Plant Tissue Culture in SEAMEO BIOTROP - Kultur Jaringan Tanaman di SEAMEO BIOTROP

00:12:06
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DesjBSpcHzk

Résumé

TLDRThe video is an educational presentation on tissue culture technology at SEAMEO BIOTROP in Bogor, guided by Inja Nurelia Hayat. Tissue culture at SEAMEO BIOTROP began in 1985, with seedling production for various plants starting in 2000. Tissue culture is a technique that cultures isolated parts of plants in a controlled, aseptic environment, based on the cell totipotency theory. The method requires specific laboratory conditions, equipment, and media composed of nutrients, vitamins, and growth regulators. The process involves sterilizing plant explants, initiating shoot growth, multiplying shoots, inducing roots, and finally acclimatizing the plantlets. Tissue culture allows for large-scale, year-round production of uniform seedlings, preserving the characteristics of superior plants. The video invites viewers to explore SEAMEO BIOTROP for more information on this technology.

A retenir

  • 🌱 Tissue culture enables large-scale propagation of plants.
  • 🏛️ SEAMEO BIOTROP began tissue culture research in 1985.
  • 🧪 Requires controlled, sterile laboratory environments.
  • 🔬 Based on cell totipotency theory.
  • 🧴 Explants are carefully sterilized before culturing.
  • 🌿 Uses nutrient-rich culture media with growth regulators.
  • 📈 Allows year-round propagation without flowering requirements.
  • 🔄 Involves multiple stages from sterilization to acclimatization.
  • 💡 Preserves superior genetic traits of parent plants.
  • 🌼 Produces uniform and healthy seedlings quickly.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The educational video, hosted by Inja Nurelia Hayat at SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor, covers the basics of tissue culture technology. This method, essential for propagating plants that are difficult to grow via conventional methods, begins with isolating plant parts like cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled in vitro environment, emphasizing aseptic conditions. Tissue culture relies on the Cell Totipotency theory, suggesting each plant cell can develop into a complete plant under suitable conditions. Essential requirements include a laboratory with necessary equipment and materials such as macro/micro nutrients, growth regulators, and a sterile environment.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:12:06

    The micropropagation process of plant tissue culture begins with explant sterilization, important for maintaining aseptic conditions. This involves cleaning plant shoots from microorganisms using various solutions. Afterwards, sterile explants are planted in culture media for shoot initiation, followed by shoot multiplication with cytokinins, and root induction to grow roots. The final step is acclimatization, where plantlets are grown in sterilized soil before being transferred to nurseries as seedlings. Tissue-cultured seedlings are superior to conventionally propagated ones, offering benefits like large-scale production, uniformity, and year-round availability, especially when derived from superior parent plants.

Carte mentale

Mind Map

Questions fréquemment posées

  • What is the focus of the video?

    The video focuses on tissue culture technology.

  • Where does this video take place?

    The video takes place at SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor.

  • Since when has SEAMEO BIOTROP been conducting tissue culture research?

    Research started in 1985, with seedling production beginning in 2000.

  • What is tissue culture?

    Tissue culture is a method to isolate parts of plants to be cultured in a controlled, aseptic environment.

  • What theory is tissue culture based on?

    It is based on the theory of Cell Totipotency by Schwann and Schleiden.

  • What materials are needed for tissue culture?

    A laboratory with equipment, chemicals for culture media, and an aseptic environment are needed.

  • What are the advantages of tissue culture?

    It allows large-scale, uniform seedling production year-round and maintains superior plant characteristics.

  • What are the stages of tissue culture?

    Stages include explant sterilization, planting in culture medium, shoot and root induction, and acclimatization.

  • How is the sterile condition maintained during tissue culture?

    By cleaning explants with water and chemical solutions to remove microorganisms.

  • What type of medium is used for shoot multiplication?

    The shoot multiplication medium containing cytokinins is used.

