  • 00:24:15
    stringing them together I began to think
  • 00:24:18
    maybe I will be wrong maybe she will be
  • 00:24:21
    the one that will prove that this
  • 00:24:23
    hypothesis is incorrect but Jeanne could
  • 00:24:27
    not escape the effects of her path so
  • 00:24:29
    easily
  • 00:24:29
    she was still haunted by her traumatic
  • 00:24:32
    upbringing trapped by the memories of
  • 00:24:34
    the awful fate she had suffered and
  • 00:24:36
    linguistically she had stopped making
  • 00:24:39
    progress
  • 00:24:39
    she learned tons of which she has made
  • 00:24:42
    enormous vocabulary but men which is not
  • 00:24:45
    worried
  • 00:24:45
    language is grammar languages sentences
  • 00:24:50
    how do you make a sentence what can be
  • 00:24:53
    assumed what is assumed how do you
  • 00:24:55
    automatically know something soon
  • 00:24:58
    so it wasn't because she was cognitively
  • 00:25:00
    deficient in other respects it was
  • 00:25:04
    because she was cognitively
  • 00:25:06
    deficient in this island of human mind
  • 00:25:10
    the mental faculty to be called Grammer
  • 00:25:12
    at the time Jeannie was found brain
  • 00:25:15
    science was in its infancy but today we
  • 00:25:18
    have a much clearer picture of what
  • 00:25:19
    actually happens in cases of extreme
  • 00:25:21
    neglect like genies ingenious brand the
  • 00:25:26
    last part of her her brains they her
  • 00:25:28
    cortex that that has those neural
  • 00:25:31
    systems responsible for speech and
  • 00:25:32
    language because she never heard any
  • 00:25:34
    words and because she was never taught
  • 00:25:37
    spoken to very often they didn't get
  • 00:25:40
    stimulated and because they weren't
  • 00:25:42
    stimulated they got smaller and less
  • 00:25:46
    functional and disconnected and
  • 00:25:48
    ultimately that part of the brain
  • 00:25:50
    literally physically changes today with
  • 00:25:53
    modern imaging technology we can
  • 00:25:55
    actually see what happens in the brains
  • 00:25:58
    of feral children and the effects are
  • 00:26:00
    shocking without normal stimulation
  • 00:26:04
    their brains are smaller and malformed
  • 00:26:06
    and the earlier this neglect begins and
  • 00:26:08
    the longer it carries on the worse the
  • 00:26:11
    damage will be starved of stimulation
  • 00:26:14
    genes brain has simply not developed the
  • 00:26:16
    capacity for language and now that she
  • 00:26:19
    was a teenager she would never be able
  • 00:26:21
    to learn despite this Genie continued to
  • 00:26:24
    be a closed part of everyone's life but
  • 00:26:27
    there was more trouble ahead
  • 00:26:32
    children have to belong to somebody when
  • 00:26:34
    they grow up and she was still a child
  • 00:26:35
    and she need a family to belong to so
  • 00:26:38
    that's what we would have like a family
  • 00:26:40
    she could belong to that's not what
  • 00:26:43
    happened unfortunately what did happen
  • 00:26:46
    is about the worst outcome I think we
  • 00:26:50
    would have envisioned on her 18th
  • 00:26:53
    birthday
  • 00:26:53
    Janie moved back with her mother Irene
  • 00:26:55
    into the house in which she had been so
  • 00:26:57
    terribly abused but after only a few
  • 00:27:00
    weeks it was clear that Irene couldn't
  • 00:27:02
    cope from here Jeannie was moved into
  • 00:27:05
    State care with terrible consequences I
  • 00:27:09
    was a student and people wouldn't listen
  • 00:27:12
    to me people who needed to intervene did
  • 00:27:15
    not listen to me and so I spent lots and
  • 00:27:18
    lots of time on the phone pleading with
  • 00:27:20
    people to intervene and save this person
  • 00:27:23
    who had had the worst experience of
  • 00:27:27
    deprivation and isolation in all the
  • 00:27:29
    crazy medical history Jeannie moved from
  • 00:27:32
    home to home sometimes with the very
  • 00:27:34
    people who served as her therapists this
  • 00:27:37
    potential conflict of interest raised
  • 00:27:39
    tensions among the many people involved
  • 00:27:41
    in her life and a tug of war erupted
  • 00:27:44
    over the child and Janie's condition
  • 00:27:46
    deteriorated Irene decided that Susan
  • 00:27:49
    Curtis and the other academics had
