Macbeth Act 1 Scene 4 - Explanation in English | ISC Class 11 | English with Sudhir Sir | SWS

00:27:21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6-fO9G0v0w

Summary

TLDRIn Act 1, Scene 4 of "Macbeth," significant developments unfold at Duncan's Palace in Forres. King Duncan inquires about the execution of the treasonous Thane of Cawdor, and Malcolm reports on the execution, highlighting the Thane's repentance and noble death. Duncan then announces Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland, designating him as heir to the Scottish throne. This surprise announcement heightens Macbeth's internal conflict and ambition, as he realizes a new obstacle stands between him and the throne. Duncan praises Macbeth and Banquo for their loyalty and valor, unaware of Macbeth's dark intentions. Macbeth resolves to deal with this new impediment, while Duncan plans to visit Macbeth’s castle, unknowingly setting the stage for his own demise. This scene foreshadows the unfolding betrayal and ambition-driven actions that will mark Macbeth's journey.

Takeaways

  • 🗡️ Macbeth's ambitions are stirred upon hearing the prophecy.
  • 👑 Duncan names Malcolm as heir, heightening Macbeth's inner conflict.
  • 🕵️‍♂️ Malcolm reports the Thane of Cawdor's repentance and noble death.
  • 🤝 Duncan's trusting nature foreshadows his downfall.
  • ⚔️ Macbeth sees Malcolm as an obstacle to overcome for the throne.
  • 🎭 Dramatic irony plays out with Duncan speaking of trust while entrusting traitors.
  • 🏰 Duncan praises Macbeth, setting the stage for betrayal.
  • 🗣️ Banquo acts as a moral foil to Macbeth.
  • 🌌 Macbeth invokes darkness to hide his dark desires.
  • 🚶‍♂️ Duncan plans to visit Macbeth's castle, leading to fatal outcomes.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Meth and Banko begin to believe in the prophecy as Duncan inquires about the execution of the Thane of Coder. Malcolm reports the Thane's confession and repentance, which was nobler than his life. Duncan reflects on the impossibility of discerning a person’s true nature by appearance, indicating his misplaced trust.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Duncan laments his misplaced trust after the Thane of Coder's execution. He fails to see through Meth's deceit, who enters just as Duncan speaks on trust's inability to judge character. This moment foreshadows Meth's betrayal as he conceals his ambitions behind feigned loyalty to Duncan.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Duncan expresses his gratitude and overpraises Meth for his service, unknowingly fueling Meth's hidden ambitions. Duncan's declaration of his son Malcolm as the heir increases Meth's urgency to act on his ambitions, as this announcement is an obstacle to his path to kingship.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Meth realizes that to fulfill his ambition of becoming king, he must now eliminate both Duncan and Malcolm. His aside reveals his dark desires, contrasting his outward expression of loyalty. Duncan, unaware of Meth's intentions, announces his visit to Meth’s castle, setting the stage for future betrayal.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:27:21

    The scene closes as Duncan praises Meth's valor and plans the visit to his castle, remaining oblivious to Meth's true intentions. The significant declarations of Malcolm's succession and Duncan's impending visit highlight the ironic trust Duncan places in Meth, setting the stage for the tragedy that follows.

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Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Where does Act 1 Scene 4 take place?

    It takes place in Duncan's Palace at Forres.

  • Why is Duncan interested in the execution of the Thane of Cawdor?

    Duncan wants to know if the Thane of Cawdor has been executed as he was punished for treason.

  • What does Malcolm report about the Thane of Cawdor's execution?

    Malcolm reports that the Thane of Cawdor confessed his treason, begged for pardon, and showed deep repentance before being executed.

  • How does Malcolm describe the Thane of Cawdor's death?

    Malcolm describes it as noble, saying the Thane of Cawdor died with dignity and repentance, better than anything he did in life.

  • What key announcement does Duncan make in this scene?

    Duncan announces Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland and his heir to the throne.

  • How does Macbeth react to Duncan’s announcement of Malcolm as his successor?

    Macbeth sees Malcolm as a new obstacle to his ambition to become king and realizes he must overcome or eliminate this challenge.

  • What does Macbeth resolve in his aside?

    Macbeth resolves that he must decide whether to step over Malcolm or give up his ambition.

  • How does Duncan view Macbeth and Banquo in this scene?

    Duncan sees them as loyal and commendable subjects, deserving of praise and rewards.

  • What irony is presented in Duncan's perception of trust?

    Duncan’s lack of discernment is ironic because while speaking of trust, he unknowingly entrusts Macbeth, who will betray him.

  • What does Duncan plan towards the end of the scene?

    Duncan plans to visit Macbeth’s castle at Inverness, setting the stage for upcoming treachery.