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Sous-titres
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Défilement automatique:
  • 00:00:53
    Hi, Biotrop’s audience, I am Inja Nurelia Hayat… I will accompany you in BIOTROP's educational video
  • 00:01:01
    I am currently at the SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor
  • 00:01:05
    In this episode of educational video, we learn about tissue culture technology
  • 00:01:10
    So.. please follow me
  • 00:01:16
    One of research institutions
  • 00:01:18
    that has tissue culture laboratory is SEAMEO BIOTROP
  • 00:01:23
    Research on tissue culture in SEAMEO BIOTROP begins in 1985
  • 00:01:30
    The seedlings production starts in 2000
  • 00:01:34
    for forest trees, agriculture, horticulture, ornamental plants
  • 00:01:41
    as well as for seaweeds
  • 00:01:43
    Nowadays, technology has been developing rapidly with time
  • 00:01:48
    You may want to think about technology as if computer technology and other gadgets
  • 00:01:57
    How about tissue culture technology?
  • 00:02:00
    Usually we propagate plant seedlings using conventional method
  • 00:02:04
    Such as seed germination
  • 00:02:06
    Grafting and cutting
  • 00:02:11
    In certain plants that are difficult to propagate using conventional method
  • 00:02:16
    We need alternative technique for propagating plants
  • 00:02:19
    That is tissue culture technique for plants
  • 00:02:24
    I am now with Ibu Erina, a researcher and the person in charge of tissue culture production in SEAMEO BIOTROP
  • 00:02:32
    Hi, Ibu Erina, I am Inja, I would like to ask you
  • 00:02:35
    About what tissue culture is
  • 00:02:38
    Tissue culture is a method to isolate a certain parts of plants
  • 00:02:46
    For example, cell, tissue or organ
  • 00:02:50
    To be cultured in a controlled environment or usually called in vitro
  • 00:02:58
    And the most important thing is being in an aseptic condition
  • 00:03:03
    For example, we take a leaf from a superior plant
  • 00:03:09
    From the leaf, we can grow stem, shoot, root
  • 00:03:15
    So, from a leaf
  • 00:03:19
    Can become a complete plant
  • 00:03:23
    Other parts of plant that are generally used for tissue culture
  • 00:03:27
    Are shoots and bulb
  • 00:03:32
    Tissue culture technique is developed from the theory of Cell Totipotency
  • 00:03:36
    Stated by Schwann and Schleiden in 1938
  • 00:03:42
    Based on the totipotency theory, each plant cell
  • 00:03:47
    Consists of genetic information and certain physiological instrument to grow
  • 00:03:52
    To develop a complete plant
  • 00:03:53
    When being placed in a suitable environment
  • 00:03:57
    For example, if plant cell is grown in a medium
  • 00:04:01
    consists of root-growing hormone
  • 00:04:03
    Then the plant cell will develop into root
  • 00:04:05
    When the plant cell is grown in a medium consists of shoot-growing hormone
  • 00:04:11
    The plant cell will develop into shoot
  • 00:04:13
    So, what are needed to implement plant tissue culture?
  • 00:04:19
    First, we need a laboratory
  • 00:04:22
    With tissue culture equipment
  • 00:04:25
    As well as greenhouse and nursery
  • 00:04:30
    Second, we need chemicals for making culture media
  • 00:04:35
    Suitable for growing a certain plant
  • 00:04:40
    The chemicals usually consist of macro and micro nutrients
  • 00:04:45
    Then, vitamins, carbohydrate, plant growth regulator, and agar
  • 00:04:55
    Third, we need an aseptic laboratory
  • 00:05:02
    So, we should have a laboratory having a clean condition
  • 00:05:10
    And in an aseptic condition
  • 00:05:14
    What are the stages of tissue culture for plant propagation?
  • 00:05:19
    The simplest phase of tissue culture is micropropagation technique
  • 00:05:26
    The first step of micropropagation is explant sterilization
  • 00:05:30
    Explant is a part of plant taken from the parent plant
  • 00:05:37
    The first stage of explant sterilization is cleaning of explant from
  • 00:05:47
    Microorganisms attached to the explant surface
  • 00:05:51
    As well as microorganisms that live inside the explant
  • 00:05:57
    Because the explant is going to be cultured in an aseptic condition
