Structure and Function of a Cell | Cell Organelles | Biology

00:07:08
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS-kn6zfOgA

Summary

TLDRCells are composed of key parts such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane functions as a selectively permeable barrier, managing the intake of essential elements and expulsion of waste. The cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance, houses organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, and others, and conducts vital cellular reactions including protein synthesis and respiration. The nucleus holds DNA, the cell’s blueprint, and operates as the cell's control center. Ribosomes, formed in the nucleolus, produce proteins for cell maintenance. The endoplasmic reticulum assists in protein synthesis (rough ER with ribosomes) or lipid production (smooth ER without ribosomes). The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for cellular use or export. Mitochondria produce energy via ATP, while lysosomes digest waste. Finally, vacuoles store essential materials and waste, with different sizes seen in plant versus animal cells.

Takeaways

  • 🦠 Cells have three main components: the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
  • 🛡️ The cell membrane is selectively permeable, managing substances entering and leaving the cell.
  • 🔥 Cellular activities like protein production and respiration occur in the cytoplasm.
  • 📚 The nucleus contains DNA and serves as the cell's control center.
  • ⚙️ Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, crucial for cell growth and repair.
  • 🔄 Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER focuses on lipid production and detoxification.
  • 📦 The Golgi apparatus modifies and packs proteins for transport.
  • ⚡ Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP.
  • 🧹 Lysosomes digest cellular waste and old cell parts.
  • 🗄️ Vacuoles store nutrients, water, and waste materials within the cell.
  • 🌿 Plant cells have a large central vacuole, while animal cells contain multiple smaller vacuoles.
  • 🔬 Exploring plant vs. animal cell differences will be covered in future content.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:08

    The basic structure and functions of a cell are outlined, emphasizing three main components: the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, allowing essential substances like water and oxygen to enter the cell while expelling waste like carbon dioxide. The cytoplasm provides shape and is involved in cellular processes such as protein synthesis and respiration. The nucleus, described as the control center, contains DNA, which dictates cell functions and development, and forms ribosomal RNA for protein synthesis.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is the role of the cell membrane?

    The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that allows essential materials like water and oxygen to enter the cell while removing waste products like carbon dioxide.

  • What functions occur in the cytoplasm?

    The cytoplasm is where cellular functions such as protein synthesis, respiration, and cell division (mitosis and meiosis) occur.

  • What does the nucleus do in a cell?

    The nucleus contains DNA, serving as the control center for cell activities and containing the nucleolus which produces ribosomal RNA.

  • How do ribosomes contribute to cell function?

    Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, providing proteins necessary for cell growth and repair.

  • What distinguishes rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and assists in protein synthesis, while smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid production and detoxification.

  • What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

    The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins and other materials within or outside the cell.

  • How does mitochondria generate energy?

    Mitochondria are the cell's power stations, producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration.

  • What is the function of lysosomes?

    Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, detoxify the cell, and digest cellular debris.

  • What are vacuoles and their functions?

    Vacuoles are storage organelles within cells that store water, nutrients, and waste materials.

  • How do plant and animal cells differ?

    Plant cells typically contain a single large vacuole, whereas animal cells have many smaller vacuoles.

