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hey there folks welcome back to our
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third installment uh this is the age of
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Reform the eras we're covering are years
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rather
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um 1828 to 1860. So today we're talking
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about part three age perform you know
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what there were a lot of different
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reform movements that were happening
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during this period in history so uh this
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is sort of going to be a fly-by night
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like big picture
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um what you uh which reform movements
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you need to know and some big picture
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ideas about all of them will go into
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deeper detail about these ideas in class
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but without further Ado let's go so
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oh reform is basically you want change
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that's going to improve things right
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that's what you want to make things
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better that's the whole point right so
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what were are our main impulses in this
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well there was a big amount of faith in
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human nature right and this is
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stemming from the Enlightenment and it's
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stemming from the era of Romanticism in
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uh in in Europe but we had this big
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faith in what people could achieve and
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what human beings could actually make
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happen we at this point there was a lot
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of believedness a lot of believiness wow
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can't be just making up words there Miss
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blank
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um there was a lot of big belief in the
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goodness of the individual a desire for
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order and control things were really
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chaotic things were kind of all over the
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place we've got a lot of different stuff
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political economic social cultural a lot
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of stuff happening so we wanted some way
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to like sort of get it under control
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right I wanted to remake Society to make
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it better and there were a lot of
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religious and moral impulses to this oh
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pardon me
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so what isms and stuff are we looking at
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well we're going to take a look at
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Romanticism we're going to look at the
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transcendentalists which were basically
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the American version of the European
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Romantics we're going to look at utopian
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societies the Second Great Awakening the
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temperance Crusade women's suffrage and
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of course abolition okay so without
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let's keep going
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so these were the key movements that you
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need to know about okay the
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transcendentalist movement the
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Abolitionist Movement early suffrage
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this is not to be confused with feminism
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feminism is different we're talking
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about women's suffrage okay that's what
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we're talking about and all the
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additional details about all of these in
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later video lessons also the Second
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Great Awakening
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so what were transcendentals like
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fundamentally what were these people
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they believed in this ideal spiritual
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state that transcends and what
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transcends means is to rise above or go
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beyond the physical and empirical world
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and they were trying to achieve that
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okay and so they were these were a
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collection of very different they're
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very eclectic unique ideas including
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philosophy literature religious social
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reform and also just coming out of
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American culture it was very
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individualistic it was not a religion
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okay transcendentalism is not a religion
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it's a philosophy or a spiritual state
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of being and these folks favor intuition
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over the rational or physical this is in
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stark contrast to the enlightenment the
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enlightenment distrusted emotion they
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were all about rational and the physical
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the Here and Now whereas
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transcendentalists were were sort of the
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American not sort of they were the
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American version of The Romantics where
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they were looking at intuition as an
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emotion and the the truth in that and
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then exploring those items uh exploring
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those things could actually help you
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achieve this ideal spiritual state right
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so that's what the transcendentalists
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were all about
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now here's the historical progression of
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it just so you have some context so
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again like I said this came out of
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European Romanticism okay from the 18th
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and 19th centuries the European
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Romanticism was a response to the
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enlightenment movement of the 18th
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century right so the key thinkers and
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authors of the Enlightenment were these
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guys okay and so uh Romanticism and
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transcendentalism we're looking to
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challenge a lot of the ideas that were
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laid out by these folks okay
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just you have some historical context
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for that so uh in the United States like
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I said this is American version of
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Romanticism and we're going to be
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reading some of these folks we're going
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to look at Emerson we're going to look
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at the row we're going to look at
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Margaret Fuller okay so in the early
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19th century these transcendentalists
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worked with religious social reformers
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they wanted to improve education and
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living conditions and also the political
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rights of minorities but the idea also
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went along with Manifest Destiny the
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idea United States is God's chosen
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country right and Mission to expand
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Westward right so in the late night late
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19th century there is a split from the
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religious movement remember early the
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transcendentalists were working with
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religious social reformers but in the