  • 00:06:03
    Therefore, the explant must be sterile from microorganisms
  • 00:06:11
    For example, in banana plant
  • 00:06:14
    The explant used from banana plant is generally the young shoot taken from banana rhizome
  • 00:06:23
    The shoot explant is cleaned by
  • 00:06:26
    Firstly, cleaning the explant under running water
  • 00:06:31
    Then the explant is soaked in fungicide solution, followed by soaking in bactericide solution
  • 00:06:40
    Then, soaked in disinfectant solution
  • 00:06:44
    Usually, we use sodium hypochlorite
  • 00:06:49
    To kill all attaching microorganisms
  • 00:06:53
    Or microorganisms living inside the shoot explant
  • 00:07:01
    The second step of micropropagation is planting the explant that has gone through the sterilization process
  • 00:07:08
    In a culture medium
  • 00:07:11
    The first culture medium used is the medium for shoot initiation to produce the first in vitro shoot
  • 00:07:20
    Usually, the used medium is medium MS which is abbreviation from medium Murashige and Skoog
  • 00:07:30
    Containing a certain plant growth regulator
  • 00:07:38
    After the first in vitro shoot grows
  • 00:07:43
    The shoot is multiplied, in which the first in vitro shoot obtained
  • 00:07:54
    Is being multiplied in the shoot multiplication medium
  • 00:07:59
    Containing cytokinins functioned for multiplying the shoot
  • 00:08:13
    After getting a plenty amount of cultured shoot
  • 00:08:18
    Several shoots are being sub-cultured in root-induction medium
  • 00:08:24
    The objective is to induce or trigger root growth in an in vitro condition
  • 00:08:32
    After root growth happens, the banana plantlet produced
  • 00:08:36
    Is acclimatized in sterilized soil medium
  • 00:08:42
    The acclimatization container is then covered with transparent plastic sheet
  • 00:08:48
    To keep the high humidity of the soil medium
  • 00:08:57
    After being kept in a covered condition for one month, the plantlets are then planted in soil medium in polybags
  • 00:09:07
    The plantlets are then planted in nursery for three months
  • 00:09:11
    To finally become banana seedlings
  • 00:09:15
    Now, Inja, let’s go to see the banana seedlings produced using tissue culture technique in the nursery
  • 00:09:27
    Inja, these are the banana seedlings produced using tissue culture technique and they are ready to be planted in the field
  • 00:09:38
    They are all thick and fresh
  • 00:09:40
    How much better are seedlings produced by tissue culture technique compared with that by conventional method?
  • 00:09:47
    The superiority of seedlings produced by tissue culture compared with
  • 00:09:50
    Obtaining seedlings from seeds, cutting or grafting
  • 00:09:54
    Firstly, we can produce seedlings in large scale
  • 00:09:58
    The seedlings are uniform and can be produced in a short period of time
  • 00:10:05
    Secondly, we can produce seedings all-year-round without waiting for
  • 00:10:12
    The parent plant to produce flowers or fruits
  • 00:10:16
    Thirdly, if the explants are originated from superior parent plant
  • 00:10:22
    For example, seedlings originated from superior banana plant having excellent fruits
  • 00:10:28
    With plenty of excellent banana bunches, when being propagated using tissue culture technique
  • 00:10:36
    The explants will produce banana seedlings having superior characters just like the parent banana plant
  • 00:10:41
    So, the banana seedlings will have excellent fruits with plenty of excellent banana bunches
  • 00:10:46
    Thank you very much Bu Erina for explaining to us about tissue culture
  • 00:11:00
    Now, it is time to end this session
  • 00:11:03
    With tissue culture technique, we hope to produce quality seedlings for the community
  • 00:11:09
    For further information, or for directly learn about plant tissue culture
  • 00:11:15
    Please visit SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor
  • 00:11:20
    I am Inja Nurelia Hayat, see you in the next educational video
Tags
  • Tissue Culture
  • SEAMEO BIOTROP
  • Plant Propagation
  • Cell Totipotency
  • Laboratory Techniques
  • Aseptic Environment
  • Micropropagation
  • Seedlings
  • Plant Growth
  • Educational Video