Appeasement and Anschluss

00:07:39
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6YvSCIPBAA

Summary

TLDRIn diesem Video wird die Zeit vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg behandelt, insbesondere die politischen Spannungen in Europa zwischen 1914 und 1939. Neville Chamberlain, der 1937 Premierminister wurde, verfolgte eine Politik der Beschwichtigung gegenüber Hitler, um den Frieden zu wahren. Hitler brach mehrfach internationale Vereinbarungen, indem er das Rheinland wieder besetzte und Österreich annektierte. Gleichzeitig wurden die Schwächen der Liga der Nationen bei der Bekämpfung der Aggressionen Mussolinis und Hitlers angeprangert. Trotz der Bedrohung durch die Luftangriffe verspürten viele Briten den Drang, sich für den Frieden einzusetzen und waren gegenüber einer Militärrüstung skeptisch, da sie die sozialen Sorgen der Nachkriegszeit priorisierten.

Takeaways

  • 🎵 Erinnerung an die Schrecken des Krieges
  • 🤝 Chamberlains Politik der Beschwichtigung
  • 🏴‍☠️ Hitlers Schritte zur Aggression
  • 🛡️ Der Zweite Weltkrieg wird zunehmend unvermeidlich
  • 🇦🇹 Annexion Österreichs durch Deutschland
  • 🥺 Hilferuf von Haile Selassie an die Liga der Nationen
  • 💰 Zweifel an den Prioritäten der Rüstungsfinanzierung
  • 🎬 Wahrnehmung von RAF-Luftangriffen im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg
  • 👥 Britische Bürger und ihre Sicht auf Hitler
  • ⚓ Die Rolle der Royal Navy im Schutz des Empire

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:39

    In dieser Zeit des Gedenkens reflektieren die Völker des Imperiums über die Schrecken der Kriege von 1914 bis 1918 und beten für die Sicherheit einer zukünftigen Friedenspolitik. Unter Premierminister Neville Chamberlain wird der Versuch unternommen, den Krieg zu vermeiden, vor allem durch eine Politik der Beschwichtigung, während Hitler, Mussolini und Stalin ihre eigenen imperialen Ambitionen verfolgen. Hitlers militärische Aufrüstung stellt eine Bedrohung dar, während England mit finanziellen Schwierigkeiten kämpft, die eigenen Verteidigungskräfte wieder aufzubauen. Die britische Rhetorik über die Schaffung eines Friedens durch den Völkerbund wird als trügerisch empfunden, insbesondere als Italien unter Mussolini Äthiopien angreift. Trotz der Bedrohungen setzen viele Briten, insbesondere die Jugend, auf den Völkerbund, in dem Glauben, dass niemand einen Krieg will. In Anbetracht der militärischen Aggressionen durch Deutschland wird Chamberlain in der internationalen Politik aktiver, während Hitler seine militärische Expansion mit der Annexion Österreichs fortsetzt und das internationale Abkommen missachtet.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Wer wurde 1937 Premierminister von Großbritannien?

    Neville Chamberlain wurde 1937 Premierminister von Großbritannien.

  • Was war die Hauptpolitik von Chamberlain?

    Chamberlains Hauptpolitik war die Beschwichtigung, um den Krieg zu vermeiden.

  • Wann marschierten Hitlers Truppen in Österreich ein?

    Hitlers Truppen marschierten am 12. März 1938 in Österreich ein.

  • Was war die Reaktion Großbritanniens auf Hitlers Wiederbesetzung des Rheinlandes?

    Großbritannien und Frankreich unternahmen nichts, um Hitlers Widerbesetzung des Rheinlandes im Jahr 1936 zu stoppen.

  • Was war der Hauptzweck der Royal Navy?

    Der Hauptzweck der Royal Navy war der Schutz des britischen Empire weltweit.

  • Wie wurde die Reaktion der Liga der Nationen auf die italienische Aggression in Äthiopien beschrieben?

    Die Liga der Nationen wurde als ineffektiv beschrieben, da sie wenig tat, um die italienische Aggression in Äthiopien zu verhindern.

  • Wie empfanden britische Bürger Hitlers Rückkehr in das Rheinland?

    Einige Briten hielten Hitlers Rückkehr in das Rheinland für vernünftig, da es sich um deutsches Gebiet handelte.