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  • 00:00:02
    act 1 scene 4 I hope you have seen the
  • 00:00:05
    first three scene explanation videos now
  • 00:00:07
    we move to action scene 4 the action in
  • 00:00:10
    scene 4 and in a sense you get this idea
  • 00:00:13
    that things are now beginning to move
  • 00:00:15
    because the prophecy has been heard by
  • 00:00:17
    both meth and banko he also knows that
  • 00:00:21
    he's going to become the thing of coder
  • 00:00:23
    and therefore his Ambitions are now
  • 00:00:26
    beginning to kind of take Wings he's
  • 00:00:29
    beginning to think that yes maybe just
  • 00:00:31
    just like the prophecy for the th of
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    cter has come true that he has become
  • 00:00:35
    the th of cter he could also become the
  • 00:00:38
    King of Scotland so let's move to scene
  • 00:00:41
    four which takes place in Duncan's
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    Palace at FS it's spelled as f o r r e s
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    but the pronunciation is like f a wz
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    FS the palace there is the sound of the
  • 00:00:56
    trumpets Duncan Malcolm Don Albin lenx
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    and attendant
  • 00:01:00
    enter Duncan says is execution done on
  • 00:01:04
    the thing of cter has he been executed
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    because that was the punishment which
  • 00:01:09
    had been Meed out to the thing of coder
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    are not those in commission yet returned
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    that is those who was supposed to carry
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    out the task of executing the thing of
  • 00:01:19
    Corder have they not returned yet so
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    he's inquiring from uh Malcolm Don Albin
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    Lenox and other attendants Malcolm says
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    my leech they are not yet come back but
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    I have spoke with one that saw him die
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    so he says Lee means my Lord okay so uh
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    the interesting part is that even though
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    even though
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    uh Duncan is his father he doesn't refer
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    to him as hey Dad no you know the guys
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    haven't come back no not that kind of
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    language so he's being rather formal
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    because they do realize that they are in
  • 00:01:59
    a Palace and they are in a formal setup
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    where there are other attendants also
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    present so this is my Lord okay this
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    Malcolm they are not yet come back but I
  • 00:02:10
    have spoke with one that saw him die
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    someone who saw the thing of coder being
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    executed who did report who did tell
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    me that very frankly he confessed his
  • 00:02:22
    treasons that he confessed that he had
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    indeed betrayed the King of Scotland
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    implode your highness's pardon that is
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    Begg the your pardon that is that you
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    should forgive him in his last moments
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    and set forth a deep repentance that he
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    was extremely repentant about
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    regret regretted what he had done okay
  • 00:02:45
    so this is him reporting about what had
  • 00:02:47
    happened to the thing of coder nothing
  • 00:02:49
    in his life became him like the leaving
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    it he died as one had been studied in
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    his death now these lines are
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    interesting what is he saying is that
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    while he begged your highness's
  • 00:03:01
    forgiveness and displayed great regret
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    right repentance for his action he did
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    nothing in his life listen carefully he
  • 00:03:09
