Enzymes: The Induced Fit Model

00:01:53
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVoytz_3H_s

Résumé

TLDREnzymes are specialized proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. They bind to specific molecules called substrates at their active sites to convert them into products through a series of reactions. The active site fits substrates like a key fits a lock, and the shape of the active site can change slightly to optimize this fit, known as the induced fit model. Each enzyme has ideal conditions, such as pH and temperature, for maximum efficiency, and deviations from these conditions can lead to denaturation, compromising the enzyme's structure and function.

A retenir

  • 🔬 Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells.
  • 🗝️ The active site is where substrates bind.
  • 🔄 The induced fit model allows enzymes to adjust shape for better substrate fit.
  • ⚖️ Enzymes work best under optimal conditions of pH and temperature.
  • ⚠️ Denaturation occurs when enzymes are exposed to unfavorable conditions.
  • 💧 Optimal environments are crucial for maintaining enzyme activity.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:01:53

    Enzymes are proteins that enhance chemical reactions within cells. The active site is where enzyme activity occurs, allowing enzymes to bind to substrates and convert them into different products. After the reaction, the products are released, and the enzyme can act on another substrate. The enzyme-substrate fit is likened to a key fitting into a lock, and most enzymes are specific to a single substrate due to this unique fit. The active site can change slightly to accommodate the substrate, known as the induced fit model. Enzymes function best under optimal conditions, such as specific pH and temperature; deviations from these conditions may lead to a loss of enzyme configuration and a decrease in activity, a phenomenon referred to as denaturation.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What are enzymes?

    Enzymes are protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells.

  • What is the active site of an enzyme?

    The active site is the region where enzyme activity takes place, binding substrates.

  • What does the induced fit model explain?

    It explains how an enzyme changes shape slightly to fit a substrate better.

  • What happens during denaturation?

    Denaturation occurs when environmental conditions are not optimal, causing the enzyme to lose its shape and activity.

  • What factors affect enzyme activity?

    Factors like pH and temperature influence the efficiency of enzymes.

  • Can enzymes work on multiple substrates?

    Most enzymes are specific and can fit only one substrate.

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Sous-titres
en
Défilement automatique:
  • 00:00:06
    Enzymes are protein molecules that speed up
  • 00:00:10
    chemical reactions in the cell. A special region in
  • 00:00:14
    the enzyme, called the active site, is the area where enzyme
  • 00:00:18
    activity takes place. An enzyme works by binding
  • 00:00:22
    to molecules, called substrates, at its active site.
  • 00:00:26
    The job of the enzyme is to convert the substrate into a
  • 00:00:30
    different product or products, through a series of chemical reactions.
  • 00:00:34
    Following the reactions, the products are released
  • 00:00:38
    and the enzyme is free to act on another substrate.
  • 00:00:43
    At the active site, the substrate should fit into the enzyme
  • 00:00:47
    almost like a key fits into a lock. Because
  • 00:00:51
    of this, most enzymes can fit only one substrate.
  • 00:00:55
    To accomplish this lock and key fit, the active site undergoes
  • 00:00:59
    a slight change in shape, in order to better accommodate the substrate.
  • 00:01:03
    This is called the induced fit model, because the enzyme
  • 00:01:07
    is induced to undergo small changes, so that the substrate
  • 00:01:11
    can achieve optimum fit. All enzymes
  • 00:01:15
    have optimal environmental conditions that are correlated with maximum
  • 00:01:19
    enzyme activity. Environmental conditions,
  • 00:01:23
    such as pH and temperature, play a role in how efficient
  • 00:01:27
    the enzyme is in conducting its reactions. When
  • 00:01:31
    conditions are less than optimal, an enzyme will lose its configuration
  • 00:01:35
    and slow its activity.
  • 00:01:37
    This is due to a change in the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme,
  • 00:01:41
    and is called denaturation.
Tags
  • enzymes
  • active site
  • substrates
  • induced fit
  • denaturation
  • pH
  • temperature
  • catalysis
  • chemical reactions
  • protein structure