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  • 00:00:00
    [Music]
  • 00:00:24
    In these two short minutes of silence,
  • 00:00:27
    the peoples of the empire remember
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    We pray that our statesmen may continue
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    their work of ensuring that the terrible
  • 00:00:34
    mistake of the years 1914 to 1918 may
  • 00:00:38
    never be
  • 00:00:39
    repeated. One year later, when this man,
  • 00:00:41
    Neville Chamberlain, became prime
  • 00:00:43
    minister, the peace seemed already to be
  • 00:00:45
    slipping away. His chief task would be
  • 00:00:48
    to try and avert war. His policy was
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    summed up in one word, appeasement.
  • 00:00:57
    Chamberlain had already seen one great
  • 00:00:59
    war tear Europe apart. He believed
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    another would destroy
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    civilization. But Mussolini, dictator of
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    Italy, was looking for military glory
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    for himself and his
  • 00:01:16
    country. The Russian dictator Stalin,
  • 00:01:19
    mysterious and powerful, brooded over
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    Eastern Europe.
  • 00:01:27
    and Hitler furer of Germany was planning
  • 00:01:30
    to dominate
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    Europe. Already in March 1936, Hitler in
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    defiance of the Treaty of Versailles had
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    reoccupied the Rhineland. The British
  • 00:01:42
    and French did nothing to stop
  • 00:01:46
    him. Hitler hammered his triumph home to
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    the Germans. His message was heard in
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    Britain, especially by
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    Chamberlain. As chancellor of the
  • 00:01:59
    excheer, Chamberlain did not object to
  • 00:02:01
    rearming Britain, but he disliked having
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    to do it by raising taxes and borrowing
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    money.
  • 00:02:09
    In an armed and arming world, we
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    couldn't be the only great country
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    disarmed. We simply had to build our
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    defense forces again. and we had to pay
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    for it
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    by defense forces. Chamberlain was
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    talking principally about the RAF and
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    the Royal
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    Navy. The Navy's great task was to
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    protect the British Empire strewn around
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    the globe from India and Africa and
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    Canada through New Zealand and Australia
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    to the East
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    Indies. To protect the empire in the Far
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    East, work had begun in 1921 on a great
  • 00:03:01
    naval base at
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    Singapore. On the surface, Britain
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    looked confident and secure in control
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    of her empire.
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    But the defense of that empire would
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    pose insoluble problems. For one thing,
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    we could not afford a war here in the
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    east and at the same time fight the
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    dictators in
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    Europe. Many people believed the best
  • 00:03:35
    way to avoid war was to support the
  • 00:03:37
    League of Nations. It was a fine thing
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    to believe.
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    There is in our judgment no dispute
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    between nations that cannot be settled
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    by peaceful means. But the people of
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    Abbiscinia had found such talk empty and
  • 00:03:53
    misleading when their land was invaded
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    by Italian troops in
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    1935. Mussolini was doing his own empire
  • 00:04:04
    building in East Africa and the league
  • 00:04:06
    did little to prevent him. It was the
  • 00:04:08
    most unbearable scene when the fallen
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    emperor confronted the League of
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    Nations.
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    Italian journalists whistled their
  • 00:04:17
    derision. Hilis Salassie faced them with
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    heartbreaking
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    dignity. Are the states present here
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    today? Asked Hisassie going to set up a
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    terrible president by bowing before
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    force. What reply shall I take back to
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    my people? The League made no reply.
  • 00:04:39
    But in Britain, the desire for peace was
  • 00:04:41
    so strong that many people continued to
  • 00:04:43
    support the League, particularly the
  • 00:04:49
    young. They sincerely believed that no
  • 00:04:51
    one could really want war.
  • 00:04:55
    [Music]
  • 00:05:00
    A few Britons, like these ex-servicemen,
  • 00:05:02
    went to Germany and were filmed chatting
  • 00:05:04
    to Hitler about the 1914 war. They found
  • 00:05:08
    him reasonable. Wasn't it reasonable to
  • 00:05:11
    put German troops back into the
  • 00:05:12
    Rhineland, which was, after all, German
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    soil? users on the north. We British
  • 00:05:20
    never felt anything but great respect
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    for uh German enemies in the war years
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    across the other side of the trenches.
  • 00:05:29
    Whether Hitler was reasonable or not,
  • 00:05:32
    back at home, the leader of the Labour
  • 00:05:33
    Party, Clement Atley, could think of
  • 00:05:35
    many other reasons against rearming. The
  • 00:05:38
    government can find plenty of money for
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    warships and airplanes.
  • 00:05:44
    Why could they not find money to secure
  • 00:05:46
    to everyone homes fit to live in
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    clothing, food, and the means of a happy
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    life?
  • 00:05:56
    Still, even the poorest people went to
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    the cinema. Here, the news reels were
  • 00:06:00
    showing shots of air bombardment in the
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    Spanish Civil War. 4,000 bombs were
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    dropped out of a blue sky into a hell
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    that raged unchecked for five murderous
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    hours. This was a city, and these were
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    homes. like yours.
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    The lesson was clear. No longer was
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    Britain an island fortress. Her cities
  • 00:06:22
    and her people were wide open to attack
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    from the
  • 00:06:25
    air. And the planes that had bombed
  • 00:06:27
    Gernika were German.
  • 00:06:33
    As Germany flaunted her military
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    strength, the British people and their
  • 00:06:37
    leaders could well imagine could almost
  • 00:06:39
    see the Luftvafa over undefended British
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    cities. Neville Chamberlain became prime
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    minister in May 1937. From the start, he
  • 00:06:49
    took a strong personal interest in
  • 00:06:51
    foreign affairs. In November, he sent
  • 00:06:54
    Lord Halifax, soon to be his foreign
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    secretary, to Berlin to find out what
  • 00:06:58
    Hitler's claims in Europe really were.
  • 00:07:01
    Hitler told Halifax nothing. Instead,
  • 00:07:04
    the visit turned into a polite social
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    occasion. But 4 months later, on the
  • 00:07:13
    12th of March 1938, Hitler's troops
  • 00:07:16
    marched unopposed into Austria. Any
  • 00:07:19
    protests were drowned in a tide of wild
  • 00:07:22
    enthusiasm.
  • 00:07:25
    In open defiance of the treaty of
  • 00:07:27
    Versailles, Hitler declared the anlus or
  • 00:07:30
    union of Austria with Germany. He'd
  • 00:07:33
    returned to the land of his birth as
  • 00:07:35
    furer of the greater German Reich.
Tags
  • Chamberlain
  • Hitler
  • Zweiter Weltkrieg
  • Beschwichtigung
  • Rheinland
  • Österreich
  • Friedenspolitik
  • Liga der Nationen
  • Mussolini
  • Politik der Appeasement