    did nothing in his life which was as
  • 00:03:12
    Noble as the way he died so it shows a
  • 00:03:15
    certain sense of let me say arrogance on
  • 00:03:19
    part of Malcolm saying that you know
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    there is
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    nothing all his life whatever it did
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    that paed in comparison to the manner in
  • 00:03:27
    which he died as though the manner in
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    which he died
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    the execution that had been ordered by
  • 00:03:32
    his father the King of Scotland King
  • 00:03:34
    Duncan had made that moment of his death
  • 00:03:38
    much more significant than whatever he
  • 00:03:40
    had done in his entire life so that
  • 00:03:42
    shows a sense of you know superiority
  • 00:03:45
    that you can actually end someone's life
  • 00:03:48
    and actually think that that moment of
  • 00:03:49
    his death of course he's saying it
  • 00:03:52
    because he has regretted and he has kind
  • 00:03:54
    of begged for uh the forgiveness from
  • 00:03:56
    the King but to think that you know that
  • 00:03:59
    moment of death how can the moment of
  • 00:04:01
    death be the best part of anyone's life
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    think about it right so it shows somehow
  • 00:04:06
    when I read this particular passage by
  • 00:04:08
    Malcolm I kind of disliked this guy you
  • 00:04:11
    know to say that you know his death
  • 00:04:13
    moment was the best moment of his entire
  • 00:04:17
    life okay my
  • 00:04:18
    opinion so he died he did nothing in his
  • 00:04:22
    life which was as Noble in his life
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    which was sorry he did nothing in his
  • 00:04:26
    life which was as Noble as the way he
  • 00:04:28
    died that is living it okay he died as
  • 00:04:31
    one who had been studied in his death he
  • 00:04:34
    died like a man who was prepared studied
  • 00:04:37
    means who had been prepared for it that
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    is someone who had kind of you know
  • 00:04:42
    prepared for this moment when he would
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    actually be killed and he would die so
  • 00:04:48
    he died like a man who was prepared to
  • 00:04:51
    throw away his life it seemed nothing
  • 00:04:53
    was as important in his life than his
  • 00:04:56
    death and he most willingly gave away
  • 00:04:58
    his life why would anyone willingly give
  • 00:05:01
    away his life you know so you're almost
  • 00:05:03
    kind of trying to justify the action
  • 00:05:06
    which has been ordered by the king so uh
  • 00:05:10
    that's how I mean I personally thought
  • 00:05:13
    about this particular passage by Malcolm
  • 00:05:16
    so if you get Ever this thing about you
  • 00:05:18
    know the sense of justice of Duncan well
  • 00:05:21
    I mean he was punishing someone who had
  • 00:05:23
    Rebel fine in uh in kingdoms Etc that
  • 00:05:26
    was something which was like part for
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    the course that was something which was
  • 00:05:30
    acceptable kind of conduct but uh to say
  • 00:05:33
    that you know he was someone who had
  • 00:05:35
    prepared for that moment who willingly
  • 00:05:37
    gave away his life seems a little far
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    fragged to throw away the dearest thing
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    he owed that is your own life as if it
  • 00:05:44
    were a careless TR that is something
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    which is rather insignificant so that's
  • 00:05:50
    how Malcolm puts the uh reports on the
  • 00:05:53
    execution of the thing of cod okay so if
  • 00:05:56
    you get a short question or even a
  • 00:05:59
    reasoning question you should be able to
  • 00:06:01
    deal with this uh with the explanation
  • 00:06:04
    that I have provided you trifle
  • 00:06:05
    essentially means something which is
  • 00:06:07
    insignificant something which is not
  • 00:06:09
    worth thinking about much okay Duncan
  • 00:06:12
    says there is no art to find the mind's
  • 00:06:14
    Construction in the phase he was a
  • 00:06:16
    gentleman on whom I built an absolute
  • 00:06:18
    trust this particular passage is
  • 00:06:21
    significant and I will tell you exactly
  • 00:06:23
    why it is significant now
  • 00:06:27
    uh the interesting part
  • 00:06:30
    okay let me explain it to you first and
  • 00:06:32
    then we will get into it now
  • 00:06:39
    uh yeah so Duncan on the face of it
  • 00:06:42
    would look like he has delivered justice
  • 00:06:44
    but this is the way Malcolm uh describes
  • 00:06:47
    the last moments of the thing of coder
  • 00:06:50
    now Duncan says it is impossible there
  • 00:06:53
    is no art there is no science or there
  • 00:06:55
    is no art by which you can actually know
  • 00:06:59