  • 00:27:51
    become too close to Jeannie a lawsuit
  • 00:27:54
    followed
  • 00:27:56
    I went from being asked to be her
  • 00:27:59
    guardian to one week later being
  • 00:28:02
    prevented from seeing her or phoning her
  • 00:28:05
    and ever since then I've been prevented
  • 00:28:07
    from having any contact at all so
  • 00:28:09
    although I have lots of you know I'm
  • 00:28:12
    still a scientist I'm still interested
  • 00:28:14
    in knowing things about her language now
  • 00:28:17
    and all kinds of interesting things I
  • 00:28:20
    would like to pursue academically
  • 00:28:21
    primarily I would just like now a ward
  • 00:28:26
    of the court
  • 00:28:27
    Jeanne lived in an adult care home
  • 00:28:29
    somewhere in Los Angeles prevented from
  • 00:28:32
    seeing the people who wanted to meant so
  • 00:28:34
    much to her but children like Jeanne
  • 00:28:36
    continue to be discovered even today we
  • 00:28:41
    actually are seeing an increase in the
  • 00:28:42
    number of severely neglected children
  • 00:28:44
    who are in physically and socially
  • 00:28:46
    isolated environments and have a feral
  • 00:28:49
    child like properties
  • 00:28:54
    [Music]
  • 00:29:03
    in the Ukraine we uncovered an
  • 00:29:06
    incredible story nearly is a depressed
  • 00:29:09
    and run down town miles from anywhere
  • 00:29:11
    before the collapse of the Soviet Union
  • 00:29:14
    nearly was a thriving Navy town but now
  • 00:29:17
    half the flats are empty and stray dogs
  • 00:29:20
    roam the streets but in 1999 social
  • 00:29:24
    workers found a situation shocking even
  • 00:29:26
    by the standards of near name
  • 00:29:29
    on the third floor of this block a four
  • 00:29:33
    year old boy called edek was found in a
  • 00:29:35
    deserted flat his alcoholic mother was
  • 00:29:39
    nowhere to be seen
  • 00:29:41
    as the authorities started asking
  • 00:29:43
    questions a horrifying picture began to
  • 00:29:46
    emerge
  • 00:29:48
    while etics younger sister Nadia had
  • 00:29:51
    been cared for by neighbors etic had
  • 00:29:53
    been forced to look elsewhere for love
  • 00:29:55
    and affection without a mother and Eddie
  • 00:30:00
    can turn to the local stray dogs for
  • 00:30:03
    warmth and protection worse he started
  • 00:30:08
    to behave more like a dog than a human
  • 00:30:10
    being
  • 00:30:18
    well nevikov vodka his behavior a
  • 00:30:21
    classic dog's behavior should be can you
  • 00:30:23
    take in the food any of his hands and he
  • 00:30:25
    was scratching in younger kids and
  • 00:30:26
    fighting them two years later
  • 00:30:37
    etic is six and lived in a foster home
  • 00:30:39
    in the nearest city he has made
  • 00:30:42
    remarkable progress but still has many
  • 00:30:44
    problems his behavior has improved and
  • 00:30:47
    he is better with the other children
  • 00:30:49
    but linguistically he is slow doctors
  • 00:30:53
    have told us that while etiquette 6 his
  • 00:30:56
    language is that of a three-year-old
  • 00:31:00
    it seemed that etic was suffering from
  • 00:31:03
    many of the same language problems that
  • 00:31:05
    it affected Victor and Jeanne so badly
  • 00:31:07
    the crucial question
  • 00:31:09
    had he been found in time or would he
  • 00:31:12
    like them never recover to try and gain
  • 00:31:20
    an accurate picture of etics condition
  • 00:31:22
    we took a leading language expert
  • 00:31:24
    Professor James law to the Ukraine to
  • 00:31:27
    evaluate etic there seems to be a lot of
  • 00:31:29
    similarities between edit and other
  • 00:31:32
    feral children one of the interesting
  • 00:31:34
    things is he's been identified by the
  • 00:31:36
    younger than some of the more extreme
  • 00:31:38
    cases so they were they had had a much
  • 00:31:41
    longer extended period of neglect where
  • 00:31:44
    it is neglected being pretty acute but
  • 00:31:47
    for a finite period of time and then
  • 00:31:49
    he's come to this woman very supportive
  • 00:31:51
    foster family and that has to be a good
  • 00:31:54
    thing I want to start to get a better
  • 00:31:56
    picture James spoke with etics foster
  • 00:31:58
    mother looking to do it one symbol to
  • 00:31:59