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latter part of the 19th century they
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split and you have the development of
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independent American art forms of which
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this piece of art right over here is an
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example of transcendentalist art
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so the Abolitionist Movement right the
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Abolitionist Movement started really in
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the 1820s there were people around
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before then but as a formal really
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understood Movement we talked about the
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1820s uh and the the goal of abolition
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is uh abolitionist was to free slaves to
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end slavery in the United States uh a
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real important leader in this was
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William Lloyd Garrison he was a rabid
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abolitionist and he actually advocated
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for violence if necessary he's like if
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these people will not see the error of
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their ways and end slavery then if we
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have to fight that's what we have to do
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not all abolitionists advocated that
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route but a William Lloyd Garrison was
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very vocal and very involved in the
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Abolitionist Movement and he did call
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for violence uh an abolitionist wanted
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the immediate emancipation of all slaves
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slavery is a moral stain on on the
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fabric of the United States it must end
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and it must end now uh they didn't want
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there was no such thing as the capacity
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for compromise with slavery needed to be
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ended uniform normally
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so key arguments of William Lee Garrison
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was that it undermined Republican values
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there should be no compensation because
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how dare you ask for compensation when
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you are enslaving a living being a
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person a human being you don't deserve
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compensation you never should have had
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this in the first place this is a moral
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issue it's not economic according to
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Garrison but as in most things you can
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trace a lot of problems down and a lot
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of historical events back to economic
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issues and this is no different
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Harriet Tubman
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essential essential abolitionist at this
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time period she ran the Underground
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Railroad which carried and helped slaves
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in the South get to freedom in the north
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okay and so there were there were
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stations in homes barns in the middle of
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the woods in some cases in various
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trails north
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um she went on 19 missions herself and
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personally freed over 300 people
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um but she was integral instrumental
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essential in actually establishing the
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Underground Railroad in and of itself so
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Harriet Tubman really important person
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for you to know historically she's
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really really key
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Frederick Douglass is another
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abolitionist he is a former slave
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himself uh he published the North Star
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which was an abolitionist magazine and a
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narrative of the Life of Frederick
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Douglass his own life in an effort to
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show people who weren't aware
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of what slavery was doing just how bad
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it was it was an extraordinarily
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powerful order an amazing writer a truly
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gifted human being you must must know
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about Frederick Douglass very very
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important
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Harriet Beecher Stowe also important now
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one of the what are the problems was
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that a lot of people in North didn't
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realize how bad slavery was and the
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South did a pretty good job with
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propaganda showing slaves and like
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idyllic conditions and Masters were
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benevolent people who treated their
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slaves well and which is it's all a Croc
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that's a lie that's crap that's not
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accurate in any stretch of the
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imagination but the South was very
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successful with this propaganda and
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Harry Peter Stowe said nah we got to do
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something about this so she wrote this
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book called Uncle Tom's Cabin uh to
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depicting the horrors of slavery trying
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to put a a human face to the savagery
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and the awfulness and just the
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inhumanity that was slavery and she was
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extraordinarily successful and it was a
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runaway bestseller people in the north
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just like stopped it up like crazy
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um I mean ten thousand copies in its
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first week three hundred thousand in his
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first year I think Great Britain over a
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million cops one and a half million
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copies in one year that's incredible uh
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now you have to think about like it
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doesn't sound that big of a deal like
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for today but you have to think about
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like what technology was then that's an
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obscene amount for just one book and it
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really opened up the eyes of a lot of
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Northerners as to how bad slavery was uh
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this uh garnered a lot more support for
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the Abolitionist Movement got a lot more
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people involved so this is a really
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historically significant thing
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now let's talk about women folks so
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um there's this thing called The Cult of
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Domesticity I'll talk about that in a
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second but basically the women's
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suffrage movement was just kind of
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barely inking along uh for the the first
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uh almost half of the um of the uh uh
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sorry 1800 of the 1800s forgot what I
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was talking about for a second uh women
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were active in all the reform movements
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so you need to make a note of that
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without women there is no reform they
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were active in all of them and in the
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1840s the movement for suffrage for
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women kicks into high high gear
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um opportunities there was a massive