    the nature of a person by looking at his
  • 00:07:01
    face I look at your face I think you're
  • 00:07:03
    a very nice person but you may be an
  • 00:07:04
    extremely cunning person who may be
  • 00:07:06
    doing something negative for me right so
  • 00:07:09
    how would I actually that's why I always
  • 00:07:11
    say the element of trust that you don't
  • 00:07:14
    I don't know you but I'm trusting and
  • 00:07:16
    trust is a major Bond right a trust is a
  • 00:07:20
    major bond that I am saying that okay I
  • 00:07:22
    will give this to you in the trust that
  • 00:07:25
    you will not betray my trust and you
  • 00:07:26
    will not be sharing it with people who
  • 00:07:28
    should not be given right the notes for
  • 00:07:31
    instance so it is an element of trust
  • 00:07:33
    Duncan is saying that there is no art
  • 00:07:36
    which can tell the nature the character
  • 00:07:38
    of a person simply by looking at his or
  • 00:07:41
    her face coder the thing of coder was a
  • 00:07:44
    gentleman he describes him as a
  • 00:07:47
    gentleman right on whom I built absolute
  • 00:07:50
    trust this is very important extremely
  • 00:07:53
    important please note it down and you
  • 00:07:56
    can use this kind of a key phrase even
  • 00:07:58
    with references to megb and I will tell
  • 00:08:00
    you exactly why you can use that now so
  • 00:08:04
    he says someone I trusted absolutely
  • 00:08:07
    trusted completely okay now the moment
  • 00:08:11
    he has said that enters up hero me so
  • 00:08:15
    you look at the dramatic irony that here
  • 00:08:18
    is someone who is talking about the
  • 00:08:20
    element the quality of trust and the
  • 00:08:23
    moment he says that enter someone who is
  • 00:08:26
    going to betray his trust against
  • 00:08:28
    someone who he has trusted so what does
  • 00:08:31
    it show that Duncan does not have a very
  • 00:08:33
    Discerning kind of a personality he's
  • 00:08:35
    not able to see through people and
  • 00:08:36
    that's what he says you know that there
  • 00:08:38
    is no art to find if this line could has
  • 00:08:42
    he has said it in the context of the
  • 00:08:43
    thing of Corder but he could very well
  • 00:08:45
    be saying it in the context of meth
  • 00:08:48
    right the new thing of coder right so
  • 00:08:51
    thing of coder looked like a gentleman
  • 00:08:53
    betrayed Duncan the new thing of the old
  • 00:08:55
    thing of coder betrayed Duncan the new
  • 00:08:58
    th of coder is also going to betray
  • 00:09:03
    D okay this is important so this passage
  • 00:09:07
    if you get this passage you could get
  • 00:09:09
    questions relating to the Betrayal by
  • 00:09:11
    Duncan about what he feels a whole lot
  • 00:09:14
    of questions can be developed just on
  • 00:09:16
    this one passage the personality of
  • 00:09:18
    Duncan what who is he talking about
  • 00:09:21
    right one question on who is he talking
  • 00:09:23
    about then you can talk about Malcolm
  • 00:09:24
    what he said then one question about
  • 00:09:26
    what it means and then another question
  • 00:09:28
    on what it means as far as meth is
  • 00:09:30
    concerned who enters immediately and
  • 00:09:32
    what does it kind of signify so you see
  • 00:09:34
    I've constructed three four questions
  • 00:09:36
    just based on this two line small
  • 00:09:39
    passage that's how you need to be so
  • 00:09:41
    thoroughly prepared so if you know all
  • 00:09:43
    these things you will not have any
  • 00:09:44
    issues all you need to ensure is that
  • 00:09:47
    you should be able to use the key words
  • 00:09:49
    and the key
  • 00:09:53
    phrases enter mbth banko Ross and Angus
  • 00:09:57
    now oh worthiest cousins so Duncan is
  • 00:10:00
    now addressing meth oh worthiest cousin
  • 00:10:02
    and I've already told you why he refers
  • 00:10:04
    to him as cousin in the earlier video so
  • 00:10:07
    he says I have been feeling guilties the
  • 00:10:10
    sin of my ingratitude that is I have
  • 00:10:13
    been feeling guilty even now was heavy
  • 00:10:16
    on me that it was kind of Weighing on my
  • 00:10:18
    mind Weighing on my shoulders that I
  • 00:10:20
    have been feeling extremely guilty that
  • 00:10:22
    I did not show you enough gratitude
  • 00:10:25
    right so that was kind of Weighing on me
  • 00:10:27
    right you have achieved so much thou had
  • 00:10:31
    so far been Swift swifter swing of
  • 00:10:33
    recompense is slow to overtake thee
  • 00:10:36
    right so he says you have achieved so
  • 00:10:38
    much that even the fastest reward
  • 00:10:41
    recompense it comes from the
  • 00:10:47
    word compensation that is even the best
  • 00:10:51
    reward even the best reward or
  • 00:10:54
    recompense for you that is I compensate
  • 00:10:56
    you for what you have done will be slow
  • 00:10:58
    and not enough that swifter swing it
  • 00:11:00
    will not be enough to overtake thee that
  • 00:11:03
    is it will be slow would thou hadst less
  • 00:11:06
    deserved that the proportion both of
  • 00:11:08
    thanks and payment might have been mine