    play destroys others to look on for you
  • 00:32:02
    so should the suit come poignancy that
  • 00:32:03
    rustiness permissible geek giggle what
  • 00:32:06
    can we at the beginning he was a wild
  • 00:32:08
    child he didn't know anything he didn't
  • 00:32:12
    even know what a plate or spoon was or
  • 00:32:15
    how we should use them and it took the
  • 00:32:17
    monkey making me normally and to get him
  • 00:32:20
    to wear clothes and behave normally
  • 00:32:22
    but agility door look
  • 00:32:25
    picture which is soft some other
  • 00:32:27
    painters in the last six months or so
  • 00:32:31
    the things had been a bit of a
  • 00:32:32
    breakthrough in some way and it's not so
  • 00:32:34
    much to do with his language so that I
  • 00:32:36
    has been improving its to do is the
  • 00:32:38
    ability to relate to other people and
  • 00:32:40
    she like empathize with Eddie's
  • 00:32:45
    background clear in his mind James could
  • 00:32:47
    begin to make a more formal assessment
  • 00:32:49
    of etics strengths and weaknesses as the
  • 00:32:55
    session progressed it was clear that
  • 00:32:57
    edek was reveling in the attention did
  • 00:33:00
    you but just how much of an impact had
  • 00:33:03
    two years of neglect had on his language
  • 00:33:05
    it was time for James to find out take a
  • 00:33:14
    picture vodka and a gun Epictetus
  • 00:33:20
    exclusive she has my tables present was
  • 00:33:23
    liquid at no point could be anything but
  • 00:33:26
    don't get a generic entry point to the
  • 00:33:30
    elephant and then point to the giraffe
  • 00:33:34
    okay it's Nicolas Flamel but does it
  • 00:33:36
    offer point to the cat and then to the
  • 00:33:44
    bird because it's like a horse I don't
  • 00:33:46
    teach belonging smoking oh listen
  • 00:33:54
    linguistically etiquette made good
  • 00:33:56
    progress and moving from the awful
  • 00:33:58
    conditions in a town in which he was
  • 00:34:00
    found but the details of his past were
  • 00:34:02
    still unclear to get a better picture
  • 00:34:05
    James needed to take edek back to merely
  • 00:34:08
    the town where he had been so badly
  • 00:34:10
    treated by humans that dogs have become
  • 00:34:12
    his most faithful companions
  • 00:34:17
    as he walked around the village and it
  • 00:34:20
    could remember little of the details of
  • 00:34:22
    what happened to him but he could
  • 00:34:28
    remember some of the places behind the
  • 00:34:30
    flat where he had run and slept with the
  • 00:34:33
    dogs that had become his family
  • 00:34:39
    as he continued Attucks confidence and
  • 00:34:43
    memories seem to be improving he wanted
  • 00:34:46
    to show Jane the flat where he had lived
  • 00:34:48
    with the daughter as weary emerged at
  • 00:34:52
    the front of the block we were greeted
  • 00:34:54
    by a local delegation somehow the mayor
  • 00:34:58
    and police had been alerted to our
  • 00:35:00
    presence they claimed that the story
  • 00:35:04
    about etic was a lie and demanded we
  • 00:35:06
    stopped filming she knows this woman she
  • 00:35:09
    painted everything that he was told
  • 00:35:10
    about the feminists still too little to
  • 00:35:12
    find a few you shouldn't film animated
  • 00:35:14
    it was clear that something had happened
  • 00:35:16
    here but with the mayor and police is
  • 00:35:19
    vigorous denial it was far from certain
  • 00:35:21
    exactly what however as we were leaving
  • 00:35:24
    the town James was approached by a local
  • 00:35:26
    woman who clearly recognized both etic
  • 00:35:29
    and Nadia despite the police's
  • 00:35:31
    intervention she was determined to tell
  • 00:35:33
    him what she had seen when the children
  • 00:35:35
    lived in the town so many Catania middle
  • 00:35:38
    videos I'm gonna sabaki everybody in the
  • 00:35:41
    community where there was fish there was
  • 00:35:43
    fish on the floor and the dog was
  • 00:35:44
    leaving the conditions was absolutely
  • 00:35:46
    awful
  • 00:35:46
    we have heard stories that the children
  • 00:35:49
    used to play a lot with the dogs with
  • 00:35:51
    animals around the place I'm comfortable
  • 00:35:53
    no no we suffer physical disabilities
  • 00:35:57
    Alicia from the Senate Senate yes with