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increase uh for women to become educated
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so that also drove women involvement and
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their desire uh and their ability to be
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involved uh there was a separate spheres
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concept this Cult of Dome of Sicily so
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for women it was the home outside the
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home that was men but for women it was
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the home and they had a role to civilize
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their husband and family okay so there
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was this idea in the and this is where
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it really distinguishes itself from
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feminism you do not want to confuse
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these two movements feminism is much
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much later all right we're talking the
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20th century it's not that's not what
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we're talking about here so women were
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charged with civilizing their husband
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and their family and the moral education
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of the family and it is it from that
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sector that they derive their
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authenticity and their Authority in uh
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asserting that if women are responsible
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for the moral direction of this country
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women need to have the vote so they can
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help shape the moral direction of this
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country so the separate spheres concept
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is Cult of Domesticity uh really comes
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into play during the women's suffrage
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movement
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now something you should know all these
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things women couldn't do
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and you can read that for yourself you
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want me to read them read it to you but
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women could do none of these things so
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effectively once you're married you
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become the property of your husband
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that's it your husband can do whatever
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you want so
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but there even though you could be
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single and own your own property there
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were a lot of barriers that effectively
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prevented women from being like for a
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lot of women the only option to survive
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was to marry so even though as a single
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woman you could own your own property
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was very difficult to do
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so the Second Great Awakening this is
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our next Reform movement so this took
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place from about 1790s to the 1830s and
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there was a very deep focus on personal
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conversion and individual Perfection so
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uh and during this time this is where it
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sort of comes into the age of Reform the
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goal was to turn religious energies
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towards social reform you want to cure
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the the the the ills of society
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this is uh mirrored in the temperance
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movement which was movement against
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alcohol the Banning of alcohol this
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would culminate in prohibition but that
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is a later video Lesson
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so I do recommend you check out this
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link and take some notes on this it'll
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give you more details about the Second
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Great Awakening
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all right so I I want us to kind of
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understand what we're looking at because
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the first Great Awakening there were two
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great Awakenings right so the first one
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was in 1730s about the 1770s and the
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second one which is what we're focusing
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on right now is 1790s 1840s so I just
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want you to understand that there are
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distinct differences
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um but there are also similarities so
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the first two bullets you see are the
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same okay
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uh the third bullet is the same now this
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is where things diverge you have mass
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convergence of people in the Second
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Great Awakening you don't have that in
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the first there's retaliation by God for
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the sins of humanity okay and that is
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not present in the Second Great
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Awakening you have internal moral reform
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that's going to result
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in outward social reform and God was
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benevolent and nature was an extension
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of Heaven okay so the first credit
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Awaken was all about Hellfire and
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brimstone and Humanity's bad and you're
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just lucky that God loves us you know
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because but God has to punish us in
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order to save us that's not at all the
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Second Great Awakening was like Yay God
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is good and Nature's beautiful and God
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loves us and let's fix everything that's
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wrong you know as a whole different vibe
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okay a whole different vibe the Second
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Great Awakening
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you should make note of that
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so these are all connected to the Second
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Great Awakening so this is why it's so
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significant because it's about religion
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but it doesn't just stay in religion
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okay it it this religion had to be
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expanded and actually have societal
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impact you have the temperance movement
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Banning alcohol you have the treatment
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of the mentally insane and prison system
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there's massive reforms there you have
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the ending of slavery you have women's
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rights and suffrage you have education
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available for people all of these are
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connected to the spiritual desire to
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serve God by curing these things right
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so all the stems from the Second Great
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Awakening these all these movements are
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inextricably linked you can't say one
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that can do anything without the others
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they're all connected
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so key ideas from part three that I want
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you to take with you as you go women
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suffrage you need to know what that is
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you know what abolitionism is you need
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to know about transcendentalism okay
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these are the key key movements from uh
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from this PowerPoint about the age of
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Reform and that wraps us up folks I hope
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you guys learn what you needed to and I
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will see you in the next video