  • 00:11:10
    so he's saying that if you deserve less
  • 00:11:13
    if you deserved less then perhaps the
  • 00:11:15
    balance between what I can reward and
  • 00:11:17
    what you deserve would have tipped in my
  • 00:11:19
    favor if you deserve less but then you
  • 00:11:22
    deserve a lot more and that becomes a
  • 00:11:25
    problem but right now I have to say that
  • 00:11:27
    I owe you more than I can ever repay so
  • 00:11:30
    that the proportion both of thanks might
  • 00:11:32
    have been mine only doubt I have to say
  • 00:11:34
    more is thy due that is more is due to
  • 00:11:37
    you then what all I can pay so he's
  • 00:11:39
    saying that for all that you have done
  • 00:11:42
    in defeating the Norwegian King in
  • 00:11:45
    getting rid of macdon world I have I owe
  • 00:11:48
    a lot more to you than I can so in that
  • 00:11:51
    sense you
  • 00:11:54
    know that is I am in debt to you that I
  • 00:11:57
    actually need to give you much more then
  • 00:12:00
    I can at this point in
  • 00:12:03
    time so that's what he says to megb so
  • 00:12:07
    what does it show about Duncan that he's
  • 00:12:09
    being extremely over generous in his
  • 00:12:11
    prays to um meth right he's being
  • 00:12:16
    extremely over generous that more is thy
  • 00:12:18
    due than more this is again an important
  • 00:12:20
    line that more is thy due and the moment
  • 00:12:23
    me thinks hears that kind of you know he
  • 00:12:27
    kind of thinks that oh God this guy
  • 00:12:29
    actually owes a lot to me so it almost
  • 00:12:32
    kind of you know he feels justified in
  • 00:12:34
    what he's going to do right mentally you
  • 00:12:35
    think like that right see someone says
  • 00:12:37
    that actually need to give you much more
  • 00:12:39
    so you think that okay if I ask for more
  • 00:12:41
    stuff from him it's okay because that's
  • 00:12:43
    what precisely what he said so Duncan is
  • 00:12:45
    actually being very gracious and rather
  • 00:12:47
    over generous in his praise and that
  • 00:12:50
    inadvertently that ends up Fanning magb
  • 00:12:53
    BET's ambition even more so he thinks
  • 00:12:56
    that yes I can actually demand more from
  • 00:12:59
    him me the service and the Loyalty I owe
  • 00:13:02
    in doing it pays itself but when he
  • 00:13:04
    speaks to Duncan he doesn't let all
  • 00:13:06
    these things come into his mouth in his
  • 00:13:09
    tongue so he speaks the says the right
  • 00:13:11
    thing so he says the chance to serve you
  • 00:13:15
    which is completely because we have
  • 00:13:16
    already seen what magb BET's mind is
  • 00:13:18
    thinking so you see the audience
  • 00:13:21
    actually and the reader actually get to
  • 00:13:22
    see both they know what magm is actually
  • 00:13:25
    thinking and now they are hearing what
  • 00:13:27
    he's saying in public to dunan
  • 00:13:29
    right and through that gap between the
  • 00:13:32
    two you get to get you get a very clear
  • 00:13:36
    glimpse into magb BET's personality so
  • 00:13:39
    he says the chance to serve you and the
  • 00:13:42
    Loyalty that I feel feel towards you and
  • 00:13:45
    the Loyalty the chance to serve you the
  • 00:13:47
    service and the Loyalty that I owe you
  • 00:13:50
    that I feel towards you in doing it that
  • 00:13:53
    itself is compensation that itself is
  • 00:13:56
    pce itself that itself is a reward okay
  • 00:13:59
    so I don't really need anything else
  • 00:14:02
    more than that right your highness's
  • 00:14:05
    duty your highness's duty is to receive
  • 00:14:08
    our duties what you need to do is to
  • 00:14:10
    receive what we do for you and our
  • 00:14:13
    Duties are to your throne that is the
  • 00:14:16
    kingdom and the state children and
  • 00:14:18
    servants which do but what they should
  • 00:14:20
    by doing everything safe toward your
  • 00:14:22
    love and honor so he says that our duty
  • 00:14:25
    is to towards your throne the duty of
  • 00:14:28
    your subjects that is all us people is
  • 00:14:31
    the same as that of a child to his
  • 00:14:33
    father or a servant to its Master to his
  • 00:14:36
    master we are only doing what we should
  • 00:14:38
    be to keep you safe to protect you to
  • 00:14:41
    keep you safe we are doing only that
  • 00:14:43
    much because that's precisely what he
  • 00:14:44
    has done on the battlefield and uh what
  • 00:14:47
    magb is trying to say is that well it's
  • 00:14:49
    not really a big deal it's not really
  • 00:14:51
    commendable but this is something which
  • 00:14:53
    we are expected to do so he's saying the
  • 00:14:56
    right things he's saying the politically
  • 00:14:59
    right things to keep Duncan safe happy
  • 00:15:03
    and in no way giving a hint of what is
  • 00:15:06
    actually going on in his mind the only
  • 00:15:08
    person who knows what is going on in his
  • 00:15:10
    mind is you and the readers and the
  • 00:15:13
    audience right perhaps not even Bano
  • 00:15:16
    completely Bano has some kind of an idea
  • 00:15:18