  • 00:35:59
    the children were good friends of the
  • 00:36:01
    local dogs and home to this stratum 50
  • 00:36:04
    common lived in their flag they were
  • 00:36:06
    always your presence we do of the
  • 00:36:08
    Restless and a devastating event
  • 00:36:10
    but could a young child really live with
  • 00:36:13
    dogs and if they could how would this
  • 00:36:16
    incredible relationship work animal
  • 00:36:20
    expert Steve fryer has worked with dogs
  • 00:36:22
    for over 20 years and studied their very
  • 00:36:25
    special bond with man the relationship
  • 00:36:27
    between domesticated dogs and humans is
  • 00:36:29
    really very special and it's almost a
  • 00:36:31
    primeval urgent feelings that we get
  • 00:36:34
    about salt and I'm sure they have about
  • 00:36:36
    us because they've been around us for so
  • 00:36:38
    many thousands of years and it's been
  • 00:36:40
    passed on to generation after generation
  • 00:36:42
    but how would he explain etics
  • 00:36:44
    incredible story
  • 00:36:45
    I believe food was the issue and the
  • 00:36:49
    dogs were coming into the warmth and
  • 00:36:50
    security of the apartment and getting
  • 00:36:52
    regular food or irregular food so they
  • 00:36:55
    must have seen this young child as a
  • 00:36:57
    provider for the pack and perhaps pushed
  • 00:36:59
    his status up much higher than if he'd
  • 00:37:01
    just been a three-year-old child running
  • 00:37:03
    around with them dogs are very quick to
  • 00:37:06
    learn to seize on an opportunity
  • 00:37:08
    services free food source then it would
  • 00:37:11
    be a very big bonus in their thinking
  • 00:37:13
    capacity at stores this child edit it
  • 00:37:17
    seemed was lucky by offering the dog
  • 00:37:20
    food and shelter he in return received
  • 00:37:23
    the warmth and companionship that
  • 00:37:25
    probably saved his life but after only
  • 00:37:27
    two years with the dogs he had suffered
  • 00:37:30
    serious consequences yah-tchi
  • 00:37:33
    but what of oksana she is now 19 but
  • 00:37:36
    spent almost 6 years living in a kennel
  • 00:37:38
    she was found at eight almost the same
  • 00:37:41
    age as Victor
  • 00:37:45
    would she ever be able to talk or would
  • 00:37:48
    she like Victor and Jeanne before her be
  • 00:37:51
    condemned to a life of silence Oksana is
  • 00:38:05
    now 19 and lives miles from the nearest
  • 00:38:08
    town in a home for the mentally ill when
  • 00:38:13
    she was discovered at 8 she couldn't
  • 00:38:14
    even talk
  • 00:38:16
    according to brain theory Oksana would
  • 00:38:18
    have only three or four years to learn
  • 00:38:20
    language before she lost the chance
  • 00:38:23
    forever in this short time Oksana made
  • 00:38:26
    it she can now talk in simple sentences
  • 00:38:29
    but she is haunted by the memories of
  • 00:38:31
    her terrible past and even now as this
  • 00:38:34
    footage shows he can still revert to her
  • 00:38:36
    old behavior my mum wanted to have a boy
  • 00:38:47
    and she had a gun in his head aside he
  • 00:38:49
    threw me out and put me into the kennels
  • 00:38:51
    when I was small the dose of breastfeed
  • 00:38:53
    in here and later they taught me like
  • 00:38:55
    when I was bigger they brought me what
  • 00:38:57
    people gave them and they shared it with
  • 00:38:59
    me and I wasn't scared of them at all it
  • 00:39:01
    was my home so what does the future hold
  • 00:39:04
    for Oksana so long your no shame the
  • 00:39:08
    only thing we can do is to try and
  • 00:39:09
    correct our behavior so she gets used to
  • 00:39:11
    living in a human society the best way
  • 00:39:14
    to do the young is to try and find a
  • 00:39:15
    proper occupation for us also and it
  • 00:39:17
    will focus our mind in dogs and animals
  • 00:39:19
    would have some sort of useful
  • 00:39:20
    occupation but she will never be
  • 00:39:23
    considered a normal person
  • 00:39:27
    found at 8 Oksana has made amazing
  • 00:39:30
    progress but like Victor and Jeanne
  • 00:39:32
    before her it seems that her development
  • 00:39:35
    has come some way but will now go no
  • 00:39:37
    further
  • 00:39:39
    you
  • 00:39:44
    but what about edit what does his future