View more video summaries

Get instant access to free YouTube video summaries powered by AI!
Subtitles
en
Auto Scroll:
  • 00:00:00
    what is the structure and function of a
  • 00:00:02
    cell
  • 00:00:03
    well there are three common parts exist
  • 00:00:05
    in any cell
  • 00:00:06
    like cell membrane cytoplasm and nucleus
  • 00:00:10
    or dna now what is cell membrane
  • 00:00:13
    it is the selective permeable membrane
  • 00:00:16
    which allows certain materials to pass
  • 00:00:18
    through
  • 00:00:19
    for example it allows essential
  • 00:00:21
    ingredients to
  • 00:00:23
    enter to the cell like water and oxygen
  • 00:00:27
    secondly cell membrane remove toxic
  • 00:00:29
    substances
  • 00:00:30
    out of the cell like carbon dioxide and
  • 00:00:33
    waste products
  • 00:00:35
    thus cell membrane allow good products
  • 00:00:37
    to enter to the cell
  • 00:00:39
    and remove waste products out of the
  • 00:00:41
    cell
  • 00:00:42
    now what is cytoplasm cytoplasm is the
  • 00:00:45
    thick
  • 00:00:46
    jelly-like structure and it provides
  • 00:00:48
    shape to the cell
  • 00:00:50
    it means that different shapes of the
  • 00:00:52
    cell are due to the different shapes of
  • 00:00:54
    the cytoplasm
  • 00:00:56
    all the cellular functions are cellular
  • 00:00:58
    reactions
  • 00:00:59
    take place here in the cytoplasm for
  • 00:01:02
    example
  • 00:01:03
    protein formation occur in the cytoplasm
  • 00:01:06
    respiration occur in the cytoplasm
  • 00:01:08
    mitosis and meiosis occur and the
  • 00:01:11
    cytoplasm
  • 00:01:12
    secondly all important organelles are
  • 00:01:15
    present
  • 00:01:16
    in the cytoplasm like mitochondria
  • 00:01:19
    ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:01:22
    golgi bodies lysosome which we will
  • 00:01:25
    discuss later
  • 00:01:26
    in this lecture now what is nucleus well
  • 00:01:29
    nucleus contains dna dna is a booklet of
  • 00:01:33
    information
  • 00:01:34
    this booklet of information is the
  • 00:01:37
    blueprint of
  • 00:01:38
    all the functions taking place in the
  • 00:01:40
    cell
  • 00:01:41
    secondly nucleus is the control center
  • 00:01:44
    of a cell
  • 00:01:44
    or king of the cell it controls all the
  • 00:01:48
    activities
  • 00:01:48
    occurring within the cell for example
  • 00:01:51
    nucleus controls how
  • 00:01:53
    cell should develop half cell should
  • 00:01:55
    survive or grow
  • 00:01:57
    how cells should reproduce etc thirdly
  • 00:02:00
    nucleus contains nucleolus it forms
  • 00:02:03
    ribosomal rna
  • 00:02:05
    a ribosomes the newly made ribosomes are
  • 00:02:08
    transported
  • 00:02:09
    out of the cell through the nuclear
  • 00:02:11
    pores to the cytoplasm
  • 00:02:13
    where they can do their job now what are
  • 00:02:16
    ribosomes
  • 00:02:17
    well ribosomes are floating organelles
  • 00:02:20
    and the cytoplasm they make proteins
  • 00:02:24
    needed for the cell for example
  • 00:02:26
    ribosomes makes protein for the growth
  • 00:02:29
    of the cell
  • 00:02:30
    ribosomes make proteins for the
  • 00:02:32
    repairing of the cell
  • 00:02:33
    to learn about the ribosomes and protein
  • 00:02:36
    formation
  • 00:02:37
    we must understand endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:02:40
    endoplasmic reticulum are of two types
  • 00:02:43
    rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth
  • 00:02:46
    endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:02:47
    the main difference between them is that
  • 00:02:50
    rough endoplasmic reticulum contains
  • 00:02:52
    ribosomes
  • 00:02:53
    and smooth endoplasmic reticulum does
  • 00:02:56
    not contain
  • 00:02:57
    any ribosomes it means that smooth
  • 00:03:00
    endoplasmic reticulum does not produce
  • 00:03:02
    any protein because it has no ribosomes
  • 00:03:06
    but it produces lipids or cholesterols
  • 00:03:10
    etc secondly it also does detoxification
  • 00:03:14
    it means that breaking down of the toxic
  • 00:03:17
    substances
  • 00:03:18
    within the cell now coming to the rough
  • 00:03:21
    endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:03:23
    we know that it contains ribosomes and
  • 00:03:26
    ribosomes form protein
  • 00:03:28
    then what is the function of rough
  • 00:03:29
    endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:03:31
    well it helps the ribosomes to produce
  • 00:03:34
    proteins
  • 00:03:35
    secondly rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • 00:03:38
    pick
  • 00:03:38
    or enclose the proteins and vesicles
  • 00:03:42
    now what are vesicles vesicles are the
  • 00:03:45
    trucks within the cell
  • 00:03:46
    i mean vesicles are the drug inside the
  • 00:03:49
    cell
  • 00:03:50
    they transport substances within the
  • 00:03:52
    cell from
  • 00:03:53
    one part to another the protein formed
  • 00:03:56
    by the ribosomes
  • 00:03:57
    and packed by the rough endoplasmic
  • 00:03:59
    reticulum is transported by the vesicles
  • 00:04:02
    to the golgi body also known as a golgi
  • 00:04:06
    apparatus
  • 00:04:07
    golgi is the name of the scientist who
  • 00:04:09
    discovered
  • 00:04:10
    it remember that golgi body is the port
  • 00:04:13
    of the
  • 00:04:14
    cell where things are collected packed
  • 00:04:17
    and exported golgi body receives
  • 00:04:20
    proteins from
  • 00:04:21
    rough endoplasmic reticulum it modifies
  • 00:04:24
    the protein by giving them proper shape
  • 00:04:27
    for example it will add lipids or carbs
  • 00:04:30
    to the protein
  • 00:04:31
    and change the shape of the proteins
  • 00:04:33
    because ship of the proteins
  • 00:04:35
    play a pivotal role in its function
  • 00:04:38
    after this golgi body will pick the
  • 00:04:41
    protein and vesicles
  • 00:04:43
    finally vesicles of the proteins are
  • 00:04:45
    delivered to the targeted destination
  • 00:04:48
    both within are outside the cell for
  • 00:04:50
    example
  • 00:04:51
    golgi body will send proteins to the
  • 00:04:53
    damaged part of the cell
  • 00:04:55
    for repairing by the help of vesicles
  • 00:04:58
    until now we learn that ribosomes are
  • 00:05:01
    formed by the nucleolus
  • 00:05:03
    and the nucleus ribosomes synthesize
  • 00:05:06
    proteins
  • 00:05:07
    a rough endoplasmic reticulum peg the
  • 00:05:09
    protein in the vesicles
  • 00:05:11
    and transport them to the golgi body
  • 00:05:14
    golgi body provides specific ship
  • 00:05:17
    and prepare the protein for a specific
  • 00:05:20
    task
  • 00:05:21
    finally golgi body sends it to the
  • 00:05:23
    targeted destination to perform its
  • 00:05:26
    function
  • 00:05:27
    now what is mitochondria well
  • 00:05:29
    mitochondria is the power station of the
  • 00:05:31
    cell
  • 00:05:32
    for instance in our daily life power
  • 00:05:35
    station provides electricity
  • 00:05:37
    or power to the city similarly
  • 00:05:39
    mitochondria provides energy to each and
  • 00:05:42
    every part of the cell
  • 00:05:44
    mitochondria also contains its own dna
  • 00:05:47
    different from the dna of the nucleus in
  • 00:05:50
    mitochondria
  • 00:05:51
    cellular respiration takes place for
  • 00:05:54
    example
  • 00:05:55
    glucose will combine with oxygen to
  • 00:05:57
    release energy
  • 00:05:58
    in the form of atp and carbon dioxide
  • 00:06:02
    gas
  • 00:06:02
    is produced as a waste product energy
  • 00:06:05
    produced
  • 00:06:06
    in the form of atp by the mitochondria
  • 00:06:09
    is then transported to each and every
  • 00:06:11
    part of the cell
  • 00:06:12
    now what is lysosome well it is
  • 00:06:15
    digestive part of the cell
  • 00:06:17
    it contains digestive enzymes here
  • 00:06:20
    food is broken down for example
  • 00:06:23
    like carbohydrates are converted to
  • 00:06:26
    glucose
  • 00:06:27
    proteins are converted to amino acids
  • 00:06:30
    finally what is vehicule well vehicules
  • 00:06:33
    are called storehouse of the cell
  • 00:06:36
    because vehicules store water food
  • 00:06:40
    mineral salts nutrients waste products
  • 00:06:43
    etc the size of vehicules may vary
  • 00:06:47
    in different organisms for example an
  • 00:06:50
    animal cell
  • 00:06:51
    there are many smaller vecules while in
  • 00:06:54
    plant cell
  • 00:06:55
    there is only one enlarged vacuole
  • 00:06:58
    now what about animal and plant cell
  • 00:07:00
    well to learn about
  • 00:07:02
    them watch our next lecture
Tags
  • cell structure
  • cell functions
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • ribosomes
  • Golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • lysosome
  • vacuole