    because he said oh look how he's in
  • 00:15:20
    wrapped attention but he doesn't know
  • 00:15:22
    exactly what's going on in his mind only
  • 00:15:24
    you and I know what is going on in mag's
  • 00:15:27
    mind and that is really the beauty of
  • 00:15:29
    Shakespeare's writing that he kind of
  • 00:15:31
    operates at these different levels okay
  • 00:15:34
    so uh this passage in a sense forwards
  • 00:15:39
    the deception of um meth VAV Duncan
  • 00:15:43
    because he will do exactly the opposite
  • 00:15:46
    of what he has spoken right here he says
  • 00:15:48
    our job is to keep you safe the guy will
  • 00:15:51
    actually kill him when he's inside his
  • 00:15:53
    own home at the castle right so what can
  • 00:15:55
    be more Despicable than that so he's not
  • 00:15:59
    to keep him safe at all his relationship
  • 00:16:01
    towards Duncan is not going to be that
  • 00:16:03
    between a servant and the master or
  • 00:16:05
    between a son and a parent but he will
  • 00:16:07
    do something entirely the opposite right
  • 00:16:10
    so that is why this particular passage
  • 00:16:13
    is ironic again if this kind of a
  • 00:16:15
    passage come please ensure that you give
  • 00:16:17
    all these kind of
  • 00:16:18
    layers examiner
  • 00:16:21
    impressed
  • 00:16:24
    marks dunan says welcome hither I have
  • 00:16:27
    begun to plant the and will labor to
  • 00:16:30
    make thee full of growing Noble Bano
  • 00:16:32
    that has no less deserved so now he
  • 00:16:35
    talks about banko as well so he says
  • 00:16:38
    that be welcome here the rewards that I
  • 00:16:39
    have given are like newly planted seeds
  • 00:16:43
    which will now grow into a great future
  • 00:16:45
    right to full of growing and then he
  • 00:16:47
    talks to Bano says that you are no less
  • 00:16:49
    deserving than meth and everyone should
  • 00:16:52
    know about what you have done because
  • 00:16:54
    Bano was also on the battlefield along
  • 00:16:56
    with uh M though the focus was ENT on me
  • 00:16:59
    for obvious reasons right from a
  • 00:17:02
    literary and play point of view and nor
  • 00:17:05
    must be known no less to have done so
  • 00:17:07
    let me infold thee and hold you hold
  • 00:17:09
    thee to my heart that I let me hold you
  • 00:17:11
    close to my heart right so let me hug
  • 00:17:13
    you so uh banko says if I'm allowed to
  • 00:17:16
    grow into greatness the benefits will be
  • 00:17:18
    all yours so Mas he's also saying the
  • 00:17:21
    politically right things he's also
  • 00:17:23
    saying that you know if I am allowed to
  • 00:17:24
    grow into greatness the benefits will be
  • 00:17:27
    yours the Harvest Harvest
  • 00:17:30
    means the rewards the fruits of that
  • 00:17:34
    hard work will all be for you dunan says
  • 00:17:37
    my plenteous joy wanted in fullness seek
  • 00:17:39
    to hide themselves in drops of Sorrow
  • 00:17:41
    sun skinman thingss and you whose places
  • 00:17:44
    are the nearest no we will establish our
  • 00:17:46
    estate upon and now see the interesting
  • 00:17:50
    part is that banko also serves as a foil
  • 00:17:52
    to megb right meth is going from a hero
  • 00:17:56
    to become some kind of a villain to
  • 00:17:59
    becoming some kind of a dark and
  • 00:18:00
    negative character Banko's moral compass
  • 00:18:03
    is not corrupted so Bano is always
  • 00:18:06
    serving as a foil to meth right as a
  • 00:18:09
    contrast to meth so whatever changes are
  • 00:18:12
    happening within meth you need to
  • 00:18:14
    contrast that with how Bano is behaving
  • 00:18:16
    because both of them were together on
  • 00:18:17
    the battlefield so in that sense at the
  • 00:18:19
    beginning of the play we have always
  • 00:18:21
    seen meth and Bano together so it's
  • 00:18:24
    interesting to always and important to
  • 00:18:25
    always contrast meth with banko which is
  • 00:18:28
    why both of them are always shown in
  • 00:18:30
    some kind of a contrast so Duncan says
  • 00:18:33
    that I am so full of joy right that it
  • 00:18:36
    brings tears to my eyes I'm so full of
  • 00:18:39
    joy seek to hide themselves in drops of
  • 00:18:41
    Sorrow that it brings you know Kush an
  • 00:18:44
    you know that it brings tears to my eyes
  • 00:18:46
    it is perhaps a sign of you know it's
  • 00:18:50
    probably a sign of his advancing age and
  • 00:18:52
    bit of an emotional personality so now
  • 00:18:55
    he addresses that my sons relative
  • 00:18:57
    Kinsmen PS Etc and all those who are
  • 00:18:59
    most close to me I hereby declare and
  • 00:19:02
    this is an important passage because
  • 00:19:03
    this will further kind of uh make meth
  • 00:19:06
    decide that he needs to make his move
  • 00:19:08
    pretty fast so he says that we will
  • 00:19:11
    establish our estate Upon Our eldest
  • 00:19:13
    Malcolm whom we Nam Hereafter the prince
  • 00:19:16
    of Cumberland right so he has kind of
  • 00:19:18
    designated him as his Heir as his
  • 00:19:20
    successor which honor must not
  • 00:19:22