  • 00:39:46
    hold the earlier children are identified
  • 00:39:51
    and something can be done about it even
  • 00:39:53
    it is just stabilizing their environment
  • 00:39:55
    the better it is for those children my
  • 00:39:59
    sense is that the fact that he was
  • 00:40:02
    identified when he was four he's going
  • 00:40:05
    to stand him in good stead next
  • 00:40:07
    linguistically etixx future looks
  • 00:40:09
    encouraging
  • 00:40:11
    what you're seeing in edit is a really
  • 00:40:15
    substantial number of words that he is
  • 00:40:18
    now quiet over a relatively short period
  • 00:40:21
    of time we also sing his grammar
  • 00:40:23
    developing and it seems to be developing
  • 00:40:27
    more slowly but of course it always does
  • 00:40:28
    develop more slowly and then it would
  • 00:40:30
    it'll really take off I'm assuming that
  • 00:40:33
    in the next year or so that we would
  • 00:40:36
    have what they called a grammar burst
  • 00:40:38
    when you get a massive number of new
  • 00:40:41
    structures and it looks to me as if a
  • 00:40:44
    deck is doing that on his own without
  • 00:40:47
    instruction and one would take that to
  • 00:40:49
    be a very positive sign but socially
  • 00:40:52
    he's likely to find things more
  • 00:40:54
    difficult in edits case we probably have
  • 00:41:00
    an example of a child who orientates
  • 00:41:05
    towards the dogs because being with them
  • 00:41:09
    was actually to his advantage I think
  • 00:41:12
    it's impossible to underestimate the
  • 00:41:14
    impact that this could have in the long
  • 00:41:16
    term
  • 00:41:17
    if we observe him in these orphanage you
  • 00:41:21
    see he attaches to almost anybody
  • 00:41:24
    indiscriminately and what is likely to
  • 00:41:27
    happen is that he's going to be
  • 00:41:29
    vulnerable socially and I think his
  • 00:41:31
    personal development is what I would be
  • 00:41:33
    most concerned about etic is likely to
  • 00:41:36
    suffer the consequences of his early
  • 00:41:38
    experiences for many years to come but
  • 00:41:41
    it would be wrong to see feral children
  • 00:41:43
    simply as hopeless we should look at
  • 00:41:48
    these children not with pity but with
  • 00:41:50
    awe I mean they're just it's fascinating
  • 00:41:54
    that you can go through something like
  • 00:41:56
    that and that you would still be willing
  • 00:41:58
    after what human beings have done to you
  • 00:42:01
    that you'd still be willing to put your
  • 00:42:03
    hand out and touch a new person faced
  • 00:42:06
    with almost unimaginable situations
  • 00:42:09
    feral children have come up with the
  • 00:42:11
    best strategies they could to survive
  • 00:42:13
    and for the last 200 years science has
  • 00:42:17
    tried to understand the mysteries they
  • 00:42:19
    posed with Victor a car made the first
  • 00:42:22
    steps a process that continued with
  • 00:42:25
    Susan curtis's work with teeny and goes
  • 00:42:27
    on right up to today with evaluations of
  • 00:42:30
    children like oksana and etic we are
  • 00:42:35
    continuing to learn more and more about
  • 00:42:37
    how to help these children more and more
  • 00:42:39
    about how these neglectful experiences
  • 00:42:41
    influence their brain but we were just
  • 00:42:44
    on a very very very cusp of being able
  • 00:42:49
    to be helpful because today we haven't
  • 00:42:51
    done a very good job of that
  • 00:42:53
    we just haven't understood the brain and
  • 00:42:54
    brain development in ways that would
  • 00:42:57
    allow us to be as good as we can be and
  • 00:42:59
    I think that that's changing and as we
  • 00:43:01
    look to the future one thing is certain
  • 00:43:03
    the story of feral children is far from
  • 00:43:07
    over I think there always will be
  • 00:43:09
    stories like this really as long as
  • 00:43:12
    adult you know abandoning children
  • 00:43:15
    leaving
  • 00:43:15
    to their own devices as long as really
  • 00:43:17
    adult camp royalty goes on then there
  • 00:43:19
    will be feral children
标签
  • feral children
  • Oksana Malaya
  • Victor
  • Jeannie
  • nature vs nurture
  • child development
  • neglect
  • language acquisition
  • social skills
  • early intervention