    unaccompanied invest him only but signs
  • 00:19:24
    of nobleness like Star shall sign on all
  • 00:19:27
    deservers from hence to inous Inverness
  • 00:19:31
    and bind us further to you so he's
  • 00:19:33
    saying that I F I now declare that my
  • 00:19:36
    eldest son Malcolm will be the prince of
  • 00:19:38
    Cumberland and therefore the heir to the
  • 00:19:40
    throne of
  • 00:19:42
    Scotland right but we will not but he
  • 00:19:44
    will not be the only one who will be
  • 00:19:46
    gaining these titles he will not be the
  • 00:19:48
    only one who will be gaining this title
  • 00:19:51
    not anacom invest him only he's not the
  • 00:19:54
    only one who is going to get it new
  • 00:19:56
    titles that is signs of nobleness like
  • 00:19:58
    stars will shine on all those who
  • 00:20:01
    deserve that referring basically to megb
  • 00:20:03
    that mbth also will become the th of
  • 00:20:06
    coder okay so uh the interesting the
  • 00:20:08
    important point to note is that during
  • 00:20:10
    the time of meth uh monarchy was not
  • 00:20:13
    hereditary the king had to announce his
  • 00:20:15
    successor right uh so the king nominated
  • 00:20:17
    his successor and uh if monarchy had
  • 00:20:20
    been hereditary mbth will know that
  • 00:20:22
    Malcom is going to become the next king
  • 00:20:24
    but here when Malcolm is announced by
  • 00:20:26
    Duncan it kind of takes megm by a little
  • 00:20:29
    bit of surprise because he had started
  • 00:20:32
    harboring Ambitions of becoming the next
  • 00:20:34
    King of Scotland so now he thinks that
  • 00:20:36
    it's not just enough to finish Duncan he
  • 00:20:38
    needs to finish Malcolm also because if
  • 00:20:40
    Duncan dies he already announced that
  • 00:20:42
    dun Malcolm is going to be the next king
  • 00:20:44
    the prince of Cumberland so to magb he
  • 00:20:47
    says from here we will be going to your
  • 00:20:49
    castle at Inverness right where your
  • 00:20:51
    hospitality will make me even more
  • 00:20:53
    indebted to you right from hence to in
  • 00:20:55
    in bures and bind us further to you you
  • 00:20:58
    know your the hospitality that you will
  • 00:21:00
    show towards us will make me even more
  • 00:21:02
    indebted to you meget says the rest is
  • 00:21:05
    labor which is not used for you I will
  • 00:21:07
    be myself The Harbinger and make joyful
  • 00:21:10
    the hearing of my wife with your
  • 00:21:11
    approach so humbly take my leave so
  • 00:21:13
    megus says I feel Restless when I'm not
  • 00:21:15
    working for you I feel Restless when I'm
  • 00:21:18
    not working for you and this is all the
  • 00:21:21
    effect of the witches on Meb because
  • 00:21:23
    they have corrupted his mind okay if the
  • 00:21:26
    predic prophecy had not been made
  • 00:21:28
    probably may not have thought about this
  • 00:21:30
    may not have thought okay we can never
  • 00:21:32
    be sure okay so he says I feel Restless
  • 00:21:35
    when I'm not working for you and any
  • 00:21:37
    effort in your service does not feel
  • 00:21:40
    like work at all I'll myself be the
  • 00:21:43
    messenger of news that I'll myself go
  • 00:21:45
    the harbinger means the messenger of
  • 00:21:47
    this news to my wife lady maget and
  • 00:21:50
    Delight my wife with the news that you
  • 00:21:52
    are come coming so humbly let me depart
  • 00:21:55
    right now so Duncan says my worthy CER
  • 00:22:00
    with his new title Magus now it is an
  • 00:22:02
    aside it's a solid Q he no one else can
  • 00:22:05
    hear him the prince of Cumberland so now
  • 00:22:07
    he's saying that oh Malcolm the prince
  • 00:22:10
    of Cumberland you know next king
  • 00:22:13
    designate he's between me and the throne
  • 00:22:16
    that is a step on which I must fall down
  • 00:22:18
    or else overleap okay for in my way it
  • 00:22:22
    lies because it lies in my way who
  • 00:22:24
    Malcolm the new Prince of Cumberland so
  • 00:22:27
    he's very clear so if you get this kind
  • 00:22:29
    of a passage you should be able to what
  • 00:22:31
    are the questions that could possibly
  • 00:22:32
    come you could get a question as to why
  • 00:22:34
    is he saying that so you need to talk
  • 00:22:36
    about Duncan having declared Malcolm as
  • 00:22:38
    his successor right why is he feeling
  • 00:22:41
    you could get this thing of what is he
  • 00:22:42
    saying that he must kind of get rid of
  • 00:22:44
    Malcolm also now what was he going I
  • 00:22:47
    mean where was he going and who will he
  • 00:22:49
    meet in order to kind of make his plot
  • 00:22:52
    you need to talk about lady Magma's
  • 00:22:53
    thing which we will see in the next two
  • 00:22:55
    three scenes so those are the different
  • 00:22:57
    kind of questions that you could get
  • 00:22:59
    also a background about what had
  • 00:23:00
    happened so any passage that you get you
  • 00:23:03
    can get these four five questions
  • 00:23:06
    a okay so you should be able to this
  • 00:23:09
    thing or it would be with reference to
  • 00:23:12
    this particular lines right explain what
  • 00:23:15
    meth is thinking about you could get a
  • 00:23:17
    question like that right not just in a
  • 00:23:19
    reference to context which is now the
  • 00:23:21
    old style but sometimes in your school
  • 00:23:23
    examinations you do get questions like
  • 00:23:25
    that but you could always get with
  • 00:23:27
    reference to these lines explain this
  • 00:23:29
    this this right and always these are
  • 00:23:31
    like you know in sometimes in two or
  • 00:23:33
    three parts so that you need to Target
  • 00:23:35
    each part very carefully Stars hide your
  • 00:23:38
    fires let not light see my black and
  • 00:23:40
    deep desires so what he's saying is that
  • 00:23:43
    that is a step which I will have to
  • 00:23:44
    cross that is over leap uh to move above
  • 00:23:47
    him or give up my hopes of kingship uh
  • 00:23:50
    Stars hide your brightness so that light
  • 00:23:52
    cannot see my dark and deep evil desires
  • 00:23:56
    so that let not light see my black and
  • 00:23:59
    deep desires this is a very important
  • 00:24:01
    line please use it in your answers my
  • 00:24:04
    black and deep desires right so he
  • 00:24:07
    himself meth himself is very conscious
  • 00:24:10
    of the fact that his wishes are not
  • 00:24:13
    something very positive because he's
  • 00:24:15
    talking about eliminating someone right
  • 00:24:18
    he's talking about eliminating someone
  • 00:24:20
    so let light not see my black and deep
  • 00:24:24
    desires so please use this
  • 00:24:29
    the eye wink at the hand let yet let
  • 00:24:31
    that be which the eye fears when it is
  • 00:24:33
    done to see what is he saying is that
  • 00:24:37
    may my eyes be blind to the actions of
  • 00:24:40
    my hand that is my eyes should not be
  • 00:24:42
    able to see what my hand is doing
  • 00:24:44
    because it is with the hand that he will
  • 00:24:47
    kill Duncan right so my eyes also should
  • 00:24:50
    not be able to see what my hand is doing
  • 00:24:53
    right um yet if my hand does what my
  • 00:24:56
    eyes fear to see but but if my hand
  • 00:25:00
    still goes ahead and does something
  • 00:25:01
    which my eyes are scared to see then I
  • 00:25:04
    will be forced to see it when it is done
  • 00:25:06
    right then I'll will be forced to see
  • 00:25:08
    what is done so mbth now realizes that
  • 00:25:10
    after Duncan's announcement that if he
  • 00:25:12
    wants to take the throne from dunan from
  • 00:25:15
    the kingdom of Scot of the kingdom of
  • 00:25:16
    Scotland it will not be enough to kill
  • 00:25:18
    Duncan he will also need to get rid of
  • 00:25:21
    Malcolm I means that what you see and
  • 00:25:24
    what you approve of right U so what is
  • 00:25:27
    he saying hand is something which you
  • 00:25:29
    actually do to carry out a particular
  • 00:25:31
    task wink that he's using the ey wink so
  • 00:25:36
    the I wink means that not to see
  • 00:25:38
    properly so the eye does not want to see
  • 00:25:41
    what the hand is doing he doesn't want
  • 00:25:43
    the eye to see what the hand is doing
  • 00:25:45
    because he knows that the hand is going
  • 00:25:46
    to do something extremely dangerous okay
  • 00:25:50
    so uh Duncan says true worthy banko he's
  • 00:25:54
    full so Valiant and in his Comm
  • 00:25:56
    commendations I am fed it's a banquet to
  • 00:25:58
    see Meb exits and he says this to banko
  • 00:26:02
    and the fact that he continues to say
  • 00:26:04
    good things about Meb shows that Duncan
  • 00:26:05
    is essentially a good-natured gentleman
  • 00:26:08
    uh King true worthy banko he's full so
  • 00:26:10
    valent and his commendations I am fed so
  • 00:26:12
    he says meth is truly heroic and in
  • 00:26:15
    praising his achievements I'm satisfied
  • 00:26:18
    I am fed I fed it is like a banquet to
  • 00:26:21
    me you know that you know I'm kind of
  • 00:26:23
    it's so many good things right let us
  • 00:26:27
    follow him whose care is gone before to
  • 00:26:28
    bid us welcome he has already gone ahead
  • 00:26:30
    of us to prepare for our welcome at his
  • 00:26:33
    castle he it's a Peerless Kinsman he's
  • 00:26:35
    an is unequal as a Kinsman that is
  • 00:26:38
    fearless means without any
  • 00:26:41
    uh
  • 00:26:43
    without
  • 00:26:46
    comparison okay so and then everybody
  • 00:26:49
    exits so we come to the end of act one
  • 00:26:52
    scene 4 two important developments U
  • 00:26:55
    that take place in this particular scene
  • 00:26:57
    which is why this scene is important
  • 00:26:59
    Malcolm announcing the uh I'm sorry
  • 00:27:02
    Duncan announcing his son Malcolm as his
  • 00:27:04
    successor and Duncan's decision to visit
  • 00:27:08
    mbth because that's where the real
  • 00:27:11
    action of the dark deed actually takes
  • 00:27:14
    place thank you very much I will now see
  • 00:27:16
    you in act 1 scene five data bye-bye
Tags
  • Macbeth
  • Shakespeare
  • ambition
  • betrayal
  • Duncan
  • Malcolm
  • Thane of Cawdor
  • prophecy
  • loyalty
